環境：centos7 mysql8.0.18
編譯安裝參見：https://www.cnblogs.com/fanshudada/p/9781794.html
下面使用rpm安裝
一、下載mysql服務軟體包
地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
rpm package:是某個特定的包，比如server,client,devle等
rpm bundle：是該版本所有包的集合
Compressed TAR Archive，是原始碼，必須用原始碼方式安裝
Compatibility Libraries：兼容庫
Shared Libraries：共享庫
Development Libraries：開發庫
Test Suite：測驗套件
Client Utilities：客戶端工具
下載時注意選則好對應的版本
二、安裝
相關依賴包：openssl openssl-devel libaio libaio-devel
（1）rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
報錯資訊：
error: Failed dependencies:
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
原因：mariadb-libs和 mysql-community-libs沖突
解決辦法：卸載mariadb-libs
a.查詢mariadb-libs的包名
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
b.卸載該包
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 或 rpm -ev --nodeps 包名 （不卸載相關依賴）
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
報錯原因：postfix是mariadb 的依賴包，要先卸載它
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -qa |grep postfix
postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ev postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
/usr/sbin/sendmail is needed by (installed) redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -qa |grep redhat-lsb
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ev redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
Preparing packages...
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ev postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
postfix-2:2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
上述步驟成功卸載掉mariadb-libs的依賴
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mariadb-libs-1:5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
繼續安裝：
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7################################# [100%]
mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7包安裝成功
（2） rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
（3） rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
（4） rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
解決依賴關系：
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# yum list |grep libaio
libaio.i686 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio.x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio-devel.i686 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio-devel.x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base
查詢到4個相關的依賴包，只需安裝libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.x86_64
yum -y install libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.x86_64
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.e################################# [100%]
（5）rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
pkgconfig(openssl) is needed by mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64
解決依賴關系：
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z src]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-devel-8.0.18-1.el################################# [100%]
至此Mysql安裝成功
小結：1. 卸載掉沖突組件 mariadb
rpm -ev redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
2.安裝相關依賴：
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel libaio libaio-devel
三、mysql服務設定
1.啟動mysql服務：systemctl start mysqld.service
查看MySQL服務是否啟動：netstat -tunpl |grep mysqld
2.登錄MySQL修改密碼
（1）登錄mysql
2種方法：跳過密碼驗證登錄 或 查看初始密碼登錄
a.查看初始密碼登錄
cat /var/log/mysqld.log
... 2019-11-11T14:28:57.523108Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,2sg6>HrQdF!
標紅加粗部分為初始密碼 mysql -uroot -p 鍵入密碼可以登錄MySQL
b.跳過密碼驗證登錄
修改my.cnf檔案，在[mysqld]區域下加入skip-grant-tables 重啟MySQL
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z ~]# find / -name my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z run]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@izm5e8nyz28va3a786y465z run]# mysql #可直接登錄MySQL
注意：修改密碼后，將my.cnf檔案內容還原
（2）修改密碼,2sg6>HrQdF!sf
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root123';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
原因：密碼設定的太過簡單，初始密碼方針：必須包含數字、大寫字母、小寫字母、特殊符號、長度8位以上，
mysql> flush privileges;
3.設定字符編碼（從MySQL8.0開始，默認字符集就是utf8mb4 了）
# 當前session
set session character_set_server='utf8';
set session collation_server='utf8_bin';
set names 'utf8';
# 全域
set global character_set_server='utf8';
set global collation_server='utf8_bin';
#組態檔（/etc/my.cnf）
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4 #客戶端字符編碼
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8mb4 #服務端字符編碼
查看默認字符集：
show global variables like '%character_set%';
查看支持的字符集：
show character set;
4.設定遠程登錄用戶和密碼
1.設定已有用戶遠程登錄
update user set Host='%' where User='root';
flush privileges;
2.新建遠程登錄用戶
mysql> create user 'xiaobai' identified by 'Abc1234!';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'xiaobai'@'%' with grant option;
mysql>flush privileges;
連接失敗，提示 驗證插件'caching_sha2_password'不能loade
原因：新版本的MySQL使用的是caching_sha2_password驗證方式，但此時的navicat還沒有支持這種驗證方式
解決辦法：更改加密方式
查看用戶加密方式：
mysql> select user,plugin from user where user='root';
+------+-----------------------+
| user | plugin |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | caching_sha2_password |
+------+-----------------------+
更改加密方式：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by ',2sg6>HrQdF!sf' password expire never; #設定密碼永不過期（此步非必須）
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password BY ',2sg6>HrQdF!sf'; #設定為老的加密方式
mysql> select user,plugin from user where user='root'; #加密方式已修改成功
+------+-----------------------+
| user | plugin |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | mysql_native_password |
+------+-----------------------+
重繪權限：flush privileges #可連接成功
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