ansible-playbook

playbook是由一個或多個模塊組成的，使用多個不同的模塊，完成一件事情，

ansible軟體特點

可以實作批量管理
可以實作批量部署
ad-hoc(批量執行命令)---針對臨時性的操作
　　ansible clsn -m command -a "hostname" <- 批量執行命令舉例
撰寫劇本-腳本(playbook)---針對重復性的操作

ansible核心功能

pyYAML-----用于ansible撰寫劇本所使用的語言格式（saltstack---python）
rsync-ini語法 sersync-xml語法 ansible-pyYAML語法
paramiko---遠程連接與資料傳輸
Jinja2-----用于撰寫ansible的模板資訊

劇本撰寫規則說明

YAML三板斧

縮進

YAML使用一個固定的縮進風格表示層級結構,每個縮進由兩個空格組成, 不能使用tabs

冒號

以冒號結尾的除外，其他所有冒號后面所有必須有空格，

短橫線

表示串列項，使用一個短橫杠加一個空格，
多個項使用同樣的縮進級別作為同一串列，

劇本書寫格式

- hosts: 172.16.1.7       處理指定服務器         (空格)hosts:(空格)172.16.1.7
task:                劇本所要干的事情;              (空格)(空格)task:
- name:            （兩個空格）-（空格）name:
command: echo hello clsn linux   （四個空格）command:(空格)                   
劇本格式示例
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# vim rsync.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: Install Rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed

劇本檢查方法

ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml 
     　　 --- 進行劇本配置資訊語法檢查
ansible-playbook -C 01.yml             
        --- 模擬劇本執行（彩排）

語法檢查

ansible-playbook --syntax-check
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml
playbook: 01.yml

模擬劇本執行

ansible-playbook -C
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook -C 01.yml
PLAY [all] ****************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
ok: [172.16.1.8]
此處省略………..
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************
172.16.1.31                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
172.16.1.41                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
172.16.1.8                 : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

劇本示例

劇本撰寫內容擴展：劇本任務撰寫多個任務

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: restart-network
      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
    - name: sync time
      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
劇本撰寫內容擴展：劇本任務撰寫多個主機
- hosts: 172.16.1.7
  tasks:
    - name: restart-network
      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
    - name: sync time
      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
- hosts: 172.16.1.31
  tasks:
    - name: show ip addr to file
      shell: echo $(hostname -i) >> /tmp/ip.txt

劇本撰寫方式

多主機單任務撰寫方式
多主機多任務撰寫方式
不同主機多任務撰寫方式

Ansible專案案例

環境規劃

全網備份
實時備份

角色	外網IP(NAT)	內網IP(LAN)	部署軟體
m01	eth0:10.0.0.61	eth1:172.16.1.61	ansible
backup	eth0:10.0.0.41	eth1:172.16.1.41	rsync
nfs	eth0:10.0.0.31	eth1:172.16.1.31	nfs、Sersync
web01	eth0:10.0.0.7	eth1:172.16.1.7	httpd

目錄規劃

[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{file,conf,scripts} -p 
[root@m01 ~]# tree /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
├── conf
└── file
└── scripts

需提前準備好的檔案

rsync組態檔

準備對應的組態檔存放至/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/

[root@m01 conf]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf 
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
path = /backup

[data]
path = /data

nfs組態檔

準備nfs組態檔exports

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/nfs_exports 
/data/ 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

