1.Spring Boot簡介

簡化Spring應用開發的一個框架

整個Spring技術堆疊的一個大整合

J2EE開發的一站式解決方案

優點：

– 快速創建獨立運行的Spring專案以及與主流框架集成

– 使用嵌入式的Servlet容器，應用無需打成WAR包 – starters自動依賴與版本控制

– 大量的自動配置，簡化開發，也可修改默認值 – 無需配置XML，無代碼生成，開箱即用

– 準生產環境的運行時應用監控

– 與云計算的天然集成

2.微服務

提出者：martin fowler

微服務：架構風格（服務微化）

一個應用應該是一組小型服務；可以通過HTTP的方式進行互通；

單體應用：ALL IN ONE

微服務：每一個功能元素最終都是一個可獨立替換和獨立升級的軟體單元；

微服務檔案：https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html#MicroservicesAndSoa

3.環境準備

[1].JDK1.8

Spring Boot 推薦jdk1.7及以上；

java version "1.8.0_201"

C:\WINDOWS\system32>java -version

java version "1.8.0_201"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)

[2].Maven3.x

maven 3.3以上版本；

Apache Maven 3.3.9

C:\WINDOWS\system32>mvn -v

Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-11T00:41:47+08:00)

Maven home: D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.3.9

Java version: 1.8.0_201, vendor: Oracle Corporation

Java home: D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_201\jre

Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK

OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "dos"

Maven設定：給Maven的settings.xml組態檔的profiles標簽添加

</profile>

-->

</activation>

<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>

<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>

</properties>

</profile>

</profiles>

[3].IDEA2017

IntelliJ IDEA 2017.3.7 x64

STS

[4].Spring Boot

SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE：1.5.9；

IDEA設定

(1).整合Maven

Configure->settings

4.Spring Boot HelloWorld

瀏覽器發送hello請求，服務器接受請求并處理，回應Hello World字串；

[1].創建Maven工程

SDK選擇我們安裝的JDK位置即可

[2].匯入依賴spring Boot相關的依賴

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>

</parent>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

[3].撰寫主程式main

/**

* @SpringBootApplication 來標注一個主程式類，說明這是一個Spring Boot應用

@SpringBootApplication

public class HelloWorldMainApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Spring應用啟動起來

SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);

}

[4].撰寫Controller、Service

@Controller

public class HelloController {

@ResponseBody

@RequestMapping("/hello")

public String hello(){

return "Hello World!";

}

[5].運行主程式測驗

[6].簡化部署

將這個應用打成jar包，直接使用java -jar的命令進行執行；

<build>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

5.HelloWorld決議

[1].POM檔案

(1).父專案

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>

</parent>

它的父專案

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>

<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>

<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>

</parent>

它是真正管理Spring Boot應用里面的所有依賴版本：

<activemq.version>5.14.5</activemq.version>

<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>

<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.59</appengine-sdk.version>

