Ubuntu18.04初始化

更新源：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

	deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
	deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
	deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
	deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
	deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

添加中文輸入法：（Ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin選詞亂碼）
- Setting->Region & Language->Manage Installed Languages
- Select Install
- shutdown -r now
- 在Input Source中添加Chinese(Pinyin)
安裝Chrome：
- sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
- wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
- 上面命令如果失敗則在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list中洗掉deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/deb/ stable main
- sudo apt update
- sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
- 安裝Chrome插件（開發者模式）鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z0Ugy9XEaLf3F74lNC5LzQ 提取碼: f3fc
- Google用戶登陸Chrome，，，

安裝配置git和vim：

sudo apt-get install git vim
配置git：
- git config --global user.name "xxx"
- git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
- ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
- cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
- 將生成的ssh-key配置到github中即可，

配置Vim：

mkdir -p ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
cd ~/.vim
mkdir colors
git clone https://github.com/tomasr/molokai.git
cp -a molokai/colors/* colors/
cd ~ & gedit .vimrc
.vimrc配置如下：

set number
"set nonumber
"設定行間距
set linespace=15
"配色
colorscheme molokai
"不與vi兼容，采用vim自己的操作命令
set nocompatible
"語法高亮
syntax on
"在底部顯示模式
set showmode
"命令模式下，在底部顯示當前輸入的指令
set showcmd
"支持使用滑鼠
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
"設定粘貼模式
"set paste
"共享剪貼板
set clipboard=unnamed
"使用 utf-8編碼 快取文本
set encoding=utf-8
"檔案編碼
set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"輸出終端編碼
set termencoding=utf-8
"按下回車鍵之后，下一行的縮進會自動跟上一行的縮進保持一致
set autoindent
"按下Tab鍵之后，Vim顯示的空格數
set tabstop=4
"Tab鍵自動轉為空格
set expandtab
"Tab轉為多少個空格
set softtabstop=4
"顯示游標所在的當前行的行號，其他行都為相對于改行的相對行號
"set relativenumber
"游標所在的當前行高亮
set cursorline
"設定行寬
"set textwidth=80
"自動折行
"set wrap
"set nowrap
"只有遇到指定的符號，才發生折行，不會在單次內部折行
"set linebreak
"指定折行處與編輯視窗右邊緣之間空出的字符數
"set wrapmargin=2
"垂直滾動時，游標距離頂部或底部的位置
"set scrolloff=5
"水平滾動時，游標距離行首或行尾的距離
"set sidescrolloff=15
"是否顯示狀態欄
set laststatus=2
"在狀態欄顯示游標的當前位置
set ruler
"游標遇到圓括號，方括號，自動高亮對應另一半
set showmatch
"搜索時，高亮匹配結果
set hlsearch
"輸入搜索模式，每輸入一個字符，就自動跳到第一個匹配的結果
set incsearch
"搜索是忽略大小寫
"set ignorecase
"英語拼寫檢查
"set spell spelllang=en_us
"自動切換作業目錄到正在編輯的檔案
set autochdir
"vim需要記住多少次歷史操作
set history=1000
"打開檔案監視，防止檔案在外部被更改
set autoread
" 命令模式下，底部操作指令按下Tab鍵自動補全
set wildmenu
set wildmode=longest:list,full
"配置插件管理器Vundle
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim "runtimepath運行路徑
call vundle#begin()
"在這里安裝插件
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
"安裝NERDTree
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
"支持markdown
Plugin 'godlygeek/tabular'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'suan/vim-instant-markdown'
call vundle#end()
" 確保檔案型別檢測打開
filetype plugin on
"配置markdown
" 關閉實時預覽
let g:instant_markdown_slow = 0
" 關閉打開檔案自動預覽
let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 1
" 開放給網路上的其他人
let g:instant_markdown_open_to_the_world = 1
" 允許腳本允許
let g:instant_markdown_allow_unsafe_content = 1
" 阻止外部資源加載
let g:instant_markdown_allow_external_content = 0
" 配置NERDTree
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") && b:NERDTree.isTabTree()) | q | endif
"視窗圖示
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '?'
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '?'
""視窗位置
let g:NERDTreeWinPos='left'
""視窗尺寸
let g:NERDTreeSize=30	
""視窗是否顯示行號
let g:NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
""不顯示隱藏檔案
let g:NERDTreeHidden=0

進入到vim中，執行命令：:PluginInstall

安裝nodejs：
- sudo apt-get install nodejs
- sudo apt-get install npm
- sudo npm -g install n //nodejs的版本管理工具
vim配置markdown：
- 前置步驟：4 & 5
- sudo npm -g install instant-markdown-d
- sudo apt install ruby-pygments.rb
- sudo apt install ruby-redcarpet
- 目前發現chrome沒反應
美化grub：
- 下載grub主題：grub主題地址
- 解壓：tar -xf Tela-1080p.tar.xz
- 創建grub主題目錄：sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes
- 拷貝檔案：sudo cp -a Tela-1080p/Tela /boot/grub/themes/
- 配置：sudo vim /etc/default/grub添加GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/Tela/theme.txt"
- 使生效：sudo update-grub

