一起繪制不同年份的時間序列

我正在嘗試比較不同年份的變數，但無法將它們繪制在一起。時間序列是一個溫度序列，可以在

如果有人能給我一些建議或指出我正確的方向，我將不勝感激

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

你可以試試這個方法。

第一個圖表顯示所有可用溫度，第二個圖表按月匯總。

在第一個圖表中，我們強制使用同一年，以便ggplot將它們對齊，但我們按顏色分隔線。

對于第二個，我們只使用monthas xvariable 和yearas colourvariable。

注意：

• 與scale_x_datetime我們可以隱藏一年，以便沒有人可以看到，我們被迫到2020年每個觀察
• 與scale_x_continous我們可以展示個月而不是數的名稱

[只是嘗試運行圖表scale_x_...以了解和不了解我在說什么]

month.abb 是月份名稱的有用默認變數。

# read data
df <- readr::read_csv2("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gonzalodqa/timeseries/main/temp.csv")


# libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)


# line chart by datetime
df %>% 
  # make datetime: force unique year
  mutate(datetime = lubridate::make_datetime(2020, month, day, hour, minute, second)) %>% 
  
  ggplot()  
  geom_line(aes(x = datetime, y = T42, colour = factor(year)))  
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = lubridate::make_datetime(2020,1:12), labels = month.abb)  
  labs(title = "Temperature by Datetime", colour = "Year")

# line chart by month
df %>% 
  
  # average by year-month
  group_by(year, month) %>% 
  summarise(T42 = mean(T42, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop") %>% 
  
  ggplot()  
  geom_line(aes(x = month, y = T42, colour = factor(year)))  
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = 1:12, labels = month.abb, minor_breaks = NULL)  
  labs(title = "Average Temperature by Month", colour = "Year")

如果您希望圖表從 7 月開始，您可以使用以下代碼：

months_order <- c(7:12,1:6)

# line chart by month
df %>% 
  
  # average by year-month
  group_by(year, month) %>% 
  summarise(T42 = mean(T42, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop") %>% 
    
  # create new groups starting from each July
  group_by(neworder = cumsum(month == 7)) %>% 
    
  # keep only complete years
  filter(n() == 12) %>% 
    
  # give new names to groups
  mutate(years = paste(unique(year), collapse = " / ")) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  
  # reorder months
  mutate(month = factor(month, levels = months_order, labels = month.abb[months_order], ordered = TRUE)) %>% 
      
  # plot
  ggplot()  
  geom_line(aes(x = month, y = T42, colour = years, group = years))  
  labs(title = "Average Temperature by Month", colour = "Year")

編輯

要獲得類似于第一個情節但從 7 月開始的內容，您可以使用以下代碼：

# libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)


# custom months order
months_order <- c(7:12,1:6)

# fake dates for plot
# note: choose 4 to include 29 Feb which exist only in leap years
dates <- make_datetime(c(rep(3,6), rep(4,6)), months_order)

# line chart by datetime
df %>%
  
  # create date time
  mutate(datetime = make_datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)) %>%
  
  # filter years of interest
  filter(datetime >= make_datetime(2018,7), datetime < make_datetime(2020,7)) %>%
  
  # create increasing group after each july
  group_by(year, month) %>%
  mutate(dummy = month(datetime) == 7 & datetime == min(datetime)) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  mutate(dummy = cumsum(dummy)) %>%
  
  # force unique years and create custom name
  group_by(dummy) %>%
  mutate(datetime = datetime - years(year - 4) - years(month>=7),
         years = paste(unique(year), collapse = " / ")) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  
  # plot
  ggplot()  
  geom_line(aes(x = datetime, y = T42, colour = years))  
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = dates, labels = month.abb[months_order])  
  labs(title = "Temperature by Datetime", colour = "Year")

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

要以不同的方式訂購月份并總結幾年的值，您必須在繪制資料之前對資料進行一些處理：

library(dplyr)     # work data
library(ggplot2)   # plots
library(lubridate) # date
library(readr)     # fetch data

# your data
df <- read_csv2("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gonzalodqa/timeseries/main/temp.csv")


  df %>%
  mutate(date = make_date(year, month,day)) %>%
  # reorder month
  group_by(month_2 = factor(as.character(month(date, label = T, locale = Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "English"))),
                            levels = c('Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec','Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun')),
           # group years as you like
           year_2   = ifelse( year(date) %in% (2018:2019), '2018/2019', '2020/2021')) %>%
  # you can put whatever aggregation function you need
  summarise(val = mean(T42, na.rm = T)) %>%
  # plot it!
  ggplot(aes(x = month_2, y = val, color = year_2, group = year_2))   
  geom_line()     
  ylab('T42')    
  xlab('month')   
  theme_light()

標籤：r ggplot2 阴谋 时间序列

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