Java GUI編程-有解無憂

簡介

是什么？怎么玩？如何運用？

組件

視窗
彈窗
面板
文本框
串列框
圖片
按鈕
監聽事件
滑鼠
鍵盤

GUI核心技術：AWT 、Swing

缺點：界面不美觀，需要jre環境！

優點：MVC架構，了解監聽

目標：計網課設需要弄個Web服務器小工具

軟體測驗課設需要弄個正交表生成小工具

曾經為了方便，上學期用了pygame和pyqt5，如今又回來補Java的GUI了

AWT

介紹

awt: 抽象視窗工具包 (Abstract Window Toolkit )

提供很多類和介面，GUI

元素：視窗、按鈕、文本框等

java.awt

兩個思路，

ctrl + 左鍵看原始碼，提高英語能力
物件加點慢慢看方法

組件和容器

Frame

實體

import java.awt.*;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("第一個視窗");
        frame.setSize(300,300);//視窗大小
        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);//背景顏色
        frame.setLocation(300,100);//出現時左上角在螢屏上的坐標
        //new Color(180, 167,0); //顏色點進去看原始碼
        frame.setResizable(true);//是否可改變表單大小

        //需要設定可見性
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

出現問題：視窗關不掉！得回到IDE手動停止程式

封裝

將上面的簡單視窗封裝成自己的類

封裝類

import java.awt.*;

public class MyFrame extends Frame {
    private static int id = 0; //用于統計視窗
    public  MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h,Color color){
        super("Frame"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }

}

主方法呼叫

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(300,100,300,300,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(600,100,300,300,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(300,400,300,300,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(600,400,300,300,Color.green);

    }
}

面板Panel

package com.ljh;

import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //設定布局
        frame.setLayout(null); //少了這行frame就會置頂，覆寫其他元素
        frame.setBounds(300,100,300,300);
        frame.setBackground(Color.red);

        //設定面板
        panel.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        panel.setBounds(100,100,200,200);

        //視窗添加面板
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //監聽關閉事件,通過視窗監聽配接器重寫關閉方法
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局管理器

流式布局

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //設定流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默認居中
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//靠左
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//靠右

        //組件 按鈕
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //添加按鈕
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

東西南北中（邊界布局）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("東西南北中");
        frame.setBounds(300,200,400,400);
        //按鈕組
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

表格布局

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("東西南北中");
        frame.setBounds(300,200,400,400);

        //設定表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //組件 按鈕
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");

        //添加按鈕
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

作業Demo

通過前面學習的知識，實作下圖布局

分析：

首先Frame用表格布局(GridLayout)分成上半部panel1和下半部panel2，

上下兩半分別用左中右布局（BorderLayout）,

上部分的中央panel3用表格布局(GridLayout)兩行一列

下部分的中央panel4用表格布局(GridLayout)兩行兩列

代碼

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class LayoutWork {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("作業1");
        frame.setBounds(300,200,600,400);

        Panel panel1 = new Panel();//上半邊
        Panel panel2 = new Panel();//下半邊
        Panel panel3 = new Panel();//上中央
        Panel panel4 = new Panel();//下中央

        //設定表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        panel2.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel4.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //組件 按鈕
        Button button0 = new Button("button0");
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");
        Button button7 = new Button("button7");
        Button button8 = new Button("button8");
        Button button9 = new Button("button9");

        //自頂向下添加
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel2);
        panel1.add(button1,BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(panel3,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel1.add(button4,BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(button2);
        panel3.add(button3);
        panel2.add(button5,BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel4.add(button6);
        panel4.add(button7);
        panel4.add(button8);
        panel4.add(button9);
        panel2.add(button0,BorderLayout.EAST);


        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局總結：

Frame是頂級視窗
Panel無法單獨顯示，必須加到某容器中
布局管理器：流式邊界表格
大小，定位，背景顏色，可見性，監聽關閉事件

事件監聽

當某件事情發生的時候，干什么？

addActionListener(事件);

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestButton {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setBounds(300,200,300,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        Button button1 = new Button("button");
        button1.addActionListener(new myActionListener());

        frame.add(button1);
        windowClose(frame);

    }

    //關閉視窗事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}
// 事件監聽實作類
class myActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("點擊");
    }
}

監聽輸入框

新思想，在main函式里面只有呼叫啟動的陳述句，不寫其他東西，

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvet {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField(5);
        textField.setEchoChar('*');//密碼型別隱藏顯示
        this.add(textField);
        textField.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.pack();
        WindowClose(this);
    }

    //  關閉表單事件
    public static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件監聽類
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();//e.getSource是個Object物件
        System.out.println(textField.getText());
        textField.setText("");//獲取文本框內容并設定為空
    }
}

簡易計算器

用過傳參的代碼

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 計算器類1 開始是通過傳參是形式，傳給事件監聽類操控文本框，
 */
public class Calculate1 extends Frame {
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    public Calculate1() {
        //創建自己，一個表單
        //3個文本框
        num1 = new TextField();
        num2 = new TextField();
        num3 = new TextField();
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(new Label("+"));
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculate1Listener(num1, num2, num3));
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        WindowClose(this);

