1. sklearn資料集
1.1 資料集劃分
機器學習一般的資料集會劃分為兩個部分:
訓練資料:用于訓練,構建模型
測驗資料:在模型檢驗時使用,用于評估模型是否有效
sklearn資料集劃分API:sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split
1.2 sklearn資料集介面介紹
scikit-learn資料集API介紹:
sklearn.datasets
- 加載獲取流行資料集
- datasets.load_*()
- 獲取小規模資料集,資料包含在datasets里
- datasets.fetch_*(data_home=None)
- 獲取大規模資料集,需要從網路上下載,函式的第一個引數是data_home,表示資料集
- 下載的目錄,默認是 ~/scikit_learn_data/
獲取資料集回傳的型別:
load*和fetch*回傳的資料型別datasets.base.Bunch(字典格式)
- data:特征資料陣列,是[n_samples * n_features]的二維numpy.ndarray陣列
- target:標簽陣列,是n_samples的一維numpy.ndarray陣列
- DESCR:資料描述
- feature_names:特征名,新聞資料,手寫數字、回歸資料集沒有
- target_names:標簽名,回歸資料集沒有
1.3 sklearn分類資料集
sklearn.datasets.load_iris():加載并回傳鳶尾花資料集,

sklearn.datasets.load_digits():加載并回傳數字資料集,

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris li = load_iris() print("獲取特征值") print(li.data) print("目標值") print(li.target) print(li.DESCR)
運行結果:
獲取特征值 [[5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2] [4.9 3. 1.4 0.2] [4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2] [4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2] [5. 3.6 1.4 0.2] [5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4] [4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3] [5. 3.4 1.5 0.2] [4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2] [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1] [5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2] [4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2] [4.8 3. 1.4 0.1] [4.3 3. 1.1 0.1] [5.8 4. 1.2 0.2] [5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4] [5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4] [5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3] [5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3] [5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3] [5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2] [5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4] [4.6 3.6 1. 0.2] [5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5] [4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2] [5. 3. 1.6 0.2] [5. 3.4 1.6 0.4] [5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2] [5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2] [4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2] [4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2] [5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4] [5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1] [5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2] [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2] [5. 3.2 1.2 0.2] [5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2] [4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1] [4.4 3. 1.3 0.2] [5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2] [5. 3.5 1.3 0.3] [4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3] [4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2] [5. 3.5 1.6 0.6] [5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4] [4.8 3. 1.4 0.3] [5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2] [4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2] [5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2] [5. 3.3 1.4 0.2] [7. 3.2 4.7 1.4] [6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5] [6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5] [5.5 2.3 4. 1.3] [6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5] [5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3] [6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6] [4.9 2.4 3.3 1. ] [6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3] [5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4] [5. 2. 3.5 1. ] [5.9 3. 4.2 1.5] [6. 2.2 4. 1. ] [6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4] [5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3] [6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4] [5.6 3. 4.5 1.5] [5.8 2.7 4.1 1. ] [6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5] [5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1] [5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8] [6.1 2.8 4. 1.3] [6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5] [6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2] [6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3] [6.6 3. 4.4 1.4] [6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4] [6.7 3. 5. 1.7] [6. 2.9 4.5 1.5] [5.7 2.6 3.5 1. ] [5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1] [5.5 2.4 3.7 1. ] [5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2] [6. 2.7 5.1 1.6] [5.4 3. 4.5 1.5] [6. 3.4 4.5 1.6] [6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5] [6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3] [5.6 3. 4.1 1.3] [5.5 2.5 4. 1.3] [5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2] [6.1 3. 4.6 1.4] [5.8 2.6 4. 1.2] [5. 2.3 3.3 1. ] [5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3] [5.7 3. 