Application Context定義
簡單來說就是Spring中的高級容器，可以獲取容器中的各種bean組件，注冊監聽事件，加載資源檔案等功能，
具體定義可以參考官網：https://spring.io/understanding/application-context
Understanding Application Context
The ApplicationContext is the central interface within a Spring application for providing configuration information to the application. It is read-only at run time, but can be reloaded if necessary and supported by the application. A number of classes implement the ApplicationContext interface, allowing for a variety of configuration options and types of applications.
The ApplicationContext provides:
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Bean factory methods for accessing application components.
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The ability to load file resources in a generic fashion.
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The ability to publish events to registered listeners.
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The ability to resolve messages to support internationalization.
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Inheritance from a parent context.
Application Context獲取的幾種方式
1、直接注入
@Resource
private ApplicationContext ctx;
2、實作ApplicationContextAware介面（推薦）
WebApplicationObjectSupport extends ApplicationObjectSupport implements ServletContextAware
從上面的繼承關系看，獲取Application Context還可以繼承WebApplicationObjectSupport 、ApplicationObjectSupport，繼承加強耦合性不推薦，
3、WebApplicationContextUtils工具類
ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(request.getSession().getServletContext());
4、從當前執行緒系結獲取（Spring boot不支持）
ApplicationContext ctx = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
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