作者:廢物大師兄
來源:www.cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/14075486.html
SkyWalking 是一個應用性能監控系統,特別為微服務、云原生和基于容器(Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos)體系結構而設計,
除了應用指標監控以外,它還能對分布式呼叫鏈路進行追蹤,類似功能的組件還有:Zipkin、Pinpoint、CAT等,
上幾張圖,看看效果,然后再一步一步搭建并使用,




1、概念與架構
SkyWalking是一個開源監控平臺,用于從服務和云原生基礎設施收集、分析、聚合和可視化資料,SkyWalking提供了一種簡單的方法來維護分布式系統的清晰視圖,甚至可以跨云查看,它是一種現代APM,專門為云原生、基于容器的分布式系統設計,
SkyWalking從三個維度對應用進行監視:service(服務), service instance(實體), endpoint(端點)
服務和實體就不多說了,端點是服務中的某個路徑或者說URI
SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.
SkyWalking允許用戶了解服務和端點之間的拓撲關系,查看每個服務/服務實體/端點的度量,并設定警報規則,
1.1. 架構

SkyWalking邏輯上分為四個部分:Probes(探針), Platform backend(平臺后端), Storage(存盤), UI
這個結構就很清晰了,探針就是Agent負責采集資料并上報給服務端,服務端對資料進行處理和存盤,UI負責展示

2、下載與安裝
SkyWalking有兩中版本,ES版本和非ES版,
如果我們決定采用ElasticSearch作為存盤,那么就下載es版本,
https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/
https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/


agent目錄將來要拷貝到各服務所在機器上用作探針
bin目錄是服務啟動腳本
config目錄是組態檔
oap-libs目錄是oap服務運行所需的jar包
webapp目錄是web服務運行所需的jar包
接下來,要選擇存盤了,支持的存盤有:
- H2
- ElasticSearch 6, 7
- MySQL
- TiDB
- InfluxDB
作為監控系統,首先排除H2和MySQL,這里推薦InfluxDB,它本身就是時序資料庫,非常適合這種場景
但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉,所以這里先用ElasticSearch7
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md
2.1. 安裝ElasticSearch
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html
# 啟動
./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
# 停止
pkill -F pid

ElasticSearch7.x需要Java 11以上的版本,但是如果你設定了環境變數JAVA_HOME的話,它會用你自己的Java版本
通常,啟動程序中會報以下三個錯誤:
[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
[2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured
解決方法:
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 檔案中追加以下內容:
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 4096
* hard nproc 4096
可通過以下四個命令查看修改結果:
ulimit -Hn
ulimit -Sn
ulimit -Hu
ulimit -Su
修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 檔案,追加以下內容:
vm.max_map_count=262144
修改es組態檔 elasticsearch.yml 取消注釋,保留一個節點
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
為了能夠ip:port方式訪問,還需修改網路配置
network.host: 0.0.0.0
修改完是這樣的:


至此,ElasticSearch算是啟動成功了
一個節點還不夠,這里用三個節點搭建一個集群
192.168.100.14 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-1
network.host: 192.168.100.14
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
192.168.100.15 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-2
network.host: 192.168.100.15
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
192.168.100.19 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-3
network.host: 192.168.100.19
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.100.14:9300", "192.168.100.15:9300", "192.168.100.19:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]
同時,建議修改三個節點config/jvm.options
-Xms2g
-Xmx2g
依次啟動三個節點
pkill -F pid
./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid



接下來,修改skywalking下config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可
storage:
selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7}
elasticsearch7:
nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.14:9200,192.168.100.15:9200,192.168.100.19:9200}
2.2. 安裝Agent
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md
將agent目錄拷貝至各服務所在的機器上
scp -r ./agent [email protected]:~/
這里,我將它拷貝至各個服務目錄下

plugins是探針用到各種插件,SkyWalking插件都是即插即用的,可以把optional-plugins中的插件放到plugins中
修改 agent/config/agent.config 組態檔,也可以通過命令列引數指定
主要是配置服務名稱和后端服務地址
agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center}
collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800}
當然,也可以通過環境變數或系統屬性的方式來設定,例如:
export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800
最后,在服務啟動的時候用命令列引數 -javaagent 來指定探針
java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar
例如:
java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
3、啟動服務
修改 webapp/webapp.yml 檔案,更改埠號及后端服務地址
server:
port: 9000
collector:
path: /graphql
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 10000
# Point to all backend's restHost:restPort, split by ,
listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800
啟動服務
bin/startup.sh
或者分別依次啟動
bin/oapService.sh
bin/webappService.sh
查看logs目錄下的日志檔案,看是否啟動成功
瀏覽器訪問 http://127.0.0.1:9000
4、告警

編輯 alarm-settings.yml 設定告警規則和通知
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md
重點說下告警通知


為了使用釘釘機器人通知,接下來,新建一個專案:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.4.0</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.wt.monitor</groupId>
<artifactId>skywalking-alarm</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>skywalking-alarm</name>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
<artifactId>alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.75</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Spring Boot 基礎就不介紹了,推薦看下這個教程:
https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
可選依賴(不建議引入)
<dependency
<groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId>
<artifactId>server-core</artifactId>
<version>8.2.0</version>
</dependency>
定義告警訊息物體類:
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author ChengJianSheng
* @date 2020/12/1
*/
@Data
public class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable {
private int scopeId;
private String scope;
/**
* Target scope entity name
*/
private String name;
private String id0;
private String id1;
private String ruleName;
/**
* Alarm text message
*/
private String alarmMessage;
/**
* Alarm time measured in milliseconds
*/
private long startTime;
}
發送釘釘機器人訊息:
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service;
import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest;
import com.taobao.api.ApiException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
/**
* https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
* @author ChengJianSheng
* @data 2020/12/1
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DingTalkAlarmService {
@Value("${dingtalk.webhook}")
private String webhook;
@Value("${dingtalk.secret}")
private String secret;
public void sendMessage(String content) {
try {
Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret;
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256"));
byte[] signData = https://www.cnblogs.com/javastack/p/mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8"));
String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");
String serverUrl = webhook + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign;
DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl);
OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest();
request.setMsgtype("text");
OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text();
text.setContent(content);
request.setText(text);
client.execute(request);
} catch (ApiException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
AlarmController.java
package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author ChengJianSheng
* @date 2020/12/1
*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/skywalking")
public class AlarmController {
@Autowired
private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;
@PostMapping("/alarm")
public void alarm(@RequestBody List<AlarmMessageDTO> alarmMessageDTOList) {
log.info("收到告警資訊: {}", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList));
if (null != alarmMessageDTOList) {
alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----來自SkyWalking的告警-----\n【名稱】: {0}\n【訊息】: {1}\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage())));
}
}
}

參考檔案:
https://skywalking.apache.org/
https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/\
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs
https://archive.apache.org/dist/
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html
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