4.2 1.2] [5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3] [6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3] [5.1 2.5 3. 1.1] [5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3] [6.3 3.3 6. 2.5] [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9] [7.1 3. 5.9 2.1] [6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8] [6.5 3. 5.8 2.2] [7.6 3. 6.6 2.1] [4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7] [7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8] [6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8] [7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5] [6.5 3.2 5.1 2. ] [6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9] [6.8 3. 5.5 2.1] [5.7 2.5 5. 2. ] [5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4] [6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3] [6.5 3. 5.5 1.8] [7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2] [7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3] [6. 2.2 5. 1.5] [6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3] [5.6 2.8 4.9 2. ] [7.7 2.8 6.7 2. ] [6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8] [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1] [7.2 3.2 6. 1.8] [6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8] [6.1 3. 4.9 1.8] [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1] [7.2 3. 5.8 1.6] [7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9] [7.9 3.8 6.4 2. ] [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2] [6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5] [6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4] [7.7 3. 6.1 2.3] [6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4] [6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8] [6. 3. 4.8 1.8] [6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1] [6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4] [6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3] [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9] [6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3] [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5] [6.7 3. 5.2 2.3] [6.3 2.5 5. 1.9] [6.5 3. 5.2 2. ] [6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3] [5.9 3. 5.1 1.8]] 目標值 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2] .. _iris_dataset: Iris plants dataset -------------------- **Data Set Characteristics:** :Number of Instances: 150 (50 in each of three classes) :Number of Attributes: 4 numeric, predictive attributes and the class :Attribute Information: - sepal length in cm - sepal width in cm - petal length in cm - petal width in cm - class: - Iris-Setosa - Iris-Versicolour - Iris-Virginica :Summary Statistics: ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ==================== Min Max Mean SD Class Correlation ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ==================== sepal length: 4.3 7.9 5.84 0.83 0.7826 sepal width: 2.0 4.4 3.05 0.43 -0.4194 petal length: 1.0 6.9 3.76 1.76 0.9490 (high!) petal width: 0.1 2.5 1.20 0.76 0.9565 (high!) ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ==================== :Missing Attribute Values: None :Class Distribution: 33.3% for each of 3 classes. :Creator: R.A. Fisher :Donor: Michael Marshall (MARSHALL%[email protected]) :Date: July, 1988 The famous Iris database, first used by Sir R.A. Fisher. The dataset is taken from Fisher's paper. Note that it's the same as in R, but not as in the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which has two wrong data points. This is perhaps the best known database to be found in the pattern recognition literature. Fisher's paper is a classic in the field and is referenced frequently to this day. (See Duda & Hart, for example.) The data set contains 3 classes of 50 instances each, where each class refers to a type of iris plant. One class is linearly separable from the other 2; the latter are NOT linearly separable from each other. .. topic:: References - Fisher, R.A. "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" Annual Eugenics, 7, Part II, 179-188 (1936); also in "Contributions to Mathematical Statistics" (John Wiley, NY, 1950). - Duda, R.O., & Hart, P.E. (1973) Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis. (Q327.D83) John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-22361-1. See page 218. - Dasarathy, B.V. (1980) "Nosing Around the Neighborhood: A New System Structure and Classification Rule for Recognition in Partially Exposed Environments". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. PAMI-2, No. 1, 67-71. - Gates, G.W. (1972) "The Reduced Nearest Neighbor Rule". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1972, 431-433. - See also: 1988 MLC Proceedings, 54-64. Cheeseman et al"s AUTOCLASS II conceptual clustering system finds 3 classes in the data. - Many, many more ...