<artemis.version>1.5.5</artemis.version>

<aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>

<assertj.version>2.6.0</assertj.version>

<atomikos.version>3.9.3</atomikos.version>

<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>

<caffeine.version>2.3.5</caffeine.version>

<cassandra-driver.version>3.1.4</cassandra-driver.version>

<classmate.version>1.3.4</classmate.version>

<commons-beanutils.version>1.9.3</commons-beanutils.version>

<commons-collections.version>3.2.2</commons-collections.version>

<commons-codec.version>1.10</commons-codec.version>

<commons-dbcp.version>1.4</commons-dbcp.version>

<commons-dbcp2.version>2.1.1</commons-dbcp2.version>

<commons-digester.version>2.1</commons-digester.version>

<commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version>

<commons-pool2.version>2.4.3</commons-pool2.version>

<couchbase-client.version>2.3.7</couchbase-client.version>

<couchbase-cache-client.version>2.1.0</couchbase-cache-client.version>

<crashub.version>1.3.2</crashub.version>

<derby.version>10.13.1.1</derby.version>

<dom4j.version>1.6.1</dom4j.version>

<dropwizard-metrics.version>3.1.5</dropwizard-metrics.version>

<ehcache.version>2.10.4</ehcache.version>

<ehcache3.version>3.2.3</ehcache3.version>

<embedded-mongo.version>1.50.5</embedded-mongo.version>

<flyway.version>3.2.1</flyway.version>

<freemarker.version>2.3.27-incubating</freemarker.version>

<elasticsearch.version>2.4.6</elasticsearch.version>

<gemfire.version>8.2.7</gemfire.version>

<glassfish-el.version>3.0.0</glassfish-el.version>

<gradle.version>2.9</gradle.version>

<groovy.version>2.4.13</groovy.version>

<gson.version>2.8.2</gson.version>

<h2.version>1.4.196</h2.version>

<hamcrest.version>1.3</hamcrest.version>

<hazelcast.version>3.7.8</hazelcast.version>

<hazelcast-hibernate4.version>3.7.1</hazelcast-hibernate4.version>

<hazelcast-hibernate5.version>1.1.3</hazelcast-hibernate5.version>

<hibernate.version>5.0.12.Final</hibernate.version>

<hibernate-validator.version>5.3.6.Final</hibernate-validator.version>

<hikaricp.version>2.5.1</hikaricp.version>

<hikaricp-java6.version>2.3.13</hikaricp-java6.version>

<hikaricp-java7.version>2.4.13</hikaricp-java7.version>

<hsqldb.version>2.3.5</hsqldb.version>

<htmlunit.version>2.21</htmlunit.version>

<httpasyncclient.version>4.1.3</httpasyncclient.version>

<httpclient.version>4.5.3</httpclient.version>

<httpcore.version>4.4.8</httpcore.version>

<infinispan.version>8.2.8.Final</infinispan.version>

<jackson.version>2.8.10</jackson.version>

<janino.version>2.7.8</janino.version>

<javassist.version>3.21.0-GA</javassist.version>

<javax-cache.version>1.0.0</javax-cache.version>

<javax-mail.version>1.5.6</javax-mail.version>

<javax-transaction.version>1.2</javax-transaction.version>

<javax-validation.version>1.1.0.Final</javax-validation.version>

<jaxen.version>1.1.6</jaxen.version>

<jaybird.version>2.2.13</jaybird.version>

<jboss-logging.version>3.3.1.Final</jboss-logging.version>

<jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version>

<jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version>

<jedis.version>2.9.0</jedis.version>

<jersey.version>2.25.1</jersey.version>

<jest.version>2.0.4</jest.version>

<jetty.version>9.4.7.v20170914</jetty.version>

<jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>

<jetty-el.version>8.0.33</jetty-el.version>

<jms-api.version>1.1-rev-1</jms-api.version>

<jmustache.version>1.13</jmustache.version>

<jna.version>4.2.2</jna.version>

<joda-time.version>2.9.9</joda-time.version>

<jolokia.version>1.3.7</jolokia.version>

<jooq.version>3.9.6</jooq.version>

<json.version>20140107</json.version>

<jsonassert.version>1.4.0</jsonassert.version>

<json-path.version>2.2.0</json-path.version>

<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>

<jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version>

<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>

<liquibase.version>3.5.3</liquibase.version>

<log4j2.version>2.7</log4j2.version>

<logback.version>1.1.11</logback.version>

<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>

<mariadb.version>1.5.9</mariadb.version>

<mssql-jdbc.version>6.1.0.jre7</mssql-jdbc.version>

<mockito.version>1.10.19</mockito.version>

<mongodb.version>3.4.3</mongodb.version>

<mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version>

<narayana.version>5.5.30.Final</narayana.version>

<nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version>

<neo4j-ogm.version>2.1.5</neo4j-ogm.version>

<postgresql.version>9.4.1212.jre7</postgresql.version>

<querydsl.version>4.1.4</querydsl.version>

<reactor.version>2.0.8.RELEASE</reactor.version>

<reactor-spring.version>2.0.7.RELEASE</reactor-spring.version>

<selenium.version>2.53.1</selenium.version>

<selenium-htmlunit.version>2.21</selenium-htmlunit.version>

<sendgrid.version>2.2.2</sendgrid.version>

<servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version>

