附022.Kubernetes_v1.18.3高可用部署架構一

kubeadm介紹

kubeadm概述

參考附003.Kubeadm部署Kubernetes，

kubeadm功能

參考附003.Kubeadm部署Kubernetes，

本方案描述

• 本方案采用kubeadm部署Kubernetes 1.18.3版本；
• etcd采用混部方式；
• Keepalived：實作VIP高可用；
• Nginx：以Pod形式運行與Kubernetes之上，即in Kubernetes模式，提供反向代理至3個master 6443埠；
• 其他主要部署組件包括：
  • Metrics：度量；
  • Dashboard：Kubernetes 圖形UI界面；
  • Helm：Kubernetes Helm包管理工具；
  • Ingress：Kubernetes 服務暴露；
  • Longhorn：Kubernetes 動態存盤組件，

部署規劃

節點規劃

Kubernetes的高可用主要指的是控制平面的高可用，即指多套Master節點組件和Etcd組件，作業節點通過負載均衡連接到各Master，

Kubernetes高可用架構中etcd與Master節點組件混布方式特點：

• Etcd混布方式
• 所需機器資源少
• 部署簡單，利于管理
• 容易進行橫向擴展
• 風險大，一臺宿主機掛了，master和etcd就都少了一套，集群冗余度受到的影響比較大，

提示：本實驗使用Keepalived+Nginx架構實作Kubernetes的高可用，

初始準備

[root@master01 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master01 #其他節點依次修改

[root@master01 ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.24.8.71 master01··
172.24.8.72 master02
172.24.8.73 master03
172.24.8.74 worker01
172.24.8.75 worker02
172.24.8.76 worker03
EOF

[root@master01 ~]# vi k8sinit.sh

#!/bin/sh
#****************************************************************#
# ScriptName: k8sinit.sh
# Author: xhy
# Create Date: 2020-05-30 16:30
# Modify Author: xhy
# Modify Date: 2020-05-30 16:30
# Version: 
#***************************************************************#
# Initialize the machine. This needs to be executed on every machine.

# Add docker user
useradd -m docker

# Disable the SELinux.
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# Turn off and disable the firewalld.
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# Modify related kernel parameters & Disable the swap.
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf >&/dev/null
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
modprobe br_netfilter

# Add ipvs modules
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

# Install rpm
yum install -y conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget

# Install Docker Compose
sudo curl -L "http://down.linuxsb.com:8888/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.4/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# Update kernel
rpm --import http://down.linuxsb.com:8888/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://down.linuxsb.com:8888/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install -y kernel-ml
sed -i 's/^GRUB_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_DEFAULT=0/' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
yum update -y

# Reboot the machine.
# reboot

提示：對于某些特性，可能需要升級內核，內核升級操作見《018.Linux升級內核》，4.19版及以上內核nf_conntrack_ipv4已經改為nf_conntrack，

互信配置

為了更方便遠程分發檔案和執行命令，本實驗配置master節點到其它節點的 ssh 信任關系，

[root@master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -N ''
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master01
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master02
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master03
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@worker01
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@worker02
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@worker03

提示：此操作僅需要在master節點操作，

其他準備

[root@master01 ~]# vi environment.sh

#!/bin/sh
#****************************************************************#
# ScriptName: environment.sh
# Author: xhy
# Create Date: 2020-05-30 16:30
# Modify Author: xhy
# Modify Date: 2020-05-30 16:30
# Version: 
#***************************************************************#
# 集群 MASTER 機器 IP 陣列
export MASTER_IPS=(172.24.8.71 172.24.8.72 172.24.8.73)

# 集群 MASTER IP 對應的主機名陣列
export MASTER_NAMES=(master01 master02 master03)

# 集群 NODE 機器 IP 陣列
export NODE_IPS=(172.24.8.74 172.24.8.75 172.24.8.76)

# 集群 NODE IP 對應的主機名陣列
export NODE_NAMES=(worker01 worker02 worker03)

# 集群所有機器 IP 陣列
export ALL_IPS=(172.24.8.71 172.24.8.72 172.24.8.73 172.24.8.74 172.24.8.75 172.24.8.76)

# 集群所有IP 對應的主機名陣列
export ALL_NAMES=(master01 master02 master03 worker01 worker02 worker03)

[root@master01 ~]# source environment.sh
[root@master01 ~]# chmod +x *.sh
[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    scp -rp /etc/hosts root@${all_ip}:/etc/hosts
    scp -rp k8sinit.sh root@${all_ip}:/root/
    ssh root@${all_ip} "bash /root/k8sinit.sh"
  done

