12.Django-admin-有解無憂

細說Django的admin

在admin.py中只需要將地Model中某個類注冊,即可在Admin中進行增刪查改的功能,例如:

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

這種方式比較簡單,如果想要進行更多的定制操作,就需要利用ModelAdmin進行操作

方式一

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
        
admin.site.register(models.Book,BookAdmin)

沒有設定BookAdmin時,系統默認為ModelAdmin

models.Book實際上是一個串列,也可以寫成

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
        
admin.site.register([models.Book,],BookAdmin)

這個引數里可以寫多個表名,但要注意的是這里面添加的表名都必須要有list_display中宣告要顯示的欄位

方式二

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')

在ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制的功能

定制admin

1.list_display:顯示串列時,定制顯示的列

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')

在后臺管理頁面中,顯示書的名稱,價格以及出版社等資訊

在class類中還有如下用法:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','aaa')
    
    def aaa(self,obj):
        return obj.title+"--aaaa"

顯示如下

2.list_display_links:串列時,定制列可以點擊跳轉

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    list_display_links = ('title','price','publish')

在后臺頁面顯示的時候,所顯示的列為可以點擊跳轉

3.list_filter:串列時，定制右側快速篩選

例子一:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    list_filter = ('classification','publish')

效果如下:

例子二:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    
    class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
    
        title=uget('型別')
    
        parameter_name = "book"
    
        def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
            """
            顯示篩選選項,列出價格大于100的書箱的型別
            :param request:
            :param model_admin:
            :return:
            """
            return models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=100).values_list("publish","classification")
    
    	def queryset(self, request, queryset):
            """
            點擊查詢時,進行篩選
            :param request:
            :param queryset:
            :return:
            """
            v1=self.value()
            return queryset
    
    list_filter = ["publish",Ugg,]

效果如下:

4.list_select_related:串列時，連表查詢是否自動select_related

使用聯表查詢可以提高資料庫的查詢性能

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    list_select_related = ["publish"]   # 聯表查詢出版社的資訊

5. 分頁相關

list_per_page=10            # 分頁,每頁顯示的資料條數
list_max_show_all=100       # 分頁,顯示全部資料時,最多顯示的資料條數
paginator=Paginator         # 分布插件

例如:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    list_per_page = 2

效果如下:

6. list_editable:串列時，可以編輯的列

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    
    list_editable = ('price','publish')

效果如下:

7. search_fields:串列時，模糊搜索的功能

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    search_fields = ['title','classification']

效果如下:

8. date_hierarchy:串列時，對Date和DateTime型別進行搜索

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    date_hierarchy="publication_date"

效果如下:

9. preserve_filters:詳細頁面，洗掉、修改，更新后跳轉回串列后，是否保留原搜索條件

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    search_fields = ['title', 'classification']
    
    preserve_filters=True

效果如下:

10. save_as = False:詳細頁面，按鈕為“Save as new” 或 “Save and add another”

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    save_as = True

效果如下:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    save_as = False

效果如下:

11. save_as_continue = True:點擊保存并繼續編輯

用法與上一個用法相同

12. save_on_top = False:詳細頁面，在頁面上方是否也顯示保存洗掉等按鈕

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    save_on_top = False

效果如下:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','publish','publication_date')
    
    list_select_related = ["publish"]
    
    save_on_top = True

效果如下:

13. inlines:詳細頁面，如果有其他表和當前表做FK，那么詳細頁面可以進行動態增加和洗掉

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price')
    
    
class BookInline(admin.StackedInline):
    extra=0
    model=models.Book
    
class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [BookInline,]
    list_display = ['name','addr']
    
admin.site.register(models.Publish,PublishAdmin)

效果如下:

在編輯或添加出版社的時候可以同時添加多本書箱資料,添加書籍資訊的時候是縱向添加書籍資訊的

在這里BookInline這個類還可以繼承TabularInline這個類實作橫向添加書籍資訊

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price')
    
    
class BookInline(admin.TabularInline):
    extra=0
    model=models.Book
    
class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [BookInline,]
    list_display = ['name','addr']
    
admin.site.register(models.Publish,PublishAdmin)

效果如下:

