我是 Django 和 API 的新手，我想使用 Django Rest Framework 創建一個基于 Django 的 API。

這是我想要做的：

端點到年齡范圍報告：

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' localhost:8000/reports/employees/age/

回復：

{
    "younger": {
        "id": "1",
        "name": "Anakin Skywalker",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "department": "Architecture",
        "salary": "4000.00",
        "birth_date": "01-01-1983"},
    "older": {
        "id": "2",
        "name": "Obi-Wan Kenobi",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "department": "Back-End",
        "salary": "3000.00",
        "birth_date": "01-01-1977"},
    "average": "40.00"
}

工資范圍報告的端點：

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' localhost:8000/reports/employees/salary/

回復：

{
    "lowest ": {
        "id": "2",
        "name": "Obi-Wan Kenobi",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "department": "Back-End",
        "salary": "3000.00",
        "birth_date": "01-01-1977"},
    "highest": {
        "id": "3",
        "name": "Leia Organa",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "department": "DevOps",
        "salary": "5000.00",
        "birth_date": "01-01-1980"},
    "average": "4000.00"
}

我有兩個應用程式，employees和reports.

這是員工/models.py：

class Employee(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=250, default='FirstName LastName')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=250, default='[email protected]')
    departament = models.CharField(max_length=250, default='Full-Stack')
    salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    birth_date = models.DateField()

這是員工/serializers.py：

class EmployeeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Employee
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'email', 'departament', 'salary', 'birth_date']

我不確定如何為我的報表應用程式創建視圖和序列化程式。我應該如何處理這個？

如何在另一個欄位的值之間回傳一個額外的欄位？我應該在我的序列化程式中創建一個自定義欄位嗎？

通過閱讀檔案，我發現我應該使用的查詢應該是這樣的：

Employee.objects.aggregate(Max("salary"), Min("salary"), Avg("salary"))

或者，例如薪水：

Employee.objects.all().order_by('salary')

但是我將如何使用它呢？

我不知道在哪里使用或如何去做，因為我對 API 和 Django Rest Framework 的理解仍然非常缺乏。

它應該放在我的報告/view.py 中嗎？還是在我的員工/serializers.py中？

我應該創建一個報告/serializers.py檔案嗎？

我需要一個帶有, ,欄位和一個員工物件欄位的報告/模型類嗎？lowesthighestaverage

我應該在我的報告/views.py中覆寫我的班級的list()功能嗎？（這個類還不存在）ReportSalaryListAPIView

我非常迷茫和困惑。請幫我指出正確的方向。

先感謝您。

編輯：

我的employees/model.py現在看起來像這樣：

class Employee(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=250, default='FirstName LastName')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=250, default='[email protected]')
    departament = models.CharField(max_length=250, default='Full-Stack')
    salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    birth_date = models.DateField()

    @property
    def get_age(self):
        delta = relativedelta(self.birth_date.days, datetime.today()).years
        return delta

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.age = self.get_age()
        super(Employee, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

我的員工/serializers.py現在：

class EmployeeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Employee
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'email', 'departament', 'salary', 'birth_date', 'age']

為了以防萬一，我已經運行了makemigrationsandmigrate命令。manager.py

但是我現在在嘗試創建新員工時遇到了這個錯誤：

'datetime.date' object has no attribute 'days'

怎么了？

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

主意

不需要額外的欄位來存盤計算值，因為它們是根據資料庫中的行計算的。

1. 首先，您通過使用聚合方法找到min_salary、max_salary和。avg_salary
2. 使用 foundmin_salary和max_salary查找員工。
3. 實作一個序列化器類，用于序列化highest、lowest和average員工工資報告。
4. 使用已實作的序列化程式類對lowest、highest和avarage進行序列化。

代碼

在我看來，執行邏輯的代碼應該在另一層，通常稱為服務層。

# employees/services.py
class EmployeeSalaryReport:
    def __init__(self, lowest, highest, average):
        self.lowest = lowest
        self.highest = highest
        self.average = average

def get_employee_salary_report():
    salary_report_dict = Employee.objects.aggregate(
        min_salary=Min("salary"),
        max_salary=Max("salary"),
        avg_salary=Avg("salary"),
    )
    lowest_salary_employee = Employee.objects.filter(
        salary=salary_report_dict.get("min_salary")
    ).first()
    highest_salary_employee = Employee.objects.filter(
        salary=salary_report_dict.get("max_salary")
    ).first()
    return EmployeeSalaryReport(
        lowest=lowest_salary_employee,
        highest=highest_salary_employee,
        average=salary_report_dict.get("avg_salary"),
    )

# employees/serializers.py
class EmployeeSalaryReportSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    lowest = EmployeeSerializer()
    highest = EmployeeSerializer()
    average = serializers.FloatField()

# employees/views.py
from rest_framework import views
from rest_framework.response import Response

from employees.services import get_employee_salary_report
from employees.serializers import EmployeeSalaryReportSerializer


class ReportSalaryView(views.APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        employee_salary_report = get_employee_salary_report()
        serializer = EmployeeSalaryReportSerializer(employee_salary_report)
        return Response(serializer.data)

# employees/urls.py
from django.urls import path

from employees.views import ReportSalaryView


urlpatterns = [
    ...  # other paths
    path("reports/employees/salary/", ReportSalaryView.as_view(), name="report-salary"),
]

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