<simple-json.version>1.1.1</simple-json.version>

<slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>

<snakeyaml.version>1.17</snakeyaml.version>

<solr.version>5.5.5</solr.version>

<spock.version>1.0-groovy-2.4</spock.version>

<spring.version>4.3.13.RELEASE</spring.version>

<spring-amqp.version>1.7.4.RELEASE</spring-amqp.version>

<spring-cloud-connectors.version>1.2.5.RELEASE</spring-cloud-connectors.version>

<spring-batch.version>3.0.8.RELEASE</spring-batch.version>

<spring-data-releasetrain.version>Ingalls-SR9</spring-data-releasetrain.version>

<spring-hateoas.version>0.23.0.RELEASE</spring-hateoas.version>

<spring-integration.version>4.3.12.RELEASE</spring-integration.version>

<spring-integration-java-dsl.version>1.2.3.RELEASE</spring-integration-java-dsl.version>

<spring-kafka.version>1.1.7.RELEASE</spring-kafka.version>

<spring-ldap.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version>

<spring-loaded.version>1.2.8.RELEASE</spring-loaded.version>

<spring-mobile.version>1.1.5.RELEASE</spring-mobile.version>

<spring-plugin.version>1.2.0.RELEASE</spring-plugin.version>

<spring-restdocs.version>1.1.3.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version>

<spring-retry.version>1.2.1.RELEASE</spring-retry.version>

<spring-security.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</spring-security.version>

<spring-security-jwt.version>1.0.8.RELEASE</spring-security-jwt.version>

<spring-security-oauth.version>2.0.14.RELEASE</spring-security-oauth.version>

<spring-session.version>1.3.1.RELEASE</spring-session.version>

<spring-social.version>1.1.4.RELEASE</spring-social.version>

<spring-social-facebook.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-social-facebook.version>

<spring-social-linkedin.version>1.0.2.RELEASE</spring-social-linkedin.version>

<spring-social-twitter.version>1.1.2.RELEASE</spring-social-twitter.version>

<spring-ws.version>2.4.2.RELEASE</spring-ws.version>

<sqlite-jdbc.version>3.15.1</sqlite-jdbc.version>

<statsd-client.version>3.1.0</statsd-client.version>

<sun-mail.version>${javax-mail.version}</sun-mail.version>

<thymeleaf.version>2.1.6.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>

<thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version>2.1.3.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version>

<thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version>2.1.2.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version>

<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>1.4.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>

<thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>1.3</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>

<thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>

<tomcat.version>8.5.23</tomcat.version>

<undertow.version>1.4.21.Final</undertow.version>

<unboundid-ldapsdk.version>3.2.1</unboundid-ldapsdk.version>

<webjars-hal-browser.version>9f96c74</webjars-hal-browser.version>

<webjars-locator.version>0.32-1</webjars-locator.version>

<wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version>

<xml-apis.version>1.4.01</xml-apis.version>

<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>1.10</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>

<exec-maven-plugin.version>1.5.0</exec-maven-plugin.version>

<git-commit-id-plugin.version>2.2.3</git-commit-id-plugin.version>

<maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version>

<maven-assembly-plugin.version>2.6</maven-assembly-plugin.version>

<maven-clean-plugin.version>2.6.1</maven-clean-plugin.version>

<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>

<maven-dependency-plugin.version>2.10</maven-dependency-plugin.version>

<maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>

<maven-eclipse-plugin.version>2.10</maven-eclipse-plugin.version>

<maven-enforcer-plugin.version>1.4</maven-enforcer-plugin.version>

<maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>

<maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version>

<maven-invoker-plugin.version>1.10</maven-invoker-plugin.version>

<maven-help-plugin.version>2.2</maven-help-plugin.version>

<maven-jar-plugin.version>2.6</maven-jar-plugin.version>

<maven-javadoc-plugin.version>2.10.4</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>

<maven-resources-plugin.version>2.7</maven-resources-plugin.version>

<maven-shade-plugin.version>2.4.3</maven-shade-plugin.version>

<maven-site-plugin.version>3.5.1</maven-site-plugin.version>

<maven-source-plugin.version>2.4</maven-source-plugin.version>

<maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-surefire-plugin.version>

<maven-war-plugin.version>2.6</maven-war-plugin.version>

<versions-maven-plugin.version>2.2</versions-maven-plugin.version>

</properties>

Spring Boot的版本中心；

以后我們匯入依賴默認是不需要寫版本；（沒有在dependencies里面管理的依賴自然需要宣告版本號）

(2).啟動器

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

spring-boot-starter-web：Spring-boot場景啟動器,幫我們匯入了web模塊正常運行所依賴的組件.

