Spring12_Spring中的事務控制-有解無憂

本教程原始碼請訪問：tutorial_demo

一、概述

之前我們學習了AOP，然后通過AOP對我們的Apache Commons DbUtils實作單表的CRUD操作的代碼添加了事務，Spring有其自己的事務控制的機制，我們完全可以在專案中使用Spring自己的事務控制機制，

JavaEE體系進行分層開發，事務處理位于業務層，Spring提供了分層設計業務層的事務處理解決方案，

二、環境準備

我們之前學習了JdbcTemplate，我們的環境Dao層使用JdbcTemplate，后面三個部分的代碼，都在環境準備代碼基礎之上進行，

2.1、建庫建表

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS springlearn;
CREATE DATABASE springlearn;
USE springlearn;


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account;
CREATE TABLE account (
  id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  money float DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO account VALUES ('1', 'aaa', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('2', 'bbb', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('3', 'ccc', '1000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('5', 'cc', '10000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('6', 'abc', '10000');
INSERT INTO account VALUES ('7', 'abc', '10000');

2.2、添加Account物體類

package org.codeaction.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Account implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Float getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Float money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                '}';
    }
}

2.3、添加Dao介面

package org.codeaction.dao;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;

import java.util.List;

public interface IAccountDao {
    Integer add(Account account);
    Integer delete(Integer id);
    Integer update(Account account);
    List<Account> findAll();
    Account findById(Integer id);
    List<Account> findByName(String name);
    Long count();
}

2.4、添加Dao介面實作類

package org.codeaction.dao.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import java.util.List;

public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    private JdbcTemplate template;

    public void setTemplate(JdbcTemplate template) {
        this.template = template;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer add(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
        return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer delete(Integer id) {
        return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer update(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
        return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return template.query("select * from account",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
        return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
        return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
    }

    @Override
    public Long count() {
        return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
    }
}

2.5、添加Service介面

package org.codeaction.service;

public interface IAccountService {
    void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money);
}

這里只有一個轉賬操作，也是這個教程的關鍵，

2.6、添加Service介面實作類

package org.codeaction.service.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;

public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
        Account src = https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/accountDao.findById(srcId);
        Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);

        if(src == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出用戶不存在");
        }

        if(dst == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉入用戶不存在");
        }

        if(src.getMoney() < money) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出賬戶余額不足");
        }

        src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
        dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);

        accountDao.update(src);

        //int x = 1/0;

        accountDao.update(dst);
    }
}

2.7、添加Spring組態檔beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- 配置AccountServiceImpl -->
    <bean id="accountService" >
        <!-- 注入dao -->
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置AccountDaoImpl -->
    <bean id="accountDao" >
        <!-- 注入jdbcTemplate -->
        <property name="template" ref="template"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
    <bean id="template" >
        <!-- 注入資料源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置資料源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" >
        <!-- 注入資料源屬性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
        <property name="user" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/123456"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.8、添加測驗類

package org.codeaction.test;

import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:beans.xml")
public class MyTest {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void testTrans() {
        accountService.trans(1, 2, 100F);
    }
}

運行測驗方法，能夠轉賬成功，如果在AccountServiceImpl的trans中添加int i = 1/0;，轉賬失敗，但是沒有回滾，我們在下面的代碼中添加事務控制，

三、基于XML的宣告式事務控制

基于XML的宣告式事務控制在上一節“環境準備”的基礎上進行，

3.1、修改Spring組態檔beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 配置AccountServiceImpl -->
    <bean id="accountService" >
        <!-- 注入dao -->
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置AccountDaoImpl -->
    <bean id="accountDao" >
        <!-- 注入jdbcTemplate -->
        <property name="template" ref="template"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
    <bean id="template" >
        <!-- 注入資料源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置資料源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" >
        <!-- 注入資料源屬性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
        <property name="user" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/123456"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" >
        <!-- 注入資料源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事務的通知 -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <!-- 配置事務的屬性 -->
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- 配置AOP -->
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 配置切入點 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="pt" expression="execution(* org.codeaction.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:pointcut>
        <!-- 建立切入點運算式和事務通知的對應關系 -->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