1.4 資料集進行分割
sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split(*arrays, **options)
x:資料集的特征值
y: 資料集的標簽值
test_size: 測驗集的大小,一般為float
random_state: 亂數種子,不同的種子會造成不同的隨機采樣結果,相同的種子采樣結果相同,
return:訓練集特征值,測驗集特征值,訓練標簽,測驗標簽(默認隨機取)
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split li = load_iris() # 注意回傳值, 訓練集 train x_train, y_train 測驗集 test x_test, y_test x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(li.data, li.target, test_size=0.25) print("訓練集特征值和目標值:", x_train, y_train) print("測驗集特征值和目標值:", x_test, y_test)
運行結果:
訓練集特征值和目標值: [[5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2] [6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4] [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9] [5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2] [6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4] [5.9 3. 4.2 1.5] [5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3] [4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2] [6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5] [6.1 3. 4.6 1.4] [4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2] [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9] [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2] [7.6 3. 6.6 2.1] [6.6 3. 4.4 1.4] [4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2] [5.7 2.5 5. 2. ] [5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4] [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1] [5.7 2.6 3.5 1. ] [5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3] [6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4] [5.6 3. 4.1 1.3] [5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2] [4.6 3.6 1. 0.2] [5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3] [6. 3. 4.8 1.8] [6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3] [7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8] [5. 3. 1.6 0.2] [4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2] [6.3 2.5 5. 1.9] [5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2] [5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5] [6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3] [4.8 3. 1.4 0.3] [5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4] [6.7 3. 5.2 2.3] [4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2] [7.1 3. 5.9 2.1] [6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5] [6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8] [5. 3.4 1.6 0.4] [6. 2.7 5.1 1.6] [6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5] [5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4] [6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8] [5. 3.2 1.2 0.2] [6. 3.4 4.5 1.6] [6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8] [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1] [5.8 2.7 4.1 1. ] [5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2] [7.2 3. 5.8 1.6] [5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4] [6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5] [4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2] [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1] [4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3] [5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4] [6. 2.9 4.5 1.5] [6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4] [5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8] [5.1 2.5 3. 1.1] [6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3] [7.9 3.8 6.4 2. ] [4.4 3. 1.3 0.2] [6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1] [5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3] [5.4 3. 4.5 1.5] [6.8 3. 5.5 2.1] [6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5] [4.9 2.4 3.3 1. ] [5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1] [6.5 3. 5.5 1.8] [6. 2.2 4. 1. ] [5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2] [4.3 3. 1.1 0.1] [5.6 3. 4.5 1.5] [6. 2.2 5. 1.5] [4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2] [6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5] [5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1] [5. 3.5 1.6 0.6] [5.5 2.3 4. 1.3] [5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4] [6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3] [5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2] [5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3] [6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8] [5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2] [7.2 3.2 6. 1.8] [5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3] [6.7 3. 5. 