相信大家對Apache都有所聽聞，Apache是目前使用最為廣泛我Web服務器，大家可以從news.netcraft.com/這個網站得到證實，
這是騰訊的uptime.netcraft.com/up/graph?site=www.qq.com.Apache強大的功能和高效的性能并且開放源代碼的這種模式對我很有吸引力，但無賴自己水平有限，無法從Apache龐大的source code里面理清頭緒，于是，我就冒出了個自己動手寫一個小型的簡單的Web服務器的想法，希望對這方面也和我一樣感興趣的朋友有所幫助，
我的實驗環境為:
OS:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
gcc:4.1.2
libc:2.5
editor:Vim
lang:C
閱讀該源代碼需要以下預備知識：
C語言基礎
Linux編程基礎
socket編程基礎(Linux)
TCP/IP基本原理
HTTP基本原理
關鍵字(Key Words):
Linux C, Web HTTP Server, Linux Socket.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是Mutu的第一個版本(0.1 Alpha)，實作了WEB 服務器的最基本功能
包括以下源檔案:
webserver.c----程式入口
init_socket.h init_socket.c----完成一些WEB服務器的初始化作業
get_time.h get_time.c----獲得服務器的時間
http_session.h http_session.c----處理一次HTTP會話
以下是各檔案原始碼：
webserver.c:
/*
* file:webserver.c
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<strings.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include"get_time.h"
#include"init_socket.h"
#include"http_session.h"
intmain(intargc,char*argv[])
{
intlisten_fd;
intconnect_fd;
structsockaddr_inserver_addr;
structsockaddr_inclient_addr;
bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in));
bzero(&client_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in));
if(init_socket(&listen_fd,&server_addr)==-1)
{
perror("init_socket() error. in webserver.c");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
socklen_taddrlen=sizeof(structsockaddr_in);
pid_tpid;
while(1)
{
if((connect_fd=accept(listen_fd,(structsockaddr*)&client_addr,&addrlen))==-1)
{
perror("accept() error. in webserver.c");
continue;
}
if((pid=fork())>0)
{
close(connect_fd);
continue;
}
elseif(pid==0)
{
close(listen_fd);
printf("pid %d process http session from %s : %d\n",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr),htons(client_addr.sin_port));
if(http_session(&connect_fd,&client_addr)==-1)
{
perror("http_session() error. in webserver.c");
shutdown(connect_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
printf("pid %d loss connection to %s\n",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);/* exit from child process, stop this http session */
}
printf("pid %d close connection to %s\n",getpid(),inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
shutdown(connect_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
else
{
perror("fork() error. in webserver.c");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
shutdown(listen_fd,SHUT_RDWR);
return0;
}
init_socket.h
/*
* file:init_socket.h
*/
#ifndefINIT_SOCKET_H
#defineINIT_SOCKET_H
#include<netinet/in.h>
#defineBACKLOG 20/* length of listening queue on socket */
#definePORT 8080/* web server listening port */
/* initialize the socket on server, include below
socket();
bind();
listen();
*/
/* listen_fd : the web server listen file decriptor
server_addr: the web server ipv4 address
RETURNS: success on 0, error on -1
*/
intinit_socket(int*listen_fd,structsockaddr_in*server_addr);
#endif
init_socket.c
/*
* file:init_socket.c
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<strings.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include"init_socket.h"
intinit_socket(int*listen_fd,structsockaddr_in*server_addr)
{
if((*listen_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
{
perror("socket() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
/* set reuse the port on server machine */
intopt=SO_REUSEADDR;
if(setsockopt(*listen_fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&opt,sizeof(opt))==-1)
{
perror("setsockopt() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
server_addr->sin_family=AF_INET;
server_addr->sin_port=htons(PORT);
