基本常用指令
pwd: print work directory 列印當前目錄 顯示出當前作業目錄的絕對路徑
ps: process status(行程狀態，類似于windows的任務管理器)
常用引數：－auxf
ps -auxf 顯示行程狀態
df: disk free 其功能是顯示磁盤可用空間數目資訊及空間結點資訊，換句話說，就是報告在任何安裝的設備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間，
du: Disk usage
rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的發明之一
rmdir：Remove Directory（洗掉目錄）
rm：Remove（洗掉目錄或檔案）
cat: concatenate 連鎖
cat file1file2>>file3 把檔案1和檔案2的內容聯合起來放到file3中
insmod: install module,載入模塊
ln -s : link -soft 創建一個軟鏈接，相當于創建一個快捷方式
mkdir：Make Directory(創建目錄)
touch: touch
man: Manual
su：Swith user(切換用戶)
cd：Change directory
ls：List files
ps：Process Status
mkdir：Make directory
rmdir：Remove directory
mkfs: Make file system
fsck：File system check
uname: Unix name
lsmod: List modules
mv: Move file
rm: Remove file
cp: Copy file
ln: Link files
fg: Foreground
bg: Background
chown: Change owner
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode
umount: Unmount
dd: 本來應根據其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名為"cc"，但"cc"已經被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名為"dd"
tar：Tape archive （磁帶檔案）
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
insmod：Install module
rmmod：Remove module
lsmod：List module
檔案結尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（執行順序號）；xxx（服務標識）
.a（擴展名a）：Archive，static library
.so（擴展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
.o（擴展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
RPM：Red hat package manager
dpkg：Debian package manager
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的發行版中提供）
yum常用命令
1. 列出所有可更新的軟體清單命令：yum check-update
2. 更新所有軟體命令：yum update
3. 僅安裝指定的軟體命令：yum install <package_name>
4. 僅更新指定的軟體命令：yum update <package_name>
5. 列出所有可安裝的軟體清單命令：yum list
6. 洗掉軟體包命令：yum remove <package_name>
7. 查找軟體包命令：yum search <keyword>
8. 清除快取命令:
yum clean packages: 清除快取目錄下的軟體包
yum clean headers: 清除快取目錄下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders: 清除快取目錄下舊的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除快取目錄下的軟體包及舊的 headers
其他 Linux 命令縮寫
bin = Binaries (二進制檔案)
/dev = Devices (設備)
/etc = Etcetera (等等)
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = Processes
/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超級用戶的二進制檔案)
/tmp = Temporary (臨時)
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = Variable (變數)
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS= Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My 是最初作者女兒的名字，
SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(實際的抽取和報告語言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
Python 得名于電視劇Monty Python’s Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = “a patchy” server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三個作者的姓的第一個字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely養的一條狗,喜歡對郵遞員汪汪叫，
cal = Calendar (日歷)
cat = Catenate (鏈接)
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = Change Group
chmod = Change Mode
chown = Change Owner
chsh = Change Shell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm = common
cp = Copy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希臘文時間
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump (磁盤轉儲)
df = Disk Free
diff = Difference
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute (執行)
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe’s Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
ln = Link
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = Make Node
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = Move
nano = Nano’s ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = Passwd
pg = pager
pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = Print Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream Editor
seq = SEQuence
shar = Shell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure Shell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersion
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管介面)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τ?χνη的縮寫，希臘文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom’s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User’s LIMIT
umask = User’s MASK
uniq = UNIQue
i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation
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標籤：Python