前文我們了解了部分puppet的資源的使用，以及資源和資源的依賴關系的定義，回顧請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/14071459.html；今天我們繼續puppet常用資源的使用相關話題；
1、file：該資源型別主要用來管理被控端主機上的檔案；該資源作用相當于ansible中的copy和file兩個模塊的功能；它可以實作檔案的新建，洗掉，復制等功能；
主要屬性
ensure：用于描述檔案的型別和目標狀態的，常用的檔案型別有3中，第一種是普通檔案（file），其內容由content屬性生成或復制由source屬性指向的檔案路徑來創建；第二種是目錄（directory），可通過source指向的路徑復制生成，recurse屬性指明是否遞回復制；第三種是符合鏈接檔案（link），必須由target屬性指明其鏈接的目標檔案；取值有present/absent，file,directory,link；
path：檔案路徑（namevar）
source：源檔案；
content：檔案內容；
target：符號鏈接的目標檔案；
owner：屬主；
group：屬組；
mode：權限；
ctime/mtime：時間戳；
示例：指定內容創建新檔案
[root@node12 ~]# cat file.pp
file{"/tmp/test.txt":
ensure => file,
content => "this is test file",
mode => 0644,
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'root'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單定義了在/tmp目錄下新建一個test.txt的檔案，其檔案內容是“this is test file”，屬主是jerry，屬組是root,權限是0644；
檢查資源清單語法
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop file.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606886216' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.txt]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 0
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v file.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886384'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.txt]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}973131af48aa1d25bf187dacaa5ca7c0'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds
[root@node12 ~]#
驗證：查看/tmp/目錄下是否生成了test.txt檔案，內容和屬主，屬組和權限是否是我們指定的內容呢？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 4 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# cat /tmp/test.txt this is test file[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到在/tmp目錄下生成了test.txt檔案，其屬主是jerry，屬組是root，權限是644，內容是“this is test file”，完全是我們指定的屬性；
示例：復制一個檔案生成另一個檔案
[root@node12 ~]# cat copyfile.pp
file{"/tmp/test1":
ensure => file,
source => '/etc/issue',
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'jerry',
mode => 400,
}
[root@node12 ~]#
驗證：應用資源清單，看看對應/tmp/目錄下是否會生成test1檔案？檔案屬主屬組和權限資訊是否是我們指定的屬性資訊呢？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 4
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
-rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop copyfile.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.06 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886863'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test1]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copyfile.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606886868'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test1]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}f078fe086dfc22f64b5dca2e1b95de2c'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp
total 8
srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock
drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq
-r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt
[root@node12 ~]# cat /tmp/test1
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到對應目錄下生成了我們指定的檔案，其內容是我們指定的source屬性所對應的檔案內容；屬主/組和權限都是我們指定的屬性；
示例：創建空目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat directory.pp
file{"/tmp/test":
ensure => directory,
owner => 'jerry',
group => 'jerry',
mode => 755,
}
[root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單并驗證對應目錄是否創建?
