Django 實作檔案上傳下載API

by:授客 QQ：1033553122 歡迎加入全國軟體測驗交流QQ群

開發環境

Win 10

Python 3.5.4

Django-2.0.13.tar.gz

官方下載地址：

https://www.djangoproject.com/download/2.0.13/tarball/

djangorestframework-3.9.4

下載地址：

https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework

附件表設計

fromdjango.dbimport models

# Create your models here.

# 附件表

classAttachment(models.Model):

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, verbose_name='自增id')

    name = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='附件名稱')

file_path = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='附件相對路徑')

create_time =  models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='上傳時間')

classMeta:

db_table = 'tb_attachment'

verbose_name = '附件表'

verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

專案urls.py配置

修改專案根目錄下的urls.py，添加以下帶背景色部分的代碼內容

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = '授客'

fromdjango.contribimport admin

fromdjango.urlsimport path

fromdjango.conf.urlsimport include

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('', include('mywebsite.urls'))

專案settings.py配置

在檔案末尾添加以下配置，用于存放附件

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media').replace('\\', '/')

應用view視圖撰寫

例中直接在views.py視圖撰寫視圖，代碼如下

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = '授客'

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import status

from .models import Attachment

from django.http import FileResponse

from django.utils import timezone

from django.conf import settings

import os

import uuid

importlogging

logger = logging.getLogger('mylogger')

# 批量創建目錄

defmkdirs_in_batch(path):

try:

        path = os.path.normpath(path)  # 去掉路徑最右側的 \\ 、/

path = path.replace('\\', '/') # 將所有的\\轉為/，避免出現轉義字串

head, tail = os.path.split(path)

if not os.path.isdir(path) and os.path.isfile(path):  # 如果path指向的是檔案，則分解檔案所在目錄

head, tail = os.path.split(head)

if tail == '': # head為根目錄，形如 / 、D:

return True

new_dir_path = ''  # 存放反轉后的目錄路徑

root = ''  # 存放根目錄

whiletail:

new_dir_path = new_dir_path + tail + '/'

head, tail = os.path.split(head)

root = head

else:

new_dir_path = root + new_dir_path

# 批量創建目錄

new_dir_path = os.path.normpath(new_dir_path)

head, tail = os.path.split(new_dir_path)

temp = ''

whiletail:

temp = temp + '/' + tail

dir_path = root + temp

if not os.path.isdir(dir_path):

os.mkdir(dir_path)

head, tail = os.path.split(head)

return True

exceptException as e:

logger.error('批量創建目錄出錯：%s' % e)

return False

classAttachmentAPIView(APIView):

# 上傳附件

defpost(self, request, format=None):

result = {}

try:

files = request.FILES

file = files.get('file')

if not file:

result['msg'] = '上傳失敗，未獲取到檔案'

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

# data = https://www.cnblogs.com/shouke/p/request.POST #獲取前端發送的，file之外的其它引數

# extra = data.get('extr')

file_name = file.name

attachment_name = file_name

creater = request.user.username

create_time = timezone.now()

time_str = create_time.strftime('%Y%m%d')

name, suffix = os.path.splitext(file_name)

file_name = str(uuid.uuid1()).replace('-', '') + time_str + suffix

file_relative_path = '/myapp/attachments/'+ time_str

file_absolute_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + file_relative_path

if not os.path.exists(file_absolute_path):# 路徑不存在

if not utils.mkdirs_in_batch(file_absolute_path):

result['msg'] = '批量創建路徑(%s)對應的目錄失敗' % file_absolute_path

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

file_relative_path += '/' + file_name

data['file_path'] = file_relative_path

file_absolute_path = file_absolute_path + '/' + file_name

file_handler = open(file_absolute_path, 'wb') # 打開特定的檔案進行二進制的寫操作

try:

for chunk in file.chunks(): # 分塊寫入檔案

file_handler.write(chunk)

finally:

file_handler.close()