集群部署

Docker安裝

[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "yum -y install docker-ce"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "mkdir /etc/docker"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  \"registry-mirrors\": [\"https://dbzucv6w.mirror.aliyuncs.com\"],
  \"exec-opts\": [\"native.cgroupdriver=systemd\"],
  \"log-driver\": \"json-file\",
  \"log-opts\": {
    \"max-size\": \"100m\"
  },
  \"storage-driver\": \"overlay2\",
  \"storage-opts\": [
    \"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true\"
  ]
}
EOF"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "systemctl restart docker"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "systemctl enable docker"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "systemctl status docker"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "iptables -nvL"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動化安裝，

相關組件包

需要在每臺機器上都安裝以下的軟體包：

• kubeadm: 用來初始化集群的指令；
• kubelet: 在集群中的每個節點上用來啟動 pod 和 container 等；
• kubectl: 用來與集群通信的命令列工具，

kubeadm不能安裝或管理 kubelet 或 kubectl ，所以得保證他們滿足通過 kubeadm 安裝的 Kubernetes控制層對版本的要求，如果版本沒有滿足要求，可能導致一些意外錯誤或問題，
具體相關組件安裝見；附001.kubectl介紹及使用書

提示：Kubernetes 1.18版本所有兼容相應組件的版本參考：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md，

正式安裝

[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "yum install -y kubeadm-1.18.3-0.x86_64 kubelet-1.18.3-0.x86_64 kubectl-1.18.3-0.x86_64 --disableexcludes=kubernetes"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "systemctl enable kubelet"
done

[root@master01 ~]# yum search -y kubelet --showduplicates #查看相應版本

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動化安裝，同時此時不需要啟動kubelet，初始化的程序中會自動啟動的，如果此時啟動了會出現報錯，忽略即可，

說明：同時安裝了cri-tools, kubernetes-cni, socat三個依賴：
socat：kubelet的依賴；
cri-tools：即CRI(Container Runtime Interface)容器運行時介面的命令列工具，

部署高可用組件I

Keepalived安裝

[root@master01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel openssl-devel"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "wget http://down.linuxsb.com:8888/software/keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "tar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "cd keepalived-2.0.20/ && ./configure --sysconf=/etc --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived && make && make install"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl start keepalived"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動化安裝，

創建組態檔

[root@master01 ~]# wget http://down.linuxsb.com:8888/ngkek8s.sh		#拉取自動部署腳本
[root@master01 ~]# chmod u+x ngkek8s.sh

[root@master01 ~]# vi ngkek8s.sh
#!/bin/sh
#****************************************************************#
# ScriptName: k8s_ha.sh
# Author: xhy
# Create Date: 2020-05-13 16:32
# Modify Author: xhy
# Modify Date: 2020-06-12 12:53
# Version: v2
#***************************************************************#

#######################################
# set variables below to create the config files, all files will create at ./config directory
#######################################