    }

    //  關閉表單事件
    public static void WindowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyCalculate1Listener implements ActionListener {
    private TextField num1, num2, num3;

    public MyCalculate1Listener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
    }
}

通過組合的方式（面向物件）

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 計算器類2 通過組合的方式，傳給事件監聽類一個實體化的圖形類，可以直接操作它的屬性
 */
public class Calculate2 extends Frame { 
    public TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public void loadFrame(){
        //3個文本框
        num1 = new TextField();
        num2 = new TextField();
        num3 = new TextField();
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add( new Label("+")) ;
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculate2Listener1(this));
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        WindowClose(this);

    }
    //  關閉表單事件
    public static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyCalculate2Listener1 implements ActionListener {
    private Calculate2 cal;//組合！！把別的類丟進來用
    public MyCalculate2Listener1(Calculate2 cal){
        this.cal = cal;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(cal.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(cal.num2.getText());
        cal.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
    }
}

內部類的方式

更好的封裝
最大的好處，可以取到外部類的屬性和方法！

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Calculate3  extends Frame {
    public TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public void loadFrame(){
        //3個文本框
        num1 = new TextField();
        num2 = new TextField();
        num3 = new TextField();
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add( new Label("+")) ;
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculate3Listener());
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        WindowClose(this);

    }
    //  關閉表單事件
    public static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    //內部類可以隨便對外部類的屬性進行操作
    class MyCalculate3Listener implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        }
    }
}

畫筆paint

滑鼠監聽

package com.paint;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//實作滑鼠畫點
public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint("畫點");
    }

}
//我的畫筆類
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    private ArrayList points;
    public MyPaint(String title){
        super(title);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,300);


        points = new ArrayList<>(); //存點集合
        //在視窗上監聽滑鼠事件
        this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
                super.mouseClicked(e);
                Frame frame = (Frame)e.getSource();
                points.add(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY())) ;
                frame.repaint();
            }
        });
        
        
        this.setVisible(true);
    }
    public void paint (Graphics g){
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext())
        {
            Point drawPoint = (Point)iterator.next();
            //getGraphics().setColor(Color.black);
            g.fillOval(drawPoint.x,drawPoint.y,5,5);

        }
    }
}

視窗監聽

package com.action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        this.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
        this.addWindowListener(
            //匿名內部類
            new WindowAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗打開");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗正在關閉");
                    System.exit(0);
                }

                @Override
                public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗已經關閉");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("最小化");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("從最小化出現");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗激活");
                    WindowFrame frame = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                    frame.setTitle("您回來啦");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗離開");
                    WindowFrame frame = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                    frame.setTitle("你快回來！");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowStateChanged(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("狀態改變");
                }

                @Override
                public void windowGainedFocus(WindowEvent e) {
                    super.windowGainedFocus(e);
                }

                @Override
                public void windowLostFocus(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("視窗失去焦點");
                }
            });
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

鍵盤監聽

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        this.setBounds(200,200,200,200);
        this.setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                // 獲取對應字符的ASCII值
                System.out.println(e.getKeyCode());
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("按下了方向上鍵");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

視窗

package Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}

class MyJFrame extends JFrame {
    public void init() {
        this.setTitle("Swing");
        this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        this.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
//        contentPane.setBackground(Color.cyan);

        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
        // 流式布局時根據內容變化大小
        jPanel.setBounds(50, 50, 100, 100);
        jPanel.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        
       
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel();
        jLabel.setText("hello world");
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        
        this.add(jPanel);
        jPanel.add(jLabel);

        // Swing已經寫好了默認關閉視窗的方法！
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

在swing中的容器和awt不一樣，導致這里的this.setBackground(Color.red);不生效，

應該先獲取一個容器，再給容器設定背景顏色，

this.setBackground(Color.red);
改成：
Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.red);

面板

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JpanelDemo extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JpanelDemo().init();
    }

    public void init() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        // 大容器裝兩行兩列的面板，之間有間距，
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,10,10));

        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,1));

        jPanel1.add(new Button("1"));
        jPanel1.add(new Button("1"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("2"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("2"));
        jPanel3.add(new Button("3"));
        jPanel3.add(new Button("3"));
        jPanel3.add(new Button("3"));
        jPanel3.add(new Button("3"));
        jPanel4.add(new Button("4"));

        container.add(jPanel1);
        container.add(jPanel2);
        container.add(jPanel3);
        container.add(jPanel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

JScroll面板

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo().init();
    }

    public void init() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("當內容過多時會常出現滾動條");

        // JScroll
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
		// 調整區域
        // scrollPane.setSize(100,100);

        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setTitle("滾動");
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

彈窗

默認就帶有關閉事件，

package Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }

    public DialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200, 200, 500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        
        // JFrame容器，放東西
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        // 絕對布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        JButton button = new JButton("點擊彈窗");
        // 用坐標定位組件的位置
        button.setBounds(30,30,100,100);

        container.add(button);