1.7] [6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3] [6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3] [6.1 3. 4.9 1.8] [4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7] [5.8 2.6 4. 1.2] [4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2] [5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3] [4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3] [6.1 2.8 4. 1.3] [7.7 2.8 6.7 2. ] [6.5 3. 5.2 2. ] [4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1] [6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2] [5. 3.5 1.3 0.3] [6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3] [5. 3.3 1.4 0.2] [5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3] [4.9 3. 1.4 0.2]] [0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0] 測驗集特征值和目標值: [[7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3] [6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3] [5.5 2.5 4. 1.3] [5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2] [5.7 3. 4.2 1.2] [5. 3.4 1.5 0.2] [7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5] [5.5 2.4 3.7 1. ] [5. 2. 3.5 1. ] [5.9 3. 5.1 1.8] [6.5 3. 5.8 2.2] [5. 2.3 3.3 1. ] [4.8 3. 1.4 0.1] [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2] [5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1] [7.7 3. 6.1 2.3] [5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4] [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5] [7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2] [7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9] [5.8 4. 1.2 0.2] [6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4] [6.3 3.3 6. 2.5] [6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9] [5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2] [5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2] [6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4] [4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2] [5.6 2.8 4.9 2. ] [6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3] [5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2] [5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4] [5. 3.6 1.4 0.2] [6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8] [7. 3.2 4.7 1.4] [6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5] [6.5 3.2 5.1 2. ] [6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6]] [2 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 1]
1.5 用于分類的大資料集
sklearn.datasets.fetch_20newsgroups(data_home=None,subset=‘train’)
subset: 'train'或者'test','all',可選,選擇要加載的資料集,
訓練集的“訓練”,測驗集的“測驗”,兩者的“全部”
datasets.clear_data_home(data_home=None):清除目錄下的資料
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups news = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='all') print(news.data) print(news.target)
第一次運行會下載檔案,需要很久的時間,下載才的資料也比較龐大,

1.6 sklearn回歸資料集
sklearn.datasets.load_boston():加載并回傳波士頓房價資料集,

sklearn.datasets.load_diabetes():加載和回傳糖尿病資料集,

from sklearn.datasets import load_boston lb = load_boston() print("獲取特征值") print(lb.data) print("目標值") print(lb.target) print(lb.DESCR)
運行結果:
獲取特征值 [[6.3200e-03 1.8000e+01 2.3100e+00 ... 1.5300e+01 3.9690e+02 4.9800e+00] [2.7310e-02 0.0000e+00 7.0700e+00 ... 1.7800e+01 3.9690e+02 9.1400e+00] [2.7290e-02 0.0000e+00 7.0700e+00 ... 1.7800e+01 3.9283e+02 4.0300e+00] ... [6.0760e-02 0.0000e+00 1.1930e+01 ... 2.1000e+01 3.9690e+02 5.6400e+00] [1.0959e-01 0.0000e+00 1.1930e+01 ... 2.1000e+01 3.9345e+02 6.4800e+00] [4.7410e-02 0.0000e+00 1.1930e+01 ... 2.1000e+01 3.9690e+02 7.8800e+00]] 目標值 [24. 21.6 34.7 33.4 36.2 28.7 22.9 27.1 16.5 18.9 15. 18.9 21.7 20.4 18.2 19.9 23.1 17.5 20.2 18.2 13.6 19.6 15.2 14.5 15.6 13.9 16.6 14.8 18.4 21. 12.7 14.5 13.2 13.1 13.5 18.9 20. 21. 24.7 30.8 34.9 26.6 25.3 24.7 21.2 19.3 20. 16.6 14.4 19.4 19.7 20.5 25. 23.4 18.9 35.4 24.7 31.6 23.3 19.6 18.7 16. 22.2 25. 33. 23.5 19.4 22. 17.4 20.9 24.2 21.7 22.8 23.4 24.1 21.4 20. 20.8 21.2 20.3 28. 23.9 24.8 22.9 23.9 26.6 22.5 22.2 23.6 28.7 22.6 22. 22.9 25. 20.6 28.4 21.4 38.7 43.8 33.2 27.5 26.5 18.6 19.3 20.1 19.5 19.5 20.4 19.8 19.4 21.7 22.8 18.8 18.7 18.5 18.3 21.2 19.2 20.4 19.3 22. 20.3 20.5 17.3 18.8 21.4 15.7 16.2 18. 14.3 19.2 19.6 23. 18.4 15.6 18.1 17.4 17.1 13.3 17.8 14. 14.4 13.4 15.6 11.8 13.8 15.6 14.6 17.8 15.4 21.5 19.6 15.3 19.4 17. 15.6 13.1 41.3 24.3 23.3 27. 50. 50. 50. 22.7 25. 50. 23.8 23.8 22.3 17.4 19.1 23.1 23.6 22.6 29.4 23.2 24.6 29.9 37.2 39.8 36.2 37.9 32.5 26.4 29.6 50. 32. 29.8 34.9 37. 30.5 36.4 31.1 29.1 50. 33.3 30.3 34.6 34.9 32.9 24.1 42.3 48.5 50. 22.6 24.4 22.5 24.4 20. 21.7 19.3 22.4 28.1 23.7 25. 23.3 28.7 21.5 23. 26.7 21.7 27.5 30.1 44.8 50. 