# master keepalived virtual ip address
export K8SHA_VIP=172.24.8.100

# master01 ip address
export K8SHA_IP1=172.24.8.71

# master02 ip address
export K8SHA_IP2=172.24.8.72

# master03 ip address
export K8SHA_IP3=172.24.8.73

# master01 hostname
export K8SHA_HOST1=master01

# master02 hostname
export K8SHA_HOST2=master02

# master03 hostname
export K8SHA_HOST3=master03

# master01 network interface name
export K8SHA_NETINF1=eth0

# master02 network interface name
export K8SHA_NETINF2=eth0

# master03 network interface name
export K8SHA_NETINF3=eth0

# keepalived auth_pass config
export K8SHA_KEEPALIVED_AUTH=412f7dc3bfed32194d1600c483e10ad1d

# kubernetes CIDR pod subnet
export K8SHA_PODCIDR=10.10.0.0

# kubernetes CIDR svc subnet
export K8SHA_SVCCIDR=10.20.0.0

[root@master01 ~]# ./ngkek8s.sh

解釋：如上僅需Master01節點操作，執行ngkek8s.sh腳本后，會自動生成以下組態檔：

• kubeadm-config.yaml：kubeadm初始化組態檔，位于當前目錄
• keepalived：keepalived組態檔，位于各個master節點的/etc/keepalived目錄
• nginx-lb：nginx-lb負載均衡組態檔，位于各個master節點的/etc/kubernetes/nginx-lb/目錄
• calico.yaml：calico網路組件部署檔案，位于config/calico/目錄

[root@master01 ~]# cat kubeadm-config.yaml		#檢查集群初始化配置
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.20.0.0/16"			     	#設定svc網段
  podSubnet: "10.10.0.0/16"			        #設定Pod網段
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
kubernetesVersion: "v1.18.3"			    	#設定安裝版本
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.24.8.100:16443"		#設定相關API VIP地址
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - master01
  - master02
  - master03
  - 127.0.0.1
  - 172.24.8.71
  - 172.24.8.72
  - 172.24.8.73
  - 172.24.8.100
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
certificatesDir: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
imageRepository: "k8s.gcr.io"
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
  SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，更多config檔案參考：https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2，
此kubeadm部署初始化配置更多參考：https://pkg.go.dev/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2?tab=doc，

啟動Keepalived

[root@master01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh	#確認Keepalived配置

[root@master01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl start keepalived.service && systemctl enable keepalived.service"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl status keepalived.service | grep Active"
  done

[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "ping -c1 172.24.8.100"
  done								#等待10s左右執行檢查

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動啟動服務，

啟動Nginx

執行ngkek8s.sh腳本后，nginx-lb的組態檔會自動復制到各個master的節點的/etc/kubernetes/nginx-lb目錄，

[root@master01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "cd /etc/kubernetes/nginx-lb/ && docker-compose up -d"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "docker-compose ps"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動啟動服務，

初始化集群-Master

拉取鏡像

[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm --kubernetes-version=v1.18.3 config images list #列出所需鏡像

[root@master01 ~]# cat config/downimage.sh			#確認版本，提前下載鏡像
#!/bin/sh
#****************************************************************#
# ScriptName: downimage.sh
# Author: xhy
# Create Date: 2020-05-29 19:55
# Modify Author: xhy
# Modify Date: 2020-05-30 16:07
# Version: v2
#***************************************************************#

KUBE_VERSION=v1.18.3
CALICO_VERSION=v3.14.1
CALICO_URL=calico
KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION=3.2
ETCD_VERSION=3.4.3-0
CORE_DNS_VERSION=1.6.7
GCR_URL=k8s.gcr.io
METRICS_SERVER_VERSION=v0.3.6
INGRESS_VERSION=0.32.0
CSI_PROVISIONER_VERSION=v1.4.0
CSI_NODE_DRIVER_VERSION=v1.2.0
CSI_ATTACHER_VERSION=v2.0.0
CSI_RESIZER_VERSION=v0.3.0 
ALIYUN_URL=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
UCLOUD_URL=uhub.service.ucloud.cn/uxhy
QUAY_URL=quay.io

kubeimages=(kube-proxy:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-scheduler:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-controller-manager:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-apiserver:${KUBE_VERSION}
pause:${KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION}
etcd:${ETCD_VERSION}
coredns:${CORE_DNS_VERSION}
metrics-server-amd64:${METRICS_SERVER_VERSION}
)

for kubeimageName in ${kubeimages[@]} ; do
docker pull $UCLOUD_URL/$kubeimageName
docker tag $UCLOUD_URL/$kubeimageName $GCR_URL/$kubeimageName
docker rmi $UCLOUD_URL/$kubeimageName
done

calimages=(cni:${CALICO_VERSION}
pod2daemon-flexvol:${CALICO_VERSION}
node:${CALICO_VERSION}
kube-controllers:${CALICO_VERSION})