Sersync軟體包

下載Sersync軟體包

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ll /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/file/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 727290 Aug  1 12:04 sersync.tar.gz

sersync組態檔

準備sersync實時同步的組態檔

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/confxml.xml.nfs 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<head version="2.5">
    <host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>
    <debug start="false"/>
    <fileSystem xfs="true"/>
    <filter start="false">
    <exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>
    </filter>
    <inotify>
    <delete start="true"/>
    <createFolder start="true"/>
    <createFile start="true"/>
    <closeWrite start="true"/>
    <moveFrom start="true"/>
    <moveTo start="true"/>
    <attrib start="false"/>
    <modify start="false"/>
    </inotify>
    <sersync>
    <localpath watch="/data">
        <remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="data"/>
    </localpath>
    <rsync>
        <commonParams params="-az"/>
        <auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/>
        <userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->
        <timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->
        <ssh start="false"/>
    </rsync>
    <failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
    <crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->
        <crontabfilter start="false">
        <exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>
        <exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>
        </crontabfilter>
    </crontab>
    <plugin start="false" name="command"/>
    </sersync>
    <plugin name="command">
    <param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/>  <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->
    <filter start="false">
        <include expression="(.*)\.php"/>
        <include expression="(.*)\.sh"/>
    </filter>
    </plugin>
    <plugin name="socket">
    <localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
        <deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>
    </localpath>
    </plugin>
    <plugin name="refreshCDN">
    <localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">
        <cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>
        <sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>
        <regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>
    </localpath>
    </plugin>
</head>

基礎環境部署

基礎環境：所有機器統一的配置
1.需要關閉firewalld以及selinux、epel倉庫、ssh埠、優化基礎配置
2.需要安裝rsync和nfs-utils
3.準備www用戶
4.需要準備/etc/rsync.pass密碼檔案
5.需要準備全網備份腳本
基礎的playbook劇本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yaml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:

    - name: Install Epel Repos
      get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

    - name: Install Rsync Nfs-Utils
      yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed

    - name: Create Group WWW
      group: name=www gid=666

    - name: Create User WWW
      user: name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin

    - name: Create Rsync_Client_Pass
      copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600

    - name: Create Scripts Directory
      file: path=/server/scripts recurse=yes state=directory

    - name: Push File Scripts
      copy: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/

    - name: Crontable Scripts
      cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null"

應用環境：Rsync

1.安裝rsync
2.配置rsync（配置變更，一定要進行多載操作）
3.創建虛擬用戶，權限調整
4.創建目錄/data/ /backup
5.啟動rsync
6.配置郵箱->郵箱的發件人->校驗的腳本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yaml 
- hosts: backup
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Rsync Server
      yum: name=rsync,mailx state=installed

    - name: configure Rsync Server
      copy: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf
      notify: Restart Rsync Server

    - name: Create Virt User
      copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600

    - name: Create Data 
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Create Backup 
      file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Start RsyncServer
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Push Check Scripts
      copy: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts/

    - name: Crond Check Scripts
      cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh &>/dev/null"

應用環境：NFS

1.安裝nfs-utils
2.配置nfs （當修改了配置，觸發多載操作）
3.創建目錄，授權
4.啟動

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat nfs.yaml 
- hosts: nfs
  tasks:

    - name: Installed Nfs Server
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed

    - name: Configure Nfs Server
      copy: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/conf/exports dest=/etc/exports
      notify: Restart Nfs Server

    - name: Create Share Data
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Start Nfs Server
      service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Nfs Server
      service: name=nfs-server state=restarted

應用環境：Sersync

1.下載sersync
2.解壓，改名，配置
3.啟動

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yaml 
- hosts: nfs
  tasks:
    - name: Scp Sersync
      copy: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/file/sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/sersync.tar.gz

    - name: Zip
      shell: cd /usr/local && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 sersync
      args:
        creates: /usr/local/sersync    

    - name: configure Sersync
      copy: src=./conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/

    - name: Start Sersync
      shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml

應用環境：WEB

掛載nfs共享的目錄

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yaml 
- hosts: web
  tasks:

    - name: Mount NFS Server Share Data
      mount: src=https://www.cnblogs.com/wenrulaogou/p/172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted

包含include

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat mail.yaml 
- import_playbook: base.yaml
- import_playbook: rsync.yaml
- import_playbook: nfs.yaml
- import_playbook: sersync.yaml
- import_playbook: web.yaml

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/caozuo/145665.html

標籤：Linux

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