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

</dependency>

Spring Boot將所有的功能場景都抽取出來，做成一個個的starters（啟動器），只需要在專案里面引入這些starter相關場景的所有依賴都會匯入進來，要用什么功能就匯入什么場景的啟動器

[2].主程式類(主入口類)

/**

* @SpringBootApplication 來標注一個主程式類說明這是一個Spring boot應用

@SpringBootApplication

public class HelloWorldMainApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

//Spring應用啟動起來

SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);

}

@SpringBootApplication: Spring Boot應用標注在某個類上說明這個類是SpringBoot的主配置類，SpringBoot就應該運行這個類的main方法來啟動SpringBoot應用；

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Documented

@Inherited

@SpringBootConfiguration

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {

@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),

@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })

public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@SpringBootConfiguration：Spring Boot的配置類；

標注在某個類上，表示這是一個Spring Boot的配置類

|- @Configuration:配置類上來標注這個注解；

配置類 ----- 組態檔；

配置類也是容器中的一個組件；

|- @Component

@EnableAutoConfiguration：開啟自動配置功能；

以前我們需要配置的東西，Spring Boot幫我們自動配置；@EnableAutoConfiguration告訴SpringBoot開啟自動配置功能；這樣自動配置才能生效；

@AutoConfigurationPackage

@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

@AutoConfigurationPackage：自動配置包；

|- @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)

Spring的底層注解@Import，給容器中匯入一個組件；匯入的組件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class；

將主配置類（@SpringBootApplication標注的類）的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有組件掃描到Spring容器；

public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata)).getPackageName());

}

@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})：給容器中匯入組件;

|- EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:匯入那些組件的選擇器

將所有需要匯入的組件以全類名的方式回傳；這些組件就會被添加到容器中；

會給容器中匯入非常多的自動配置類（xxxAutoConfiguration）；就是給容器中匯入這個場景需要的所有組件，并配置好這些組件；

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {

if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {

return NO_IMPORTS;

} else {

try {

AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = https://www.cnblogs.com/CSAH/archive/2020/10/07/AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);

AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);

List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);

configurations = this.sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);

Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);

this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);

configurations.removeAll(exclusions);

configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);

this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);

return (String[])configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);

} catch (IOException var6) {

throw new IllegalStateException(var6);

}

有了自動配置類，免去了我們手動撰寫配置注入功能組件等的作業；

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader)；

Spring Boot在啟動的時候從類路徑下的META-INF/spring.factories中獲取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值，將這些值作為自動配置類匯入到容器中，自動配置類就生效，幫我們進行自動配置作業；以前我們需要自己配置的東西，自動配置類都幫我們；

J2EE的整體整合解決方案和自動配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar；

6.使用Spring Initializer快速創建Spring Boot專案

[1].IDEA：使用 Spring Initializer快速創建專案

IDE都支持使用Spring的專案創建向導快速創建一個Spring Boot專案；

選擇我們需要的模塊；向導會聯網創建Spring Boot專案；

默認生成的Spring Boot專案；

- 主程式已經生成好了，我們只需要我們自己的邏輯

- resources檔案夾中目錄結構

- static：保存所有的靜態資源； js css images；

- templates：保存所有的模板頁面；（Spring Boot默認jar包使用嵌入式的Tomcat，默認不支持JSP頁面）；可以使用模板引擎（freemarker、thymeleaf）；

- application.properties：Spring Boot應用的組態檔；可以修改一些默認設定；

[2].STS使用Spring Starter Project快速創建專案

參考檔案：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/

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1. Spring Boot入門

1.Spring Boot簡介

2.微服務

3.環境準備

4.Spring Boot HelloWorld

5.HelloWorld決議

6.使用Spring Initializer快速創建Spring Boot專案