for calimageName in ${calimages[@]} ; do
docker pull $UCLOUD_URL/$calimageName
docker tag $UCLOUD_URL/$calimageName $CALICO_URL/$calimageName
docker rmi $UCLOUD_URL/$calimageName
done

ingressimages=(nginx-ingress-controller:${INGRESS_VERSION})

for ingressimageName in ${ingressimages[@]} ; do
docker pull $UCLOUD_URL/$ingressimageName
docker tag $UCLOUD_URL/$ingressimageName $QUAY_URL/kubernetes-ingress-controller/$ingressimageName
docker rmi $UCLOUD_URL/$ingressimageName
done

csiimages=(csi-provisioner:${CSI_PROVISIONER_VERSION}
csi-node-driver-registrar:${CSI_NODE_DRIVER_VERSION}
csi-attacher:${CSI_ATTACHER_VERSION}
csi-resizer:${CSI_RESIZER_VERSION}
)

for csiimageName in ${csiimages[@]} ; do
docker pull $UCLOUD_URL/$csiimageName
docker tag $UCLOUD_URL/$csiimageName $QUAY_URL/k8scsi/$csiimageName
docker rmi $UCLOUD_URL/$csiimageName
done

[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    scp -rp config/downimage.sh root@${all_ip}:/root/
    ssh root@${all_ip} "bash downimage.sh &"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有節點自動拉取鏡像，
[root@master01 ~]# docker images #確認驗證

Master上初始化

[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs  

保留如下命令用于后續節點添加：
You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

  kubeadm join 172.24.8.100:16443 --token xb9wda.v0yf7tlsgo8mdrhk \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:249884d81a23bd821e38d3345866a99e6d55e443b545825c3c448f30f8e52c3b \
    --control-plane --certificate-key e30428776a47ed2c7e18c9e2951d9e40e068c9ecec5a4858457f1475f1a2a39a

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.24.8.100:16443 --token xb9wda.v0yf7tlsgo8mdrhk \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:249884d81a23bd821e38d3345866a99e6d55e443b545825c3c448f30f8e52c3b

注意：如上token具有默認24小時的有效期，token和hash值可通過如下方式獲取：
kubeadm token list
如果 Token 過期以后，可以輸入以下命令，生成新的 Token:

kubeadm token create
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'***

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master01 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master01 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

[root@master01 ~]# cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
EOF							#設定KUBECONFIG環境變數

[root@master01 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
[root@master01 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

附加：初始化程序大致步驟如下：

1. [kubelet-start] 生成kubelet的組態檔”/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml”
2. [certificates]生成相關的各種證書
3. [kubeconfig]生成相關的kubeconfig檔案
4. [bootstraptoken]生成token記錄下來，后邊使用kubeadm join往集群中添加節點時會用到

提示：初始化僅需要在master01上執行，若初始化例外可通過kubeadm reset && rm -rf $HOME/.kube重置，

添加其他master節點

[root@master02 ~]# kubeadm join 172.24.8.100:16443 --token xb9wda.v0yf7tlsgo8mdrhk \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:249884d81a23bd821e38d3345866a99e6d55e443b545825c3c448f30f8e52c3b \
    --control-plane --certificate-key e30428776a47ed2c7e18c9e2951d9e40e068c9ecec5a4858457f1475f1a2a39a

[root@master02 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master02 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master02 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 [root@master02 ~]# cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc`
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
EOF						               	#設定KUBECONFIG環境變數
[root@master02 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
[root@master02 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

提示：master03也如上執行添加至集群的controlplane，
提示：若添加例外可通過kubeadm reset && rm -rf $HOME/.kube重置，

安裝NIC插件

NIC插件介紹

• Calico 是一個安全的 L3 網路和網路策略提供者，
• Canal 結合 Flannel 和 Calico， 提供網路和網路策略，
• Cilium 是一個 L3 網路和網路策略插件， 能夠透明的實施 HTTP/API/L7 策略， 同時支持路由（routing）和疊加/封裝（ overlay/encapsulation）模式，
• Contiv 為多種用例提供可配置網路（使用 BGP 的原生 L3，使用 vxlan 的 overlay，經典 L2 和 Cisco-SDN/ACI）和豐富的策略框架，Contiv 專案完全開源，安裝工具同時提供基于和不基于 kubeadm 的安裝選項，
• Flannel 是一個可以用于 Kubernetes 的 overlay 網路提供者，
  +Romana 是一個 pod 網路的層 3 解決方案，并且支持 NetworkPolicy API，Kubeadm add-on 安裝細節可以在這里找到，
• Weave Net 提供了在網路分組兩端參與作業的網路和網路策略，并且不需要額外的資料庫，
• CNI-Genie 使 Kubernetes 無縫連接到一種 CNI 插件，例如：Flannel、Calico、Canal、Romana 或者 Weave，
  提示：本方案使用Calico插件，

