1.Ribbon簡介
(1).Ribbon介紹
Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon實作的一套客戶端負載均衡的工具,
Ribbon是Netflix發布的開源專案,主要功能是提供客戶端的軟體負載均衡演算法,將Netflix的中間層服務連接在一起,Ribbon客戶端組件提供一系列完善的配置項如連接超時,重試等,簡單的說,就是在組態檔中列出Load Balancer(簡稱LB)后面所有的機器,Ribbon會自動的幫助你基于某種規則(如簡單輪詢,隨機連接等)去連接這些機器,我們也很容易使用Ribbon實作自定義的負載均衡演算法,
(2).Ribbon作用
Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon實作的一套客戶端負載均衡(LB)的工具,
LB(負載均衡):集中式LB和行程內LB,
集中式LB:即在服務的消費方和提供方之間使用獨立的LB設施(可以是硬體,如F5, 也可以是軟體,如nginx), 由該設施負責把訪問請求通過某種策略轉發至服務的提供方;
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F5:https://baike.baidu.com/item/F5%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88/1121377?fr=aladdin |
行程內LB:將LB邏輯集成到消費方,消費方從服務注冊中心獲知有哪些地址可用,然后自己再從這些地址中選擇出一個合適的服務器,
Ribbon就屬于行程內LB,它只是一個類別庫,集成于消費方行程,消費方通過它來獲取到服務提供方的地址,
官方檔案:
https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki
https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started

2.Ribbon配置

修改microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80工程
(1).修改pom.xml檔案
修改部分:
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<!-- Ribbon相關 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> |
完整部分:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId> <!--<description>部門微服務消費者</description>-->
<dependencies> <dependency><!-- 自己定義的api --> <!--注意:groupId我們需要由com.hosystem.springcloud 變成com.hosystem就不會出現'Dependency 'com.hosystem.springcloud:microservicecloud-api:1.0-SNAPSHOT' not found'錯誤--> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,熱部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency>
<!-- Ribbon相關 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
</project> |
(2).修改application.yml
追加eureka的服務注冊地址,
修改部分:
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eureka: client: register-with-eureka: false service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ |
完整部分:
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server: port: 80
eureka: client: register-with-eureka: false service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ |
(3).修改ConfigBean.java
對ConfigBean進行新注解@LoadBalanced,獲得Rest時加入Ribbon的配置;
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package com.hosystem.springcloud.cfgbeans;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration public class ConfigBean //boot ---> spring applicationContext.xml === @Configuration配置 ConfigBean = applicationContext.xml { @Bean @LoadBalanced //Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon實作的一套客戶端負載均衡的工具, public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
//applicationContext.xml ---> @Configuration public class ConfigBean {} //<bean id=UserService" font-size: 18px"> 主啟動類DeptConsumer80_App添加@EnableEurekaClient
(5).修改DeptController_Consumer.java修改DeptController_Consumer客戶端訪問類
(6).啟動eureka、provider、consumer先啟動3個eureka7001、eureka7002、eureka7003集群后,再啟動microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001并注冊進eureka,最后啟動microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80, (7).測驗
(8).總結Ribbon和Eureka整合后Consumer可以直接呼叫服務而不用再關心地址和埠號 3.Ribbon負載均衡 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8002</artifactId>
<dependencies> <dependency><!-- 引入自己定義的api通用包,可以使用Dept部門Entity --> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,熱部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency>
<!-- 將微服務provider側注冊進eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency>
<!-- actuator監控資訊完善 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> |
[2].配置provider8003 pom檔案
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8003</artifactId>
<dependencies> <dependency><!-- 引入自己定義的api通用包,可以使用Dept部門Entity --> <groupId>com.hosystem</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,熱部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency>
<!-- 將微服務provider側注冊進eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency>
<!-- actuator監控資訊完善 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> |
(4).配置yml檔案
修改的地方有埠、資料庫鏈接、實體id(instance-id);對外暴露的統一服務實體名一定不能修改(name: microservicecloud-dept)
[1].配置provider8002 yml檔案
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server: port: 8002
mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis組態檔所在路徑 type-aliases-package: com.hosytem.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity別名類所在包 mapper-locations: - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml # mapper映射檔案
#name spring.application.name=microservicecloud-dept 很重要很重要很重要 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-dept datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 當前資料源操作型別 driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驅動包 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.188.188:3306/cloudDB02 # 資料庫名稱 username: root password: 123456 dbcp2: min-idle: 5 # 資料庫連接池的最小維持連接數 initial-size: 5 # 初始化連接數 max-total: 5 # 最大連接數 max-wait-millis: 200 # 等待連接獲取的最大超時時間
eureka: client: #客戶端注冊進eureka服務串列內 service-url: # defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8002 prefer-ip-address: true #訪問路徑可以顯示IP地址 info: app.name: hosystem-microservicecloud company.name: www.hosystem.com build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ build.version: $project.version$ |
[2].配置provider8003 yml檔案
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server: port: 8003
mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis組態檔所在路徑 type-aliases-package: com.hosytem.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity別名類所在包 mapper-locations: - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml # mapper映射檔案
#name spring.application.name=microservicecloud-dept 很重要很重要很重要 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-dept datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 當前資料源操作型別 driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驅動包 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.188.188:3306/cloudDB03 # 資料庫名稱 username: root password: 123456 dbcp2: min-idle: 5 # 資料庫連接池的最小維持連接數 initial-size: 5 # 初始化連接數 max-total: 5 # 最大連接數 max-wait-millis: 200 # 等待連接獲取的最大超時時間
eureka: client: #客戶端注冊進eureka服務串列內 service-url: # defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8003 prefer-ip-address: true #訪問路徑可以顯示IP地址 info: app.name: hosystem-microservicecloud company.name: www.hosystem.com build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ build.version: $project.version$ |
(5).配置主啟動類
[1].DeptProvider8002_App
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[2].DeptProvider8002_App
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(6).創建資料庫database8002、database8003
新建8002/8003資料庫,各自微服務分別連各自的資料庫,
[1].創建database8002
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DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB02;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB02 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB02;
CREATE TABLE dept ( deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, dname VARCHAR(60), db_source VARCHAR(60) );
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('開發部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('財務部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市場部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('運維部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept; |
[2].創建database8003
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DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB03;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB03 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB03;
CREATE TABLE dept ( deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, dname VARCHAR(60), db_source VARCHAR(60) );
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('開發部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('財務部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市場部',DATABASE()); INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('運維部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept; |
(7).啟動eureka、provider、consumer
啟動3個eureka集群配置區,在啟動provider后,我們需要隨便打開一個eureka看provider是否都注冊上了,