Spring中基于XML的宣告式事務控制配置步驟：

配置事務管理器；
配置事務的通知；
配置AOP中通用切入點運算式；
建立切入點運算式和事務通知的對應關系；
配置事務的屬性，

事務的屬性如下：

isolation：用于指定事務的隔離級別，默認值是DEFAULT，表示使用資料庫的默認隔離級別；
propagation：用于指定事務的傳播行為，默認值是REQUIRED，表示一定會有事務，增刪改的選擇，查詢方法可以選擇SUPPORTS；
read-only：用于指定事務是否只讀，只有查詢方法才能設定為true，默認值是false，表示讀寫；
timeout：用于指定事務的超時時間，默認值是-1，表示永不超時，如果指定了數值，以秒為單位；
rollback-for：用于指定一個例外，當產生該例外時，事務回滾，產生其他例外時，事務不回滾，沒有默認值，表示任何例外都回滾；
no-rollback-for：用于指定一個例外，當產生該例外時，事務不回滾，產生其他例外時事務回滾，沒有默認值，表示任何例外都回滾，

3.2、測驗

運行轉賬的測驗方法，能夠正常轉賬，出現例外時，能夠正常回滾，

四、基于XML和注解的宣告式事務控制

4.1、修改Spring組態檔beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 配置Spring創建容器時要掃描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.codeaction"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
    <bean id="template" >
        <!-- 注入資料源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置資料源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" >
        <!-- 注入資料源屬性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn"></property>
        <property name="user" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/123456"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" >
        <!-- 注入資料源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 開啟Spring對注解事務的支持 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>

4.2、修改Dao介面的實作類

package org.codeaction.dao.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate template;

    @Override
    public Integer add(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
        return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer delete(Integer id) {
        return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer update(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
        return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return template.query("select * from account",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
        return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
        return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
    }

    @Override
    public Long count() {
        return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
    }
}

4.3、修改Service介面的實作類

package org.codeaction.service.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
    public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
        Account src = https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/accountDao.findById(srcId);
        Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);

        if(src == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出用戶不存在");
        }

        if(dst == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉入用戶不存在");
        }

        if(src.getMoney() < money) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出賬戶余額不足");
        }

        src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
        dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);

        accountDao.update(src);

        //int x = 1/0;

        accountDao.update(dst);
    }
}

4.4、測驗

運行轉賬的測驗方法，能夠正常轉賬，出現例外時，能夠正常回滾，

五、基于純注解的宣告式事務控制

純注解配置就用不到XML組態檔了，我們在上一節的基礎上進行配置，洗掉beans.xml，

5.1、修改Dao介面的實作類

package org.codeaction.dao.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate template;

    @Override
    public Integer add(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney()};
        return template.update("insert into account(name, money) values(?, ?)", args);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer delete(Integer id) {
        return template.update("delete from account where id=?", id);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer update(Account account) {
        Object[] args = {account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId()};
        return template.update("update account set name=?, money=? where id=?", args);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return template.query("select * from account",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> list = template.query("select * from account where id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
        return list.size() != 0 ? list.get(0) : null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findByName(String name) {
        return template.query("select * from account where name like ?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
    }

    @Override
    public Long count() {
        return template.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
    }
}

5.2、修改Service介面的實作類

package org.codeaction.service.impl;

import org.codeaction.bean.Account;
import org.codeaction.dao.IAccountDao;
import org.codeaction.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
    public void trans(Integer srcId, Integer dstId, Float money) {
        Account src = https://www.cnblogs.com/codeaction/p/accountDao.findById(srcId);
        Account dst = accountDao.findById(dstId);

        if(src == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出用戶不存在");
        }

        if(dst == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉入用戶不存在");
        }

        if(src.getMoney() < money) {
            throw new RuntimeException("轉出賬戶余額不足");
        }

        src.setMoney(src.getMoney() - money);
        dst.setMoney(dst.getMoney() + money);

        accountDao.update(src);

        int x = 1/0;

        accountDao.update(dst);
    }
}

5.3、添加配置類及JDBC組態檔

5.3.1、添加JDBC組態檔

在resource目錄下，檔案名:jdbc.properties

jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springlearn
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

5.3.2、添加JDBC配置類

package org.codeaction.config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;

public class JdbcConfig {
    @Value("${jdbc.driverClass}")
    private String driverClass;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClass);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }
}

5.3.3、添加事務配置類

package org.codeaction.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class TransactionConfig {

    @Bean("transactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}

這個配置類用來創建事務管理器，

5.3.4、添加主配置類

package org.codeaction.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "org.codeaction")
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class, TransactionConfig.class})
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfig {
}

這個配置類做了如下幾件事：

宣告自己是一個配置類；
開啟包掃描，并配置要掃描的包；
引入JDBC組態檔；
引入另外的兩個配置類；
開啟Spring對注解事務的支持，

5.4、測驗

運行轉賬的測驗方法，能夠正常轉賬，出現例外時，能夠正常回滾，

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/houduan/169908.html

標籤：Java

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