設定標簽

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master- #允許master部署應用

提示：部署完內部應用后可使用kubectl taint node master01 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule重新設定Master為Master Only 狀態，

部署calico

[root@master01 ~]# cat config/calico/calico.yaml	#檢查配置
……
            - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
              value: "10.10.0.0/16"		        #檢查Pod網段
……
            - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
              value: "interface=eth.*"		     	#檢查節點之間的網卡
# Auto-detect the BGP IP address.
            - name: IP
              value: "autodetect"
……

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f config/calico/calico.yaml
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide		#查看部署
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes

修改node埠范圍

[root@master01 ~]# vi /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
……
    - --service-node-port-range=1-65535
……

部署高可用組件II

高可用說明

高可用kubernetes集群步驟三已完成配置，但是使用docker-compose方式啟動nginx-lb由于無法提供kubernetes集群的健康檢查和自動重啟功能，nginx-lb作為高可用kubernetes集群的核心組件建議也作為kubernetes集群中的一個pod來進行管理，

污點和標簽

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl taint node master01 node-`role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl taint node master02 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl taint node master03 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master01 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="true" --overwrite
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master02 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="true" --overwrite
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master02 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="true" --overwrite

容器化實作高可用

[root@master01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl stop kubelet"
    ssh root@${master_ip} "docker stop nginx-lb && docker rm nginx-lb"
    scp -rp /root/config/k8s-nginx-lb.yaml root@${master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/manifests/
    ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl restart kubelet docker"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有Master節點自動啟動服務，

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods -o wide | grep -E 'NAME|nginx'

添加Worker節點

添加Worker節點

[root@master01 ~]# source environment.sh

[root@master01 ~]# for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "kubeadm join 172.24.8.100:16443 --token xb9wda.v0yf7tlsgo8mdrhk \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:249884d81a23bd821e38d3345866a99e6d55e443b545825c3c448f30f8e52c3b"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl enable kubelet.service"
  done

提示：如上僅需Master01節點操作，從而實作所有Worker節點添加至集群，若添加例外可通過如下方式重置：

[root@node01 ~]# kubeadm reset
[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig cni0 down
[root@node01 ~]# ip link delete cni0
[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig flannel.1 down
[root@node01 ~]# ip link delete flannel.1
[root@node01 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/cni/

確認驗證

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes			         	#節點狀態
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get cs			             	#組件狀態
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get serviceaccount		     	        #服務賬戶
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl cluster-info			         	#集群資訊
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide	        #所有服務狀態

提示：更多Kubetcl使用參考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
更多kubeadm使用參考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

Metrics部署

Metrics

Kubernetes的早期版本依靠Heapster來實作完整的性能資料采集和監控功能，Kubernetes從1.8版本開始，性能資料開始以Metrics API的方式提供標準化介面，并且從1.10版本開始將Heapster替換為Metrics Server，在Kubernetes新的監控體系中，Metrics Server用于提供核心指標（Core Metrics），包括Node、Pod的CPU和記憶體使用指標，
對其他自定義指標（Custom Metrics）的監控則由Prometheus等組件來完成，

開啟聚合層

有關聚合層知識參考：https://blog.csdn.net/liukuan73/article/details/81352637
kubeadm方式部署默認已開啟，

獲取部署檔案

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir metrics
[root@master01 ~]# cd metrics/
[root@master01 metrics]# wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.3.6/components.yaml