37.6 31.6 46.7 31.5 24.3 31.7 41.7 48.3 29. 24. 25.1 31.5 23.7 23.3 22. 20.1 22.2 23.7 17.6 18.5 24.3 20.5 24.5 26.2 24.4 24.8 29.6 42.8 21.9 20.9 44. 50. 36. 30.1 33.8 43.1 48.8 31. 36.5 22.8 30.7 50. 43.5 20.7 21.1 25.2 24.4 35.2 32.4 32. 33.2 33.1 29.1 35.1 45.4 35.4 46. 50. 32.2 22. 20.1 23.2 22.3 24.8 28.5 37.3 27.9 23.9 21.7 28.6 27.1 20.3 22.5 29. 24.8 22. 26.4 33.1 36.1 28.4 33.4 28.2 22.8 20.3 16.1 22.1 19.4 21.6 23.8 16.2 17.8 19.8 23.1 21. 23.8 23.1 20.4 18.5 25. 24.6 23. 22.2 19.3 22.6 19.8 17.1 19.4 22.2 20.7 21.1 19.5 18.5 20.6 19. 18.7 32.7 16.5 23.9 31.2 17.5 17.2 23.1 24.5 26.6 22.9 24.1 18.6 30.1 18.2 20.6 17.8 21.7 22.7 22.6 25. 19.9 20.8 16.8 21.9 27.5 21.9 23.1 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 13.8 13.8 15. 13.9 13.3 13.1 10.2 10.4 10.9 11.3 12.3 8.8 7.2 10.5 7.4 10.2 11.5 15.1 23.2 9.7 13.8 12.7 13.1 12.5 8.5 5. 6.3 5.6 7.2 12.1 8.3 8.5 5. 11.9 27.9 17.2 27.5 15. 17.2 17.9 16.3 7. 7.2 7.5 10.4 8.8 8.4 16.7 14.2 20.8 13.4 11.7 8.3 10.2 10.9 11. 9.5 14.5 14.1 16.1 14.3 11.7 13.4 9.6 8.7 8.4 12.8 10.5 17.1 18.4 15.4 10.8 11.8 14.9 12.6 14.1 13. 13.4 15.2 16.1 17.8 14.9 14.1 12.7 13.5 14.9 20. 16.4 17.7 19.5 20.2 21.4 19.9 19. 19.1 19.1 20.1 19.9 19.6 23.2 29.8 13.8 13.3 16.7 12. 14.6 21.4 23. 23.7 25. 21.8 20.6 21.2 19.1 20.6 15.2 7. 8.1 13.6 20.1 21.8 24.5 23.1 19.7 18.3 21.2 17.5 16.8 22.4 20.6 23.9 22. 11.9] .. _boston_dataset: Boston house prices dataset --------------------------- **Data Set Characteristics:** :Number of Instances: 506 :Number of Attributes: 13 numeric/categorical predictive. Median Value (attribute 14) is usually the target. :Attribute Information (in order): - CRIM per capita crime rate by town - ZN proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft. - INDUS proportion of non-retail business acres per town - CHAS Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise) - NOX nitric oxides concentration (parts per 10 million) - RM average number of rooms per dwelling - AGE proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940 - DIS weighted distances to five Boston employment centres - RAD index of accessibility to radial highways - TAX full-value property-tax rate per $10,000 - PTRATIO pupil-teacher ratio by town - B 1000(Bk - 0.63)^2 where Bk is the proportion of blacks by town - LSTAT % lower status of the population - MEDV Median value of owner-occupied homes in $1000's :Missing Attribute Values: None :Creator: Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. This is a copy of UCI ML housing dataset. https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/housing/ This dataset was taken from the StatLib library which is maintained at Carnegie Mellon University. The Boston house-price data of Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. 'Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air', J. Environ. Economics & Management, vol.5, 81-102, 1978. Used in Belsley, Kuh & Welsch, 'Regression diagnostics ...', Wiley, 1980. N.B. Various transformations are used in the table on pages 244-261 of the latter. The Boston house-price data has been used in many machine learning papers that address regression problems. .. topic:: References - Belsley, Kuh & Welsch, 'Regression diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity', Wiley, 1980. 244-261. - Quinlan,R. (1993). Combining Instance-Based and Model-Based Learning. In Proceedings on the Tenth International Conference of Machine Learning, 236-243, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Morgan Kaufmann.
1.7 轉換器
在之前我們做的特征工程有幾個步驟?
1、實體化 (實體化的是一個轉換器類(Transformer)) ,
2、呼叫fit_transform()對于檔案建立分類詞頻矩陣,不能同時呼叫),
fit_transform():輸入資料直接轉換,
其實fit_transform()方法就是fit()方法和transform()方法的結合,
fit():輸入資料,但不做事情,
transform():進行資料的轉換,
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler s = StandardScaler() print(s.fit_transform([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])) ss = StandardScaler() print(ss.fit([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])) print(ss.transform([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])) print(ss.fit([[2,3,4],[4,5,7]])) print(ss.transform([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]))
運行結果:

1.8 估計器
在sklearn中,估計器(estimator)是一個重要的角色,分類器和回歸器都屬于estimator,是一類實作了演算法的API
1、用于分類的估計器:
sklearn.neighbors k-近鄰演算法
sklearn.naive_bayes 貝葉斯
sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression 邏輯回歸
2、用于回歸的估計器:
sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression 線性回歸
sklearn.linear_model.Ridge 嶺回歸
估計器作業流程:

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標籤:Python