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop directory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887273' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test]/ensure: current_value absent, should be directory (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v directory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887279' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]#
示例：復制目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat copydirectory.pp
file{"copy directory":
ensure => directory,
path => '/tmp/test.repos.d',
source => '/etc/yum.repos.d/'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
應用資源清單并且驗證對應目錄是否生成？
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copydirectory.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606887595' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[copy directory]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 13:39 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/ total 0 [root@node12 ~]#
提示：這里只是復制了一個空目錄過來，對應目錄下沒有任何檔案，如果需要遞回復制，需要加上recurse屬性為true;
遞回復制目錄
[root@node12 ~]# cat copydirectory.pp
file{"copy directory":
ensure => directory,
path => '/tmp/test.repos.d',
source => '/etc/yum.repos.d/',
recurse => true
}
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v copydirectory.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606887954'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/centos7-aliyun-epel.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}ad7e2bf9550cde4f863d5157d9dea4cb'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Base.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}9098fc723b1e00c92e8515f06980d83e'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}e9e506425094f43b5c8f053090dbf4d4'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Vault.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}9fdd3d91192aa05427c3a9684eeb1345'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-CR.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}445ed4f0ee3888384e854fb8527a7cde'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Sources.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}04d662bb1648477bf50e658a20c10145'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}4861d3b742e8e8c05b67e3abf7904f17'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/mongodb.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}fbe938506cda5002d9b8068e6bb4a355'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Media.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}1d7797c5082bd565facd68c5aa9352bf'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.repos.d/bak/CentOS-fasttrack.repo]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}52d296f7a45f56c85d18473eca5bab16'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.12 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 Dec 2 13:45 bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 665 Dec 2 13:45 centos7-aliyun-epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2524 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206 Dec 2 13:45 mongodb.repo
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/test.repos.d/bak/
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 649 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1331 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3830 Dec 2 13:45 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到在資源清單中加上recurse屬性為true后，再次執行資源清單，對應源目錄下的所有檔案，子目錄及檔案都遞回的復制到path所指定的目錄下了；這里需要注意一點，如果源是檔案，目標是目錄，則復制過去的是一個檔案并非是把檔案復制到目錄下；所以puppet中的檔案復制是同型別檔案間的復制；
創建符號鏈接檔案
[root@node12 ~]# cat createlink.pp
file{"create link file":
ensure => link,
path => '/tmp/passwd',
target => '/etc/passwd',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單定義了把/tmp/passwd檔案連接至/etc/passwd，即在創建/tmp/passwd符號連接檔案，并將其目標鏈接檔案指向/etc/passwd檔案；
應用清單檔案，看看對應符號鏈接檔案是否生成？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop createlink.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.05 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606888721' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[create link file]/ensure: current_value absent, should be link (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v createlink.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.06 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606888731' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[create link file]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 13:04 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 13:04 systemd-private-d48e3508588440ff9b36efa29faed224-chronyd.service-V7fHnq drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到/tmp目錄下生成了一個passwd的符號鏈接檔案，并目標鏈接檔案指向的是/etc/passwd檔案；
定義資源與資源間的通知或訂閱關系
我們知道一個服務的組態檔發生了變化，如果要讓其配置生效，通常會重新啟動服務或重新載入組態檔內容；在ansible中當一個服務的組態檔發生變化，是通過定義handler和notify來觸發對應的服務執行重啟或多載配置操作；在puppet中當一個服務的組態檔發生變化觸發對應服務重啟或重新載入配置，需要定義資源與資源間的通知或訂閱關系；其語法如下
notify：前資源通知后資源
{
...
notify => Type['B'],
...
}
subscribe：后資源訂閱前資源
{
...
subscribe => Type['B'],
...
}
提示：以上兩種方式選擇其中一種即可；這里需要注意的是參考資源其型別首字母必須大寫；同時定義資源與資源通知或訂閱關系，其隱含了資源執行的先后順序（依賴關系）；
示例：定義安裝redis，提供組態檔，和啟動服務，并且當組態檔發生變化通知redis服務重啟；
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上資源清單中定義了3個資源，并且指定了當組態檔發生變化就通知redis服務重啟；
上述清單在file資源中通知service資源，我們也可以在service中訂閱file資源；如下
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
# notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
subscribe => File["/etc/redis.conf"],
}
[root@node12 ~]#
除了上述方式，我們也可以定義通知/訂閱資源鏈