server_addr->sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if(bind(*listen_fd,(structsockaddr*)server_addr,sizeof(structsockaddr_in))==-1)
{
perror("bind() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
if(listen(*listen_fd,BACKLOG)==-1)
{
perror("listen() error. in init_socket.c");
return-1;
}
return0;
}
get_time.h
/*
* file: get_time.h
*/
#ifndefGET_TIME_H
#defineGET_TIME_H
#defineTIME_BUFFER_SIZE 40/* buffer size of time_buffer */
char*get_time_str(char*time_buf);
#endif
get_time.c
/*
* file:get_time.c
*/
#include<time.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include"get_time.h"
/* get the time on server,
return: the ascii string of time , NULL on error
argument: time_buf the buffer to store time_string
*/
char*get_time_str(char*time_buf)
{
time_tnow_sec;
structtm*time_now;
if(time(&now_sec)==-1)
{
perror("time() in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
if((time_now=gmtime(&now_sec))==NULL)
{
perror("localtime in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
char*str_ptr=NULL;
if((str_ptr=asctime(time_now))==NULL)
{
perror("asctime in get_time.c");
returnNULL;
}
strcat(time_buf,str_ptr);
returntime_buf;
}
http_session.c
/*
* file: http_session.h
*/
#ifndefHTTP_SESSION_H
#defineHTTP_SESSION_H
#include<netinet/in.h>
#defineRECV_BUFFER_SIZE 1024/* 1KB of receive buffer */
#defineSEND_BUFFER_SIZE 1050000/* 1.xMB of send buffer */
#defineURI_SIZE 128/* length of uri request from client browse */
#defineTIME_OUT_SEC 10/* select timeout of secend */
#defineTIME_OUT_USEC 0/* select timeout of usecend */
#defineFILE_OK 200
#defineFILE_FORBIDEN 403/* there are no access permission*/
#defineFILE_NOT_FOUND 404/* file not found on server */
#defineUNALLOW_METHOD 405/* un allow http request method*/
#defineFILE_TOO_LARGE 413/* file is too large */
#defineURI_TOO_LONG 414/* */
#defineUNSUPPORT_MIME_TYPE 415
#defineUNSUPPORT_HTTP_VERSION 505
#defineFILE_MAX_SIZE 1048576/* 1MB the max siee of file read from hard disk */
#defineALLOW"Allow:GET"/* the server allow GET request method*/
#defineSERVER"Server:Mutu(0.1 Alpha)/Linux"
/* if the connect protocol is http then this function deal with it */
inthttp_session(int*connect_fd,structsockaddr_in*client_addr);
/* if http protocol return 1, else return 0 */
intis_http_protocol(char*msg_from_client);
/* get the request header's uri */
char*get_uri(char*req_header,char*uri_buf);
/* get the uri status,access return 0, not exist return 1, permission deny return 2, error return -1 */
intget_uri_status(char*uri);
/* get the mime type of the file request in uri from client's browse */
char*get_mime_type(char*uri);
/* read the file which requested by client in uri ,and store in entity_buf.
success return bytes readed,error return -1
*/
intget_file_disk(char*uri,unsignedchar*entity_buf);
/* set http replay header's status:
200:ok
404:file not found
*/
intset_rep_status();
intset_error_information(unsignedchar*send_buf,interrorno);
intreply_normal_information(unsignedchar*send_buf,unsignedchar*file_buf,intfile_size,char*mime_type);
#endif
如何訪問該服務器呢？
首先你要知道運行服務器主機的IP，在服務器主機上輸入如下命令(需要超級用戶權限)：
ifconfig
如果你的是以太網(ethernet),那么會看到這樣一行
inet addr:xxx.xxx.xxx broadcast:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mask:255.xxx.xxx.xxx
xxx代表數字（000-255），第一個inet addr后面的數字便是你的網卡地址，
如果你是在本機進行測驗，那IP地址可以直接用127.0.0.1(回環地址，localhost)
取得服務器的IP后，用你喜歡的一款瀏覽器便可以訪問WEB SERVER的內容了，
方法為：在瀏覽器的地址欄內輸入:
http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080
回車，即可（xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx無剛取得的服務器IP地址，8080為預設的埠），
點擊了解更多資料，更有免費開源專案和課程等你觀看哦！
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標籤：C++