啟動3個provider微服務并各自測驗通過
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http://localhost:8001/dept/list http://localhost:8002/dept/list http://localhost:8003/dept/list |

啟動microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80

(8).訪問Dept微服務
客戶端通過Ribbo完成負載均衡并訪問上一步的Dept微服務
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http://localhost/consumer/dept/list |
注意觀察看到回傳的資料庫名字,各不相同,負載均衡實作 
(9).總結
Ribbon其實就是一個軟負載均衡的客戶端組件,他可以和其他所需請求的客戶端結合使用,和eureka結合只是其中的一個實體,
4.Ribbon核心組件

(1).查看IRle介面
(2).查看IRleILoadBalancer介面
(3).查看AbstractLoadBalancer介面
(4).使用RandomRule演算法
修改consumer-dept-80的ConfigBean.java.
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package com.hosystem.springcloud.cfgbeans;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration public class ConfigBean //boot ---> spring applicationContext.xml === @Configuration配置 ConfigBean = applicationContext.xml { @Bean @LoadBalanced //Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon實作的一套客戶端負載均衡的工具, public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
//選擇我們使用的演算法 // RoundRobinRule:輪詢 // RandomRule:隨機 // AvailabilityFilteringRule:先過濾多次訪問故障處于斷路器跳閘狀態的服務,還有并發的連接數量超過閾值的服務,然后對剩余的服務串列按照輪詢策略進行訪問 // WeightedResponseTimeRule:根據平均回應時間計算所有服務的權重,回應時間越快服務權重越大被選中的概率越高,剛啟動時如果統計資訊不足,則使用RoundRobinRule策略,等統計資訊足夠,會切換到WeightedResponseTimeRule // RetryRule:先按照RoundRobinRule的策略獲取服務,如果獲取服務失敗則在指定時間內會進行重試,獲取可用的服務 // BestAvailableRule:會先過濾掉由于多次訪問故障而處于斷路器跳閘狀態的服務,然后選擇一個并發量最小的服務 // ZoneAvoidanceRule:默認規則,復合判斷server所在區域的性能和server的可用性選擇服務器 @Bean public IRule myRule(){
// return new RoundRobinRule(); //輪詢演算法 // return new RandomRule(); //隨機演算法 return new RetryRule(); //先按照RoundRobinRule的策略獲取服務,如果獲取服務失敗則在指定時間內會進行重試,獲取可用的服務 } }
//applicationContext.xml ---> @Configuration public class ConfigBean {} //<bean id=UserService" font-size: 18px"> 修改microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 (1).修改主啟動類修改consumer-dept-80的主啟動類
(2).配置事項官方檔案明確給出了警告:這個自定義配置類不能放在@ComponentScan所掃描的當前包下以及子包下,否則我們自定義的這個配置類就會被所有的Ribbon客戶端所共享,也就是說我們達不到特殊化定制的目的了, 簡單說,就是我們不能夠在主啟動類(DeptConsumer80_App)所在的包及其子包下創建我們自定義規則類, 如,我們新創建了myrule包,不能夠創建在springcloud包下,因為主啟動類在springcloud包下了, (3).自定義步驟[1].新建package根據配置事項,我們得知需要重新創建一個包不能和主啟動類在一個包下,我們創建com.hosystem.myrule包, [2].自定義Robbin規則類
[3].修改主啟動類
[4].測驗
(4).自定義規則深度決議依舊輪詢策略,但是加上新需求,每個服務器要求被呼叫5次,也即以前是每臺機器一次,現在是每臺機器5次, [1].原始碼決議
[2].RandomRule_Hosystem.java參考原始碼修改為我們需求要求的RandomRule_Hosystem.java
[3].MySelfRule.java
[4].測驗
參考檔案: https://baike.baidu.com/item/F5%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88/1121377?fr=aladdin https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/blob/master/ribbon-loadbalancer/src/main/java/com/netflix/loadbalancer/RandomRule.java 轉載請註明出處,本文鏈接:https://www.uj5u.com/houduan/231300.html 標籤:Java 上一篇:mediasoup-client android studio java開發 下一篇:大佬們救救孩子吧
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