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.pp
package{"redis":
ensure => installed,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
# notify => Service["redis"],
}
service{"redis":
ensure => running,
enable => true,
hasrestart => true,
restart => 'systemctl restart redis',
# subscribe => File["/etc/redis.conf"],
}
Package["redis"] -> File["/etc/redis.conf"] ~> Service["redis"]
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：定義通知/訂閱資源鏈，需要用到～>來表示前資源發生變化通知后資源；
本地redis.conf內容
[root@node12 ~]# cat redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 protected-mode yes port 6379 tcp-backlog 511 timeout 0 tcp-keepalive 300 daemonize no supervised no pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile /var/log/redis/redis.log databases 16 save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes rdbchecksum yes dbfilename dump.rdb dir /var/lib/redis slave-serve-stale-data yes slave-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no slave-priority 100 appendonly no appendfilename "appendonly.aof" appendfsync everysec no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-size -2 list-compress-depth 0 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上內容是默認redis配置，我們只修改了其監聽地址為0.0.0.0；
應用資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# rpm -q redis
package redis is not installed
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.29 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891263'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/ensure: current_value absent, should be file (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure: current_value stopped, should be running (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Unscheduling refresh on Service[redis]
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 3 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.12 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.30 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891271'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure: created
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum d98629fded012cd2a25b9db0599a9251
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}d98629fded012cd2a25b9db0599a9251' to '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/owner: owner changed 'redis' to 'root'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/mode: mode changed '0640' to '0644'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Unscheduling refresh on Service[redis]
Notice: Finished catalog run in 4.81 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /etc/redis.conf
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到應用資源清單后，安裝redis包，提供配置，啟動服務就一并完成了；
修改組態檔再次執行資源清單，看看對應服務是否會發生重啟，應用新配置呢？
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /root/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 16379 [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上把/root/目錄下的redis.conf檔案中的prot修改成16379；
執行資源清單
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v redis.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.30 seconds
Warning: The package type's allow_virtual parameter will be changing its default value from false to true in a future release. If you do not want to allow virtual packages, please explicitly set allow_virtual to false.
(at /usr/share/ruby/vendor_ruby/puppet/type.rb:816:in `set_default')
Info: Applying configuration version '1606891609'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum 12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff' to '{md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Service[redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到再次執行資源清單，對應服務也應用了新的配置，說明redis服務發生了重啟；我們定義的資源間通知或訂閱關系生效了；
2、exec：該資源型別主要用于描述在被控端執行命令；
主要屬性
command：要執行的命令（namevar）；
creates：檔案路徑，僅此路徑表示的檔案不存在時，command方才執行；
user/group：運行命令的用戶身份；
cwd：切換作業目錄；
path：命令搜索路徑，即在那些路徑下可以搜索到對應命令，類似PATH環境變數；
onlyif：此屬性指定一個命令，此命令正常（退出碼為0）運行時，當前command才會運行；
unless：此屬性指定一個命令，此命令非正常（退出碼為非0）運行時，當前command才會運行；
refresh：重新執行當前command的替代命令；
refreshonly：僅接收到訂閱的資源的通知時方才運行；
示例：使用mkdir命令在被控端主機上創建目錄，條件是當指定的目錄不存在時才創建；
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec.pp
exec{"create directory":
command => 'mkdir /tmp/tom',
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
unless => 'test -d /tmp/tom',
}
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上清單表示如果被控端的/tmp/tom不存在時，則在被控端執行mkdir /tmp/tom，執行mkdir這個命令的搜索路徑為/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin；
應用清單，看看對應目錄是否會被創建？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907819' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create directory]/returns: current_value notrun, should be 0 (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907836' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create directory]/returns: executed successfully Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上是/tmp/tom目錄不存在就創建，現在已經創建好了，再次執行命令按道理是要報錯說目錄已存在；
驗證：再次執行清單，看看是否會報錯？
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606907999' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到再次執行并沒有報錯，這是因為我們加了unless這個屬性去判斷是否滿足執行命令的條件；只有滿足執行命令的條件后，對應命令才可被執行；為了保證多次執行資源清單的冪等性，在執行某些不冪等的命令一定要加上條件；
示例：當redis組態檔發生改變以后，就重啟redis
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec2.pp
exec{"systemctl restart redis":
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
refreshonly => true,
}
file{"/etc/redis.conf":
ensure => file,
source => '/root/redis.conf',
}
File["/etc/redis.conf"] ~> Exec["systemctl restart redis"]
