一. 為什么是k8s v1.16.0?
最新版的v1.16.2試過了,一直無法安裝完成,安裝到kubeadm init那一步執行后,報了很多錯,如:node xxx not found等,centos7都重裝了幾次,還是無法解決,用了一天都沒安裝完,差點放棄,后來在網上搜到的安裝教程基本都是v1.16.0的,我不太相信是v1.16.2的坑所以先前沒打算降級到v1.16.0,沒辦法了就試著安裝v1.16.0版本,竟然成功了,記錄在此,避免后來者踩坑,本篇文章,安裝大步驟如下:
- 安裝docker-ce 18.09.9(所有機器)
- 設定k8s環境前置條件(所有機器)
- 安裝k8s v1.16.0 master管理節點
- 安裝k8s v1.16.0 node作業節點
- 安裝flannel(master)
我的環境:
- 作業系統:win10
- 虛擬機:virtual box
- linux發行版:CentOS7
- linux內核(使用uname -r查看):3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
- master和node節點通信的ip(master):192.168.99.104
二. 安裝docker-ce 18.09.9(所有機器)
所有安裝k8s的機器都需要安裝docker,命令如下:# 安裝docker所需的工具 yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 # 配置阿里云的docker源 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 指定安裝這個版本的docker-ce yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7 # 啟動docker systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
三. 設定k8s環境準備條件(所有機器)
安裝k8s的機器需要2個CPU和2g記憶體以上,這個簡單,在虛擬機里面配置一下就可以了,然后執行以下腳本做一些準備操作,所有安裝k8s的機器都需要這一步操作,# 關閉防火墻 systemctl disable firewalld systemctl stop firewalld關閉selinux
臨時禁用selinux
setenforce 0
永久關閉 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux檔案設定
sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config禁用交換磁區
swapoff -a
永久禁用,打開/etc/fstab注釋掉swap那一行,
sed -i 's/.swap./#&/' /etc/fstab
修改內核引數
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
四. 安裝k8s v1.16.0 master管理節點
如果還沒安裝docker,請參照本文步驟二安裝docker-ce 18.09.9(所有機器)安裝,
如果沒設定k8s環境準備條件,請參照本文步驟三設定k8s環境準備條件(所有機器)執行,
以上兩個步驟檢查完畢之后,繼續以下步驟,
1. 安裝kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
由于官方k8s源在google,國內無法訪問,這里使用阿里云yum源# 執行配置k8s阿里云源 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF安裝kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
yum install -y kubectl-1.16.0-0 kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
啟動kubelet服務
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
2. 初始化k8s
以下這個命令開始安裝k8s需要用到的docker鏡像,因為無法訪問到國外網站,所以這條命令使用的是國內的阿里云的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers),另一個非常重要的是:這里的--apiserver-advertise-address使用的是master和node間能互相ping通的ip,我這里是192.168.99.104,剛開始在這里被坑了一個晚上,你請自己修改下ip執行, 這條命令執行時會卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull,大概需要2分鐘,請耐心等待,
# 下載管理節點中用到的6個docker鏡像,你可以使用docker images查看到
# 這里需要大概兩分鐘等待,會卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull
kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.16.0 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.99.104 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl 0
上面安裝完后,會提示你輸入如下命令,復制粘貼過來,執行即可,
# 上面安裝完成后,k8s會提示你輸入如下命令,執行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
3. 記住node加入集群的命令
上面kubeadm init執行成功后會回傳給你node節點加入集群的命令,等會要在node節點上執行,需要保存下來,如果忘記了,可以使用如下命令獲取,kubeadm token create --print-join-command
以上,安裝master節點完畢,可以使用kubectl get nodes查看一下,此時master處于NotReady狀態,暫時不用管,
圖片
五. 安裝k8s v1.16.0 node作業節點
如果還沒安裝docker,請參照本文步驟二安裝docker-ce 18.09.9(所有機器)安裝,
如果沒設定k8s環境準備條件,請參照本文步驟三設定k8s環境準備條件(所有機器)執行,
以上兩個步驟檢查完畢之后,繼續以下步驟,
1. 安裝kubeadm、kubelet
# 執行配置k8s阿里云源 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF安裝kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
yum install -y kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
啟動kubelet服務
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
2. 加入集群
這里加入集群的命令每個人都不一樣,可以登錄master節點,使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 來獲取,獲取后執行如下,
# 加入集群,如果這里不知道加入集群的命令,可以登錄master節點,使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 來獲取 kubeadm join 192.168.99.104:6443 --token ncfrid.7ap0xiseuf97gikl --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:47783e9851a1a517647f1986225f104e81dbfd8fb256ae55ef6d68ce9334c6a2
加入成功后,可以在master節點上使用
kubectl get nodes命令查看到加入的節點,
六. 安裝flannel(master機器)
以上步驟安裝完后,機器搭建起來了,但狀態還是NotReady狀態,如下圖,master機器需要安裝flanneld,
20191101095214.png
1. 下載官方fannel組態檔
使用wget命令,地址為:(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml),這個地址國內訪問不了,所以我把內容復制下來,為了避免前面文章過長,我把它粘貼到文章末尾第八個步驟附錄了,這個yml組態檔中配置了一個國內無法訪問的地址(quay.io),我已經將其改為國內可以訪問的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com),我們新建一個kube-flannel.yml檔案,復制粘貼該內容即可,
2. 安裝fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
七. 大功告成
至此,k8s集群搭建完成,如下圖節點已為Ready狀態,大功告成,完結撒花,
20191101101725.png
八. 附錄
這是kube-flannel.yml檔案的內容,已經將無法訪問的地址(quay.io)全部改為國內可以訪問的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com),我們新建一個kube-flannel.yml檔案,復制粘貼該內容即可,---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
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標籤:Linux
