一、操作目的

1.1 自動化測驗常用操作

1、定位網頁上的元素，并存盤到一個變數中；
2、對變數進行操作，比如點擊或輸入文字；
3、設定頁面元素的操作值；

二、定位方法匯總

2.1 findElement(s)

click(self, on_element=None)
click_and_hold(self, on_element=None)
context_click(self, on_element=None)
double_click(self, on_element=None)
drag_and_drop(self, source, target)
drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset)
key_down(self, value, element=None)
key_up(self, value, element=None)
move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset)
move_to_element(self, to_element)
move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset)
pause(self, seconds)
perform(self)
release(self, on_element=None)
reset_actions(self)
send_keys(self, *keys_to_send)
send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send)

2.2、selenium.webdriver.common.by

CLASS_NAME = 'class name'
CSS_SELECTOR = 'css selector'
ID = 'id'
LINK_TEXT = 'link text'
NAME = 'name'
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = 'partial link text'
TAG_NAME = 'tag name'
XPATH = 'xpath'

2.3、selenium.webdriver.common.keys

ADD = '\ue025'
ALT = '\ue00a'
ARROW_DOWN = '\ue015'
ARROW_LEFT = '\ue012'
ARROW_RIGHT = '\ue014'
ARROW_UP = '\ue013'
BACKSPACE = '\ue003'
BACK_SPACE = '\ue003'
CANCEL = '\ue001'
CLEAR = '\ue005'
COMMAND = '\ue03d'
CONTROL = '\ue009'
DECIMAL = '\ue028'
DELETE = '\ue017'
DIVIDE = '\ue029'
DOWN = '\ue015'
END = '\ue010'
ENTER = '\ue007'
EQUALS = '\ue019'
ESCAPE = '\ue00c'
F1 = '\ue031'
F10 = '\ue03a'
F11 = '\ue03b'
F12 = '\ue03c'
F2 = '\ue032'
F3 = '\ue033'
F4 = '\ue034'
F5 = '\ue035'
F6 = '\ue036'
F7 = '\ue037'
F8 = '\ue038'
F9 = '\ue039'
HELP = '\ue002'
HOME = '\ue011'
INSERT = '\ue016'
LEFT = '\ue012'
LEFT_ALT = '\ue00a'
LEFT_CONTROL = '\ue009'
LEFT_SHIFT = '\ue008'
META = '\ue03d'
MULTIPLY = '\ue024'
NULL = '\ue000'
NUMPAD0 = '\ue01a'
NUMPAD1 = '\ue01b'
NUMPAD2 = '\ue01c'
NUMPAD3 = '\ue01d'
NUMPAD4 = '\ue01e'
NUMPAD5 = '\ue01f'
NUMPAD6 = '\ue020'
NUMPAD7 = '\ue021'
NUMPAD8 = '\ue022'
NUMPAD9 = '\ue023'
PAGE_DOWN = '\ue00f'
PAGE_UP = '\ue00e'
PAUSE = '\ue00b'
RETURN = '\ue006'
RIGHT = '\ue014'
SEMICOLON = '\ue018'
SEPARATOR = '\ue026'
SHIFT = '\ue008'
SPACE = '\ue00d'
SUBTRACT = '\ue027'
TAB = '\ue004'
UP = '\ue013'

2.4、selenium.webdriver.Chrome

那么總的來說，查找元素分為以下兩類：
1、查到單個元素

find_element_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector

2、查找多個元素（回傳串列）

find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
find_elements_by_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_class_name
find_elements_by_css_selector

上面的是公有方法，還有兩個私有方法是：

 find_element()
 find_elements()
 # 這兩個方法使用的時候，需要提供兩個引數
 # 一個是 By.xx ,這里的 xx 分別是上面列出的幾種定位方法的大寫
 # 比如 find_element(By.ID, 'su')
 # 比如 find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h1')

三、撰寫實際代碼測驗

3.1 元素定位

// id 定位
WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
// name 定位
WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.name("username"));
// 部分鏈接文字定位
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("sog"));
// 使用標簽名定位
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"));
// 使用 class 名定位 
WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.className("tight"));
// 使用xpath定位
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/input[@value='https://www.cnblogs.com/amnotgcs/p/查詢']"));
// 上述xpath使用的是絕對路徑定位，當頁面發生變化時，很容易造成代碼失效，
// 所以推薦使用相對路徑，比如將上述定位改成："//input[@value='https://www.cnblogs.com/amnotgcs/p/查詢']"
// 如果定位元素是串列時，下標從1開始

// css定位
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div > input#ok"));
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div > input + a + img"));
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input:nth-child(2)"));
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div :nth-child(2)"));
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a['href' ^= 'http://www.baidu.com']"));
// ^= 匹配開頭，$= 匹配結尾 *= 鏈接含有即匹配中

xpath模糊定位

XPath 軸（Axis）定位:

標籤：Java

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