帶有正值和負值的條形圖

我有以下的資料集，其中我想了解補四個變數（的影響X1，X2，X3并X4在回應變數）Y：

> dput(data)
structure(list(Y = c("28,1", "27,3", "25,9", "27,2", "30,6", 
"27,6", "28,4", "26,6", "28,1", "30,1", "26,3", "28,4", "26,1", 
"24,6", "26,9", "26,3", "26,7", "26,3", "28,1", "28,2"), X1 = c("27,8", 
"27,7", "26,6", "26,8", "30,7", "27,6", "25,4", "26,7", "26,7", 
"29,4", "25,1", "26,6", "25,2", "24,1", "26,7", "24,9", "26,1", 
"25,5", "27,7", "27,6"), X2 = c("27,5", "27,1", "26,2", "24,8", 
"27,2", "26,3", "23,9", "24,3", "24,1", "25,1", "24", "26,4", 
"24,8", "25,1", "24,2", "25,1", "24,5", "24,1", "25,9", "25,9"
), X3 = c("27,4", "27,4", "26,3", "25,8", "29,2", "27,1", "25", 
"24,8", "25,3", "27,7", "24,9", "25,7", "24,5", "24", "24", "24,4", 
"25,3", "25", "26,8", "27,1"), X4 = c(57L, 54L, 56L, 74L, 62L, 
62L, 67L, 68L, 67L, 63L, 63L, 59L, 70L, 70L, 69L, 67L, 65L, 69L, 
65L, 65L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -20L))

由于解釋變數之間存在高度多重共線性，我決定使用嶺回歸。因此，我創建了以下棒棒糖圖來展示模型中每個變數的方向（正或負），來自嶺回歸系數：

library(glmnet)
library(ggplot2)
data <- structure(list(Y = c("28,1", "27,3", "25,9", "27,2", "30,6", 
                     "27,6", "28,4", "26,6", "28,1", "30,1", "26,3", "28,4", "26,1", 
                     "24,6", "26,9", "26,3", "26,7", "26,3", "28,1", "28,2"),
               X1 = c("27,8", "27,7", "26,6", "26,8", "30,7", "27,6", "25,4", "26,7", "26,7", 
                      "29,4", "25,1", "26,6", "25,2", "24,1", "26,7", "24,9", "26,1", 
                      "25,5", "27,7", "27,6"),
               X2 = c("27,5", "27,1", "26,2", "24,8", 
                      "27,2", "26,3", "23,9", "24,3", "24,1", "25,1", "24", "26,4", 
                      "24,8", "25,1", "24,2", "25,1", "24,5", "24,1", "25,9", "25,9"),
               X3 = c("27,4", "27,4", "26,3", "25,8", "29,2", "27,1", "25", 
                      "24,8", "25,3", "27,7", "24,9", "25,7", "24,5", "24", "24", "24,4", 
                      "25,3", "25", "26,8", "27,1"),
               X4 = c(57L, 54L, 56L, 74L, 62L, 
                      62L, 67L, 68L, 67L, 63L, 63L, 59L, 70L, 70L, 69L, 67L, 65L, 69L, 
                      65L, 65L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -20L))

#I assume your data is numeric, no strings-columns
data$Y <- as.numeric(gsub(pattern = ",", replacement = ".", data$Y))
data$X1 <- as.numeric(gsub(pattern = ",", replacement = ".", data$X1))
data$X2 <- as.numeric(gsub(pattern = ",", replacement = ".", data$X2))
data$X3 <- as.numeric(gsub(pattern = ",", replacement = ".", data$X3))

#Add a parameter tuning step using cross validation:
fit <- glmnet(x = data[,c("X1", "X2", "X3", "X4")],
              y =  data$Y,
              alpha = 0,
              lambda  = 1)

#Extract data to plot
plot_data <- data.frame(h = names(fit$beta[,1]), v = fit$beta[,1])

#Plot
ggplot(plot_data, aes(x=h, y=v))  
  geom_segment( aes(x=h, xend=h, y=0, yend=v), color="grey")  
  geom_point( color="orange", size=4)  
  theme_light()  
  theme(
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.border = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks.x = element_blank(),
    plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5), "cm"),
    axis.title.x = element_text(vjust=-2),
    axis.title.y = element_text(angle=90, vjust=3)
  )  
  xlab("Explanatory variable")  
  ylab("Regression coefficient")

但是，我如何制作一個顯示相同資訊的條形圖，可以通過顏色區分正條和負條？另外，在條形圖中，我如何在圖形的軸上插入負值？

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

這是將您的資料顯示為條形圖并按顏色區分正（灰色）和負（紅色）條的解決方案：

# Extract data to plot
plot_data <- data.frame(h = names(fit$beta[,1]), v = fit$beta[,1]) %>% 
  mutate(fillCol = ifelse(v < 0, "red", "gray"))

# Plot
ggplot(plot_data, aes(x=h, y=v))  
  geom_col(aes(h, v, fill = fillCol))  
  scale_fill_identity()  
  theme_light()  
  theme(
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.border = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks.x = element_blank(),
    plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5), "cm"),
    axis.title.x = element_text(vjust=-2),
    axis.title.y = element_text(angle=90, vjust=3)
  )  
  xlab("Explanatory variable")  
  ylab("Regression coefficient")

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