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：以上清單內容表示當/etc/redis.conf檔案內容發生變化，就通知執行重啟redis服務命令；
當前redis組態檔監聽埠
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /etc/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 16379 [root@node12 ~]#
修改/root/redis.conf檔案中的埠資訊為6379
[root@node12 ~]# grep -Ei "^bind|port" /root/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0 port 6379 [root@node12 ~]#
執行清單，看看對應redis是否會監聽在6379這個埠上？
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:16379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606909853'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: current_value {md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab, should be {md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff (noop)
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Exec[systemctl restart redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[systemctl restart redis]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec2.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.07 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606909859'
Info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/redis.conf to puppet with sum 13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}13a04cb20de2d787e0e18c1c13560cab' to '{md5}12e59b058c0ef61ad52bcfa2d4de58ff'
Info: /Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Exec[systemctl restart redis]
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[systemctl restart redis]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.11 seconds
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到redis服務已經監聽在6379這個埠了；說明重啟redis服務命令執行成功；
示例：創建檔案，條件是只有對應父目錄存在，則新建檔案；
[root@node12 ~]# cat exec3.pp
exec{"create file":
command => 'touch /tmp/jerry.sh',
path => '/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',
onlyif => 'test -d /tmp'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
執行清單并驗證
[root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp/ total 8 srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop exec3.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606910431' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create file]/returns: current_value notrun, should be 0 (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v exec3.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606910443' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Exec[create file]/returns: executed successfully Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds [root@node12 ~]# ll /tmp total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 2 20:00 jerry.sh srwx------ 1 mongod mongod 0 Dec 2 18:59 mongodb-27017.sock lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:58 passwd -> /etc/passwd drwx------ 3 root root 17 Dec 2 18:59 systemd-private-62bd808f926f45528710005f2104130c-chronyd.service-wtp0Tm drwxr-xr-x 2 jerry jerry 6 Dec 2 13:34 test -r-------- 1 jerry jerry 23 Dec 2 13:27 test1 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Dec 2 13:45 test.repos.d -rw-r--r-- 1 jerry root 17 Dec 2 13:19 test.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 2 19:17 tom [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到jerry.sh檔案創建成功了；
3、cron：該型別資源主要用于在被管控端管理周期計劃任務
主要屬性
command：要執行的任務；
ensure：描述是目標狀態，取值present/absent；
hour：定義小時時間；
minute：定義分鐘時間；
monthday：定義月份的某一天時間；
month：定義月份
weekday：定義周時間；
user：以哪個用戶的身份運行命令；
target：添加為哪個用戶的任務；
name：cron job的名稱；
示例：創建時間同步周期計劃任務
[root@node12 ~]# cat cron.pp
cron{"timesync":
command => '/usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.0.99 &> /dev/null',
ensure => present,
minute => '*/5',
user => 'root'
}
[root@node12 ~]#
執行清單，看看是否生成周期計劃任務？
[root@node12 ~]# crontab -l no crontab for root [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop cron.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606913457' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Cron[timesync]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop) Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v cron.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.02 seconds Info: Applying configuration version '1606913462' Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Cron[timesync]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds [root@node12 ~]# crontab -l # HEADER: This file was autogenerated at 2020-12-02 20:51:02 +0800 by puppet. # HEADER: While it can still be managed manually, it is definitely not recommended. # HEADER: Note particularly that the comments starting with 'Puppet Name' should # HEADER: not be deleted, as doing so could cause duplicate cron jobs. # Puppet Name: timesync */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.0.99 &> /dev/null [root@node12 ~]#
提示：可以看到周期計劃任務已經創建；
4、notify：該型別資源主要用來向agent運行日志發送訊息，如果是單機模型，則輸出到螢屏，如果是master/agent模型則記錄到日志中；
主要屬性
message：資訊內容；
name：資訊名稱；
示例
[root@node12 ~]# cat notify.pp
notify{"say hello ":
message => "hello everyone .."
}
[root@node12 ~]# puppet apply -v notify.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for node12.test.org in environment production in 0.01 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1606914189'
Notice: hello everyone ..
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Notify[say hello ]/message: defined 'message' as 'hello everyone ..'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds
[root@node12 ~]#
ok，以上是puppet中4中核心資源的使用和相關演示，以及資源與資源間的通知/訂閱關系的定義；
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/caozuo/228683.html
標籤：Linux