為什么我要發這篇文章。
雖然搜索一下類似配置教程很多，但是坑都很深，還動不動就要多少分才能看。沒有一篇教程能按照步驟做完能成功運行。我不得不翻***墻出去找教程。
最終我整理了下，也算是給自己留個筆記。只要按照我這套教程做完服務器是可以正常使用的。各種郵件客戶端都可以連接還能很方便的增加webmail支持。隨后我會繼續發如何安裝Roundcube
安裝步驟
1. 更新系統各組件
2. 創建郵件系統所需賬戶
3. 安裝MariaDB資料庫
4. 安裝Apache 和 php7
5. 安裝PostfixAdmin（郵件服務器賬戶及域名管理平臺）
6. 安裝和配置Postfix引數（郵件發送服務器）
7. 安裝和配置Dovecot引數（郵件接收服務器）
8. 安裝和配置Spamassassin引數（垃圾郵件過濾插件）
9. 配置Postfix啟用Spamassassin
1. 更新系統各組件
Yum update && yum install wget nano
個人比較喜歡nano文本編輯器風格，如果你喜歡使用vi vim請隨意。
2. 創建郵件系統所需賬戶
useradd -r -u 150 -g mail -d /var/vmail -s /sbin/nologin -c "Virtual Mail User" vmail
mkdir -p /var/vmail
chmod -R 770 /var/vmail
chown -R vmail:mail /var/vmail
出于安全考慮，我們新建一個賬戶他是所有郵箱的所有者。
3. 安裝MariaDB 資料庫
yum install mariadb-server
默認版本即可，也可以通過其他方式安裝最新版本。
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
設定啟動和開機啟動資料庫服務器。
mysql_secure_installation
運行資料庫安裝命令
mysql -uroot -p
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE postfixadmin;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON postfixadmin.* TO 'postfixadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
創建PostfixAdmin所需資料庫和賬戶授權
4. 安裝apache和php7
yum install php php-mysql php-imap php-mbstring php-common httpd
5. 安裝PostfixAdmin
最新版本支持三種資料庫模式。MySQL/MariaDB , PostgreSQL , SQLite
考慮到企業級應用需要快速回應，我們這里使用MariaDB
wget -q -O - " https://sourceforge.net/projects/postfixadmin/files/postfixadmin/postfixadmin-3.2/postfixadmin-3.2.tar.gz " | tar -xzf - -C /var/www/html
下載和解壓最新版本的PostfixAdmin到網站根目錄/var/www/html
nano /var/www/html/postfixadmin-3.2/config.inc.php
打開組態檔
$CONF['configured'] = true;
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_host'] = 'localhost';
$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfixadmin';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'strong_password';
$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfixadmin';
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'NO';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'YES';
chown -R apache: /var/www/html/postfixadmin-3.2
修改目錄所有者為apache用戶
運行安裝程式https://你的服務器IP/postfixadmin-3.2/public/setup.php
可能會缺少某些組件包，需要自行安裝。僅僅出現警告提示并不影響安裝使用。只要不出現error
填寫安裝秘鑰，第一按確認會生成一串很長的秘鑰復制秘鑰段到組態檔 $CONF['setup_password'] = 秘鑰串 保存檔案
然后才能正確安裝。
6. 安裝和配置Postfix
yum install postfix
安裝軟體包
mkdir -p /etc/postfix/sql/
創建配合mysql用的陳述句組態檔
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active = 1 AND alias_domain.active='1'
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and mailbox.username = CONCAT('%u', '@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND mailbox.active = 1 AND alias_domain.active='1'
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('%u', '@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active = 1 AND alias_domain.active='1'
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address='%s' AND active = '1'
#expansion_limit = 100
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' AND active = '1'
#query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s'
#optional query to use when relaying for backup MX
#query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' AND backupmx = '0' AND active = '1'
#expansion_limit = 100
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT quota FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = '1'
nano /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfixadmin
password = strong_password
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfixadmin
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = '1'
#expansion_limit = 100
以上是創建各個組態檔
接下來在命令列中調整postfix配置引數
postconf -e "myhostname = $(hostname -f)"
postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf"
postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf"
postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf"
postconf -e "smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt"
postconf -e "smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key"
postconf -e "smtpd_use_tls = yes"
postconf -e "smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes"
postconf -e "smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot"
postconf -e "smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth"
postconf -e "smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes"
postconf -e "smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination"
postconf -e "mydestination = localhost"
postconf -e "mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8"
postconf -e "inet_protocols = ipv4"
postconf -e "inet_interfaces = all"
postconf -e "virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp"
以上命令列會改變/etc/postfix/main.cf中的配置引數
nano /etc/postfix/master.cf
打開這個組態檔，去掉一些#號并修改兩行內容
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
然后設定重啟和開機啟動Postfix
systemctl enable postfix
systemctl restart postfix
7. 安裝和配置Dovecot
安裝dovecot 和mysql支持
Yum install dovecot dovecot-mysql
然后又是無聊的改對應檔案中的引數
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n
mail_privileged_group = mail
mail_uid = vmail
mail_gid = mail
first_valid_uid = 150
last_valid_uid = 150
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
auth_mechanisms = plain login
#!include auth-system.conf.ext
!include auth-sql.conf.ext
nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = mysql
connect = host=localhost dbname=postfixadmin user=postfixadmin password=strong_password
default_pass_scheme = MD5-CRYPT
password_query = SELECT username as user, password, '/var/vmail/%d/%n' as userdb_home, 'maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n' as userdb_mail, 150 as userdb_uid, 8 as userdb_gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'
user_query = SELECT '/var/vmail/%d/%u' as home, 'maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%u' as mail, 150 AS uid, 8 AS gid, concat('dirsize:storage=', quota) AS quota FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
ssl = yes
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-lda.conf
postmaster_address = postmaster@your_domain_name.com
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
mode = 0600
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0666
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
unix_listener auth-userdb {
mode = 0600
user = vmail
#group = vmail
}
user = dovecot
}
service auth-worker {
user = vmail
}
然后修改dovecot組態檔的用戶所屬和給其他用戶讀寫運行權限
chown -R vmail:dovecot /etc/dovecot
chmod -R o-rwx /etc/dovecot
systemctl enable dovecot
systemctl restart dovecot
設定開機啟動dovecot
8. 安裝和配置Spamassassin
yum install spamassassin
創建spamassassin所需的賬戶和組
groupadd spamd
useradd -g spamd -s /bin/false -d /var/log/spamassassin spamd
chown spamd:spamd /var/log/spamassassin
9. 配置Postfix 啟用SpamAssassin
nano /etc/postfix/master.cf
找到
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
在它下面新增一行
-o content_filter=spamassassin
然后再末尾加入
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe flags=R user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
然后設定開機啟動Spamssassin
systemctl enable spamassassin
systemctl restart spamassassin
最后重啟各服務 生效所有配置
systemctl restart postfix
systemctl restart dovecot
參考：https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-a-mail-server-with-postfixadmin-and-mariadb-on-centos-7/
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