設定grub：

備份grub.cfg：sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.bak
打開grub.cfg注釋下面的配置：

#submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#		recordfail
#		load_video
#		gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#		insmod gzio
#		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#		insmod part_msdos
#		insmod ext2
#		set root='hd0,msdos6'
#		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		else
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		fi
#		echo	'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
#	        linux	/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
#	}
#	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#		recordfail
#		load_video
#		insmod gzio
#		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#		insmod part_msdos
#		insmod ext2
#		set root='hd0,msdos6'
#		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		else
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		fi
#		echo	'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
#	        linux	/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
#		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
#	}
#	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#		recordfail
#		load_video
#		gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#		insmod gzio
#		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#		insmod part_msdos
#		insmod ext2
#		set root='hd0,msdos6'
#		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		else
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		fi
#		echo	'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
#	        linux	/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
#	}
#	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
#		recordfail
#		load_video
#		insmod gzio
#		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#		insmod part_msdos
#		insmod ext2
#		set root='hd0,msdos6'
#		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		else
#		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#		fi
#		echo	'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
#	        linux	/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
#		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
#		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
#	}
#}

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
#menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
#	insmod part_msdos
#	insmod ext2
#	set root='hd0,msdos6'
#	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#	else
#	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#	fi
#	knetbsd	/boot/memtest86+.elf
}
#menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
#	insmod part_msdos
#	insmod ext2
#	set root='hd0,msdos6'
#	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#	else
#	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
#	fi
#	linux16	/boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
#}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

更新grub配置：sudo update-grub

卸載不需要的軟體：
- firefox: sudo apt-get remove firefox firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-zh-hans
安裝系統指示器：
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo apt-get install syspeek
美化
- 安裝工具：sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
- 將關閉按鈕調至左側：
- 去掉Shell上無法修改的嘆號：
  - sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions重啟gnome-tweaks-tool查看結果，
  - 如果還沒去掉，則需要通過Firefox或Chromean安裝GNOME Shell Extension，以下是用Chrome安裝的步驟：
  - 在Chrome中打開連接https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gnome-shell-integration/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep 添加擴展GNOME Shell integration
  - sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
  - 在Chrome中打開https://extensions.gnome.org/搜索User Themes
  - 進入User Themes并啟動，
  - 重啟gnome-tweaks-tool可以看到Extensions下的User themes已經啟動，并且Shell的嘆號已經消失，
- 截至到現在工具配置完畢，接下來美化主題和圖示：
  - 下載主題：McMojave，Mojave-light.tar.xz
  - 下載圖示：McMojave-circle 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
  - tar -xf Mojave-light.tar.xz 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
  - sudo cp -a Mojave-light /usr/share/themes/
  - sudo cp -a McMojave-circle /usr/share/icons/
  - sudo cp -a McMojave-circle-dark /usr/share/icons/
  - 在gnome-tweaks-tool中進行設定，如圖所示：
  - 同理可以配置Mojave-dark-20191116000126.tar.xz
- 配置Dock：
  - 在Chrome中打開https://extensions.gnome.org/，搜索Dash to Dock
  - 進入到Dash to Dock并開啟
  - 重新打開gnome-tweaks-tool在Extensions界面啟動Dash to dock
  - 點擊配置按鈕進行配置，如下圖所示：
- 開機影片：
  - 下載開機影片主題：https://www.pling.com/p/1176419/
  - 下載之后解壓unzip suadesplash.zip 得到 suade/
  - sudo cp -a suade /usr/share/plymouth/themes/
  - 備份默認組態檔：sudo cp /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth.bak
  - 修改組態檔/etc/alternatives/default.plymouth：
```
[Plymouth Theme]
Name=Ubuntu Logo
Description=A theme that features a blank background with a logo.
ModuleName=script

[script]
ImageDir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade /*原為/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo*/
ScriptFile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade/mdv.script /*原為/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script*/
```
- 設定登陸界面：
  - 備份設定登陸界面的css檔案：sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css.bak
  - 修改背景圖片：
```
 background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/El_Haouaria_by_Nusi_Nusi.jpg); /*原為background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);*/
```
- 修改TopBar
  - 先打開gnome-tweaks-tool查看當前的Shell主題，如圖所示：
  - 修改該主題下的gnome-shell.css，sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/Mojave-dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css，如下所示：
```
#panel {
  background-color: rgba(34,139,34, 0.8);
  /* transition from solid to transparent */
  transition-duration: 250ms;
  font-weight: normal; //原為bold
  height: 23px;//原為28px
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
```
  - 修改之后保存，執行Alt+F2輸入r重新加載即可，

參考檔案：https://blog.csdn.net/lishanleilixin/article/details/80453565 & https://blog.csdn.net/White_Idiot/article/details/88931162

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/caozuo/153338.html

標籤：Linux

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