14. action:串列時，定制action中的操作

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price')
    
    def func1(self,request,queryset):       # 定義具體的action的方法
        pass
    
    func1.short_description = "自定義操作"   # 在頁面上顯示方法的名稱
    
    actions_on_top = True                   # action在頁面上方顯示
    
    actions_on_bottom = False               # action在頁面下方顯示
    
    actions_selection_counter = True        # 顯示頁面上選擇資料的條數
    
    actions=[func1,]                        # 添加定制的action的操作

在action串列中,添加一個func1的功能

15. 定制HTML模板

Django后臺管理頁面默認使用的模板是change_list.html

打開change_list.html頁面,添加一行

<h3>hello python</h3>

重繪瀏覽器,可以看到

可以設定的選項有:

add_form_template = None                        # 添加資料的模板 
change_form_template = None                     # 修改資料的模板
change_list_template = None                     # 顯示資料的模板
delete_confirmation_template = None             # 洗掉資料時確認頁面的模板
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None    # 選中之后洗掉的確認頁面
object_history_template = None                  # 有ForeignKey時關聯資料進行處理的模板

例子:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price')
    
    change_list_template = ['change_list1.html']

效果如下:

16. raw_id_fields:詳細頁面，針對FK和M2M欄位變成以Input框形式

正常顯示的時候,FK和M2M欄位是通過下拉框來進行操作的

添加raw_id_fields配置后,針對FK和M2M欄位變成以Input框形式

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title','price','classification')
    
    raw_id_fields = ('publish','authors')

效果如下:

17. fields:詳細頁面時，顯示的欄位

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        
    fields = ('title','price')

效果如下:

18. exclude:詳細頁面時，排除的欄位

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    
    exclude = ('classification',)

效果如下:

19. readonly_fields:詳細頁面時，只讀欄位

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        
    readonly_fields = ('classification',)

效果如下:

20. fieldsets:詳細頁面時，使用fieldsets標簽對資料進行分割顯示

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    
    fieldsets = (
        ("基本資訊",{
            "fields":("title","price","publish",)
        }),
        ("出版資訊",{
            "classes":("collapse","wide","extrapretty"),
            "fields":("classification","authors","publication_date",)
        }),
    )

效果如下:

21. 詳細頁面時，M2M顯示時，資料移動選擇(方向:上下和左右)

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    filter_vertical = ("authors",)

效果如下:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    filter_horizontal = ("authors",)

效果如下:

22. ordering:串列時，資料排序規則

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    ordering=("-price",)

效果如下:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")

    ordering=("price",)

效果如下:

23. view_on_site:編輯時，是否在頁面上顯示view on set

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    def view_on_site(self,obj):
    
		return "http://www.baidu.com"

點擊view on set按鈕,瀏覽器會指向"http://www.baidu.com"

24. radio_fields:詳細頁面時，使用radio顯示選項（FK默認使用select）

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    radio_fields = {"publish":admin.VERTICAL}

效果如下:

25. show_full_result_count = True:串列時，模糊搜索后面顯示的資料個數樣式

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    search_fields = ('title','classification')
    
    show_full_result_count = True

效果如下:

26. formfield_overrides = {}:詳細頁面時，指定現實插件

27. prepopulated_fields = {}:添加頁面，當在某欄位填入值后，自動會將值填充到指定欄位

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    search_fields = ('title','classification')
    
    prepopulated_fields = {"title":("classification",)}

效果如下:

28. form = ModelForm:用于定制用戶請求時候表單驗證

未進行配置之前:

修改組態檔:

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
    
class MyForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Book
        fields="__all__"
        error_messages = {
            "title": {'required': "書名不能為空"},
            "price": {'required': "價格不能為空"}
        }  # 自定義錯誤資訊，用戶輸入錯誤時顯示
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    search_fields = ('title','classification')
    
    form=MyForm

效果如下:

29. empty_value_display = "列資料為空時，顯示默認值"

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    search_fields = ('title','classification')
    
    empty_value_display="列資料為空時,默認顯示"

總結:

在定制admin的所有的操作的時候都是在組態檔中完成的.
在組態檔中,可以進行配置的有資料表的欄位,函式和類
在某個頁面中,可以配置使用自定義的模板.
同樣的,請求到達Django的時候,也可以配置使其執行自定義的函式

ModelAdmin是放置在options.py檔案中的.

打開options.py檔案,可以看到ModelAdmin里有一個叫做changelist_view的方法

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
    
@admin.register(models.Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","classification","publish")
    
    search_fields = ('title','classification')
    
    empty_value_display="列資料為空時,默認顯示"

可以看到,BookAdmin是繼承自ModelAdmin這個類的,ModelAdmin里有一個changelist_view 的方法

所以在BookAdmin中也可以自定義一個changelist_view的視圖函式.

自定義了changelist_view后,changelist_view這個方法只能對BookAdmin類生效,對別的類不起作用

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標籤：Python

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