# 記錄到資料庫

try:

obj = Attachment(file_path=file_path, name=attachment_name, create_time=create_time, creater=creater)

obj.save()

exceptException as e:

result['msg'] = '上傳失敗：%s' % e

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

result['msg'] = '上傳成功'

result['success'] = True

result['data'] = result_data

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_200_OK)

exceptException as e:

result['msg'] = '%s' % e

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

注意：這里采用UploadedFile.chunks()分塊寫入，而不是直接使用UploadedFile.read()一次性讀取整個檔案，是因為如果檔案比較大，一次性讀取過多內容，會占用系統過多的記憶體，進而讓系統變得更低效，默認的chunks分塊默認值為2.5M

file = files.get('file')# 注意：這里的字典key'file'要和前端提交form表單請求時，檔案物件對應的表單key保持一致，前端代碼如下

letform = newFormData();

form.append("file", file);

# 洗掉附件

def delete(self, request, format=None):

result = {}

try:

data = https://www.cnblogs.com/shouke/p/request.data

attachment_id = data.get('attachment_id')

obj = Attachment.objects.filter(id=attachment_id).first()

ifobj:

file_absoulte_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + '/'+ obj.file_path

ifos.path.exists(file_absoulte_path) and os.path.isfile(file_absoulte_path):

os.remove(file_absoulte_path)

obj.delete()

result['msg'] = '洗掉成功'

result['success'] = True

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_200_OK)

exceptException as e:

result['msg'] = '%s' % e

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

# 下載附件

defget(self, request, format=None):

result = {}

try:

data = https://www.cnblogs.com/shouke/p/request.GET

attachment_id = data.get('attachmentId')

obj = Attachment.objects.filter(id=attachment_id).first()

ifobj:

file_absoulte_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT+ obj.file_path

ifos.path.exists(file_absoulte_path) and os.path.isfile(file_absoulte_path):

file = open(file_absoulte_path, 'rb')

file_response = FileResponse(file)

file_response['Content-Type']='application/octet-stream'

file_response["Access-Control-Expose-Headers"] = 'Content-Disposition' # 設定可以作為回應的一部分暴露給外部的請求頭，如果缺少這行代碼，會導致前端請求回應中看不到該請求頭

file_response['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename={}'.format(urlquote(obj.name)) # 這里使用urlquote函式主要為針對檔案名為中文時，對檔案名進行編碼，編碼后，前端獲取的檔案名稱形如“%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B”

returnfile_response

else:

result['msg'] = '請求失敗,資源不存在'

result['success'] = False

else:

result['msg'] = '請求失敗,資源不存在'

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_200_OK)

exceptException as e:

result['msg'] = '%s' % e

result['success'] = False

returnResponse(result, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

說明：

file_response = FileResponse(file)，可以在引入StreamingHttpResponse之后（from django.http import StreamingHttpResponse）,替換為

file_response = StreamingHttpResponse(file)

前端獲取回應頭中檔案名方法如下：

let disposition = res.headers["content-disposition"];

let filename = decodeURI(disposition.replace("attachment;filename=", "") );

# do something,比如下載：

link.setAttribute("download", filename);

應用urls.py配置

新建urls.py，檔案內容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = '授客'

from django.urlsimport re_path

from.views import AttachmentAPIView

urlpatterns = [

...

re_path('^api/v1/testcase/\d+/attachment$', testcase_attachment_views.TestcaseAttachmentAPIView.as_view()), # 給測驗用例添加附件

re_path('^api/v1/testcase/\d+/attachment/\d+$', testcase_attachment_views.TestcaseAttachmentAPIView.as_view()), # 洗掉、下載測驗用例關聯的附件

]

前端實作

略

參考鏈接

https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/file-uploads/

https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.0/ref/files/uploads/

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/houduan/211549.html

標籤：Python

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Django 實作檔案上傳下載API

開發環境

附件表設計

專案urls.py配置

專案settings.py配置

應用view視圖撰寫

應用urls.py配置

前端實作

參考鏈接