[root@master01 metrics]# vi components.yaml
……
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
……
spec:
  replicas: 3						        	#根據集群規模調整副本數
……
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
……
      - name: metrics-server
        image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
          - --cert-dir=/tmp
          - --secure-port=4443
          - --kubelet-insecure-tls				        #追加此args
          - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,Hostname,InternalDNS,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP	#追加此args
……

正式部署

[root@master01 metrics]# kubectl apply -f components.yaml
[root@master01 metrics]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l k8s-app=metrics-server
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
metrics-server-7b97647899-ghnxw   1/1     Running   0          11s
metrics-server-7b97647899-nqwvq   1/1     Running   0          10s
metrics-server-7b97647899-zkmxs   1/1     Running   0          10s

查看資源監控

[root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl top nodes
[root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl top pods --all-namespaces

提示：Metrics Server提供的資料也可以供HPA控制器使用，以實作基于CPU使用率或記憶體使用值的Pod自動擴縮容功能，
部署參考：https://linux48.com/container/2019-11-13-metrics-server.html
有關metrics更多部署參考：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-metrics-pipeline/
開啟開啟API Aggregation參考：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation/
API Aggregation介紹參考：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer/

Nginx ingress部署

參考附020.Nginx-ingress部署及使用，建議采用社區版，

Dashboard部署

設定標簽

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master01 dashboard=yes
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master02 dashboard=yes
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes master03 dashboard=yes

創建證書

本實驗已獲取免費一年的證書，免費證書獲取可參考：https://freessl.cn，

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /root/dashboard/certs
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/dashboard/certs
[root@master01 certs]# mv k8s.odocker.com tls.crt
[root@master01 certs]# mv k8s.odocker.com tls.crt
[root@master01 certs]# ll
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.9K Jun  8 11:46 tls.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.7K Jun  8 11:46 tls.ke

提示：也可手動如下操作創建自簽證書：

[root@master01 ~]# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=ZheJiang/L=HangZhou/O=Xianghy/OU=Xianghy/CN=k8s.odocker.com"

手動創建secret

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard	#v2版本dashboard獨立ns
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=$HOME/dashboard/certs/ -n kubernetes-dashboard
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard -o yaml		#查看新證書`

下載yaml

[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/dashboard
[root@master01 dashboard]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

修改yaml

[root@master01 dashboard]# vi recommended.yaml
……
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort			       	#新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001				#新增
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
……						#如下全部注釋
#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
#type: Opaque
……
kind: Deployment
……
  replicas: 3					        #適當調整為3副本
……
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent		        #修改鏡像下載策略
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            - --tls-key-file=tls.key
            - --tls-cert-file=tls.crt
            - --token-ttl=3600	       		        #追加如上args
……
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
        "dashboard": "yes"	        		#部署在master節點
……
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort	             			#新增
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      nodePort: 30000		         		#新增
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:                                                                                  
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
……
   replicas: 3			            		#適當調整為3副本
……
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
        "dashboard": "yes"	        		#部署在master節點
……

正式部署

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get services -n kubernetes-dashboard
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n kubernetes-dashboard

提示：master01 NodePort 30001/TCP映射到 dashboard pod 443 埠，

創建管理員賬戶

提示：dashboard v2版本默認沒有創建具有管理員權限的賬戶，可如下操作創建，

[root@master01 dashboard]# vi dashboard-admin.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin.yaml

ingress暴露dashboard

創建ingress tls

[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/dashboard/certs
[root@master01 certs]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create secret tls kubernetes-dashboard-tls --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
[root@master01 certs]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secrets kubernetes-dashboard-tls

創建ingress策略

[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/dashboard/
[root@master01 dashboard]# vi dashboard-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-ingress
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "600"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "600"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "600"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/configuration-snippet: |
      proxy_ssl_session_reuse off;
spec:
  rules:
  - host: k8s.odocker.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
          servicePort: 443
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - k8s.odocker.com
    secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-tls

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-ingress.yaml
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get ingress