        // 點擊按鈕時彈出另個視窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // 跳出彈窗
                new MyDialog("標題","列印訊息");
            }
        });
    }
}


class MyDialog extends JDialog {
    // 彈窗自帶關閉事件
    public MyDialog(String title, String msg) {
        this.setTitle(title);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(350,350,200,200);

        JLabel label = new JLabel(msg);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
    }
}

標簽

標簽中放圖示

package Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo(15, 15);
    }

    public IconDemo() {}
    public IconDemo(int width,int height) {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;

        this.setTitle("圖示icon");
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        // 圖示放在標簽上，也可以放到按鈕上~
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icon", this, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        JButton jButton = new JButton("icon", this);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        // container.add(jButton);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

標簽中放圖片

package swing;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconTest extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconTest().init();
    }

    public void init() {
        this.setTitle("圖片標簽");
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel();
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        // 先加入標簽再設定圖片圖示
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);

        // 通過源代碼檔案的目錄獲取路徑
        URL url = ImageIconTest.class.getResource("white.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        System.out.println(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        
        // 創建圖片物件做左上角圖示icon
        Image image = null;
        try {
            image = ImageIO.read(url);
            this.setIconImage(image);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

按鈕

圖片按鈕

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JbuttonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JbuttonDemo01().init();

    }

    public void init() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        // 將一張圖片轉成圖示
        URL url = JbuttonDemo01.class.getResource("white.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        // 把圖示放在按鈕上
        JButton jButton = new JButton(icon);
        container.add(jButton);
        jButton.setToolTipText("這里可以提示文字");


        this.setTitle("圖片按鈕");
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

}

復選框

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * 復選框，JCheckBox
 */
public class JbuttonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JbuttonDemo02().init();

    }

    public void init() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        container.add(new JLabel("請選擇你喜歡的水果，可以選多個，"));
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("葡萄");
        JCheckBox checkBox2= new JCheckBox("草莓");
        JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("芒果");

        container.add(checkBox1);
        container.add(checkBox2);
        container.add(checkBox3);

        this.setTitle("復選框");
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

}

單選框

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 單選框，多選一
 * JRadioButton 圓點選區
 * 將多個復選加到一個組中ButtonGroup
 */
public class JbuttonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JbuttonDemo03().init();

    }

    public void init() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        container.add(new JLabel("你所屬的年級是"));
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("大一");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("大二");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("大三");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton4 = new JRadioButton("大四");

        // 由于單選框只能選擇一個，分組
        // 一個組只能選一個
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton4);

        container.add(jRadioButton1);
        container.add(jRadioButton2);
        container.add(jRadioButton3);
        container.add(jRadioButton4);

        this.setTitle("多選一");
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

}

串列

下拉框

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 下拉框 JComboBox
 */
public class JcomboxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JcomboxDemo().init();
    }
    public void init() {
        this.setTitle("下拉框");
        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
        jPanel.setBounds(50,50,100,100);


        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
        status.addItem("大英");
        status.addItem("高數");
        status.addItem("大物");

        jPanel.add(status);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(jPanel);



        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

串列框

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 串列框可以自動遍歷陣列內容
 * JList
 */
public class JListDemo extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JListDemo().init();
    }
    public void init() {
        this.setTitle("串列框");
        
        // 生成串列內容
        String[] contents = {"成員1", "成員2", "成員3"};
        // 將串列內容添加到串列框
        JList list = new JList(contents);
        
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(list);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

應用場景

選擇地區，或一些單個選項
串列展示資訊，一般是動態擴容~

文本框

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 文本框 JTextField
 * 密碼框 JPasswordField
 * 文本域 JTextArea
 */
public class TextDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo().init();
    }
    public void init(){
        this.setTitle("文本");
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("文本框");
        jTextField.setBounds(50,50,100,20);
        // 密碼框
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setBounds(50, 200, 100, 20);
        // 也可以手動設定
        // jPasswordField.setEchoChar('+');

        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea();
        jTextArea.setBounds(50, 300, 100, 80);

        container.add(jTextField);
        container.add(jPasswordField);
        container.add(jTextArea);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

表單自適應

package swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 通過當前螢屏顯示合適大小的表單
 */
public class WindowSize {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        int screenWidth = (int) screenSize.getWidth();
        int screenHeight = (int) screenSize.getHeight();
        System.out.println("螢屏寬度：" + screenWidth + "，螢屏高度：" + screenHeight);

        // 表單與螢屏占比
        double percent = 0.5;
        int frameWidth = (int) (screenWidth * percent);
        int frameHeight = (int) (screenHeight * percent);
        System.out.println("表單寬度：" + frameWidth + "，表單高度：" + frameHeight);


        int x = (screenWidth - frameWidth) / 2;
        int y = (screenHeight - frameHeight) / 2;
        System.out.println("相對坐標x：" + x + "，y：" + y);

        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setBounds(x,y,frameWidth,frameHeight);
    }


}

學習鏈接

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標籤：Java

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