訪問dashboard

匯入證書

將k8s.odocker.com匯入瀏覽器，并設定為信任，匯入操作略，

創建kubeconfig檔案

使用token相對復雜，可將token添加至kubeconfig檔案中，使用KubeConfig檔案訪問dashboard，

[root@master01 dashboard]# ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}') 
[root@master01 dashboard]# DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret -n kubernetes-dashboard ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}') 
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=172.24.8.100:16443 \
  --kubeconfig=local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig		# 設定集群引數
 [root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl config set-credentials dashboard_user \
  --token=${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig		# 設定客戶端認證引數，使用上面創建的 Token
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=dashboard_user \
  --kubeconfig=local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig		# 設定背景關系引數
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig		# 設定默認背景關系

將local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig檔案匯入，以便于瀏覽器使用該檔案登錄，

測驗訪問dashboard

本實驗采用ingress所暴露的域名：https://k8s.odocker.com 方式訪問，使用local-ngkek8s-dashboard-admin.kubeconfig檔案訪問，

提示：
更多dashboard訪問方式及認證可參考附004.Kubernetes Dashboard簡介及使用，
dashboard登錄整個流程可參考：https://www.cnadn.net/post/2613.html

Longhorn存盤部署

Longhorn概述

Longhorn是用于Kubernetes的開源分布式塊存盤系統，
提示：更多介紹參考：https://github.com/longhorn/longhorn，

Longhorn部署

[root@master01 ~]# source environment.sh
[root@master01 ~]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
    ssh root@${all_ip} "yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils &"
  done

提示：所有節點都需要安裝，

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir longhorn
[root@master01 ~]# cd longhorn/
[root@master01 longhorn]# wget \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/longhorn/longhorn/master/deploy/longhorn.yaml

[root@master01 longhorn]# vi longhorn.yaml
#……
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: longhorn-ui
  name: longhorn-frontend
  namespace: longhorn-system
spec:
  type: NodePort			#修改為nodeport
  selector:
    app: longhorn-ui
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8000
    nodePort: 30002
---
……
kind: DaemonSet
……
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
……
#……

[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl apply -f longhorn.yaml
[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl -n longhorn-system get pods -o wide

提示：若部署例外可洗掉重建，若出現無法洗掉namespace，可通過如下操作進行洗掉：

wget https://github.com/longhorn/longhorn/blob/master/uninstall/uninstall.yaml
rm -rf /var/lib/longhorn/
kubectl apply -f uninstall.yaml
kubectl delete -f longhorn.yaml

動態sc創建

提示：默認longhorn部署完成已創建一個sc，也可通過如下手動撰寫yaml創建，

 [root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl get sc
NAME                   PROVISIONER             RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
……
longhorn               driver.longhorn.io      Delete          Immediate              true                   15m

[root@master01 longhorn]# vi longhornsc.yaml
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: longhornsc
provisioner: rancher.io/longhorn
parameters:
  numberOfReplicas: "3"
  staleReplicaTimeout: "30"
  fromBackup: "" 

[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl create -f longhornsc.yaml

測驗PV及PVC

[root@master01 longhorn]# vi longhornpod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: longhorn-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: longhorn
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: longhorn-pod
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: volume-test
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    volumeMounts:
    - name: volv
      mountPath: /data
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
  volumes:
  - name: volv
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: longhorn-pvc

[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl apply -f longhornpod.yaml
[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl get pods
[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl get pvc
[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl get pv

創建ingress訪問UI

[root@master01 longhorn]# yum -y install httpd-tools
[root@master01 longhorn]# htpasswd -c auth xhy			#創建用戶名和密碼

提示：也可通過如下命令創建：
USER=xhy; PASSWORD=x120952576; echo "${USER}:$(openssl passwd -stdin -apr1 <<< ${PASSWORD})" >> auth

[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl -n longhorn-system create secret generic longhorn-basic-auth --from-file=auth

[root@master01 longhorn]# vi longhorn-ingress.yaml		#創建ingress規則
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: longhorn-ingress
  namespace: longhorn-system
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: longhorn-basic-auth
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: 'Authentication Required '
spec:
  rules:
  - host: longhorn.odocker.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: longhorn-frontend
          servicePort: 80

[root@master01 longhorn]# kubectl apply -f longhorn-ingress.yaml

確認驗證

瀏覽器訪問：longhorn.odocker.com，并輸入賬號和密碼，

登錄查看，

Helm安裝

參考053.集群管理-Helm工具

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