目錄
- 什么是JSP
- JSP原理
- JSP原始碼分析
- JSP流程圖
- JSP頁面轉java代碼
- JSP基礎語法
- 示例
- 創建maven-archetype-webapp專案
- 替換web.xml為最新版本
- 查詢https://mvnrepository.com,添加依賴到pom.xml
- 配置Tomcat
- JSP基礎語法
- JSP運算式
- JSP腳本
- JSP檔案生成的java檔案
- JSP宣告
- 區別:JSP宣告會被編譯到JSP生成的java類中,JSP運算式和JSP宣告則會被編譯到JSP生成的_jspService方法中
- 示例
- JSP指令
- page 定義網頁屬性
- include 包含其他頁面
- taglib 引入標簽庫
- 9大內置物件
- JSP標簽、JSTL標簽、EL運算式
- 需要依賴的包
- JSP標簽
- JSTL標簽
- 安裝使用步驟
- 核心標簽
- 格式化標簽
- SQL 標簽
- XML 標簽
- JSTL 函式
- EL運算式
- 獲取資料
- 執行運算
- 獲取web開發的常用物件
- JavaBean-物體類
- JavaBean有特定的寫法
- ORM-物件關系映射
什么是JSP
Java Server Pages Java服務器端頁面,和Servlet一樣,用于動態Web技術
特點:寫JSP,就像寫HTML一樣
與HTML的區別:
- HTML只能給用戶提供靜態的資料
- JSP頁面中可以嵌入Java代碼,為用戶提供動態資料
JSP原理
- Tomcat中有一個work目錄

- IDEA中使用Tomcat會在IDEA的Tomcat中產生一個work目錄

- jsp檔案會轉為java程式
- 瀏覽器向服務器發送請求,不管訪問什么資源,其實都是在訪問Servlet
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.43
* Generated at: 2021-03-16 15:12:15 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_classes = null;
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
return;
}
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允許 GET、POST 或 HEAD,Jasper 還允許 OPTIONS");
return;
}
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write("<html>\n");
out.write("<body>\n");
out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>\n");
out.write("</body>\n");
out.write("</html>\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
JSP原始碼分析
// 初始化
public void _jspInit() {
}
// 銷毀
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
//JSPService
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
// 1.判斷請求
if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
return;
}
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允許 GET、POST 或 HEAD,Jasper 還允許 OPTIONS");
return;
}
}
// 2.內置物件
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;// 頁面背景關系
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;// 會話
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;// Servlet背景關系
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;// config
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;// out
final java.lang.Object page = this;// page當前頁面
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
// 3.輸出頁面前增加的代碼,以下的物件可以在jsp頁面中直接使用
response.setContentType("text/html");// 設定回應的頁面型別
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
// 4.輸出頁面
out.write("<html>\n");
out.write("<body>\n");
out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>\n");
out.write("</body>\n");
out.write("</html>\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
JSP流程圖

JSP頁面轉java代碼
- 頁面中的java代碼,會直接應用到java代碼中
- 頁面中的HTML代碼,會轉換為
out.write("<html>");,輸出到頁面
JSP基礎語法
示例
創建maven-archetype-webapp專案

替換web.xml為最新版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
</web-app>
查詢https://mvnrepository.com,添加依賴到pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.qing</groupId>
<artifactId>javaweb-jsp</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--Servlet依賴-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--JSP依賴-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--JSTL運算式依賴-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/jstl-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--standard標簽庫-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
配置Tomcat

JSP基礎語法
JSP作為java技術的一種應用,它擁有一些自己擴充的語法,java所有語法都支持,
JSP運算式
<%--JSP運算式
作用:用來將程式的輸出,輸出到客戶端
語法:<%= 變數或者運算式 %>
--%>
<%=new java.util.Date()%>
<hr>
<%=2*3%>
JSP腳本
<%--JSP腳本
作用:用來寫java方法內代碼
語法:<% java方法類代碼 %>
--%>
<%
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
sum += i;
}
out.println("<h1>sum=" + sum + "</h1>");
%>
<%--在代碼中嵌入HTML--%>
<%
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
%>
<h1>hello,world <%=i%></h1>
<%
}
%>

JSP檔案生成的java檔案
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
return;
}
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允許 GET、POST 或 HEAD,Jasper 還允許 OPTIONS");
return;
}
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write("<html>\n");
out.write("<body>\n");
out.write('\n');
out.print(new java.util.Date());
out.write("\n");
out.write("<hr>\n");
out.print(2*3);
out.write("\n");
out.write("<hr>\n");
out.write('\n');
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
sum += i;
}
out.println("<h1>sum=" + sum + "</h1>");
out.write('\n');
out.write('\n');
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
out.write("\n");
out.write("<h1>hello,world ");
out.print(i);
out.write("</h1>\n");
}
out.write("\n");
out.write("</body>\n");
out.write("</html>\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
JSP宣告
<%--JSP宣告
作用:用來寫java類內代碼
語法:<%! java類內代碼 %>
--%>
<%!
static {
System.out.println("靜態代碼塊");
}
private int globalVal = 0;
public void test() {
System.out.println(globalVal);
}
%>
生成的java代碼
static {
System.out.println("靜態代碼塊");
}
private int globalVal = 0;
public void test() {
System.out.println(globalVal);
}
區別:JSP宣告會被編譯到JSP生成的java類中,JSP運算式和JSP宣告則會被編譯到JSP生成的_jspService方法中
JSP指令
page 定義網頁屬性
<%--導包--%>
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%--定制錯誤頁面,錯誤時跳轉到自定義錯誤頁面--%>
<%@ page errorPage="error/500.jsp" %>
<%--顯式宣告這是一個錯誤頁面--%>
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
<%--定義頁面編碼--%>
<%@ page pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
include 包含其他頁面
<%--jsp指令--%>
<%--引入公用頭部--%>
<%@ include file="common/header.jsp"%>
<h1>網頁主體</h1>
<%--引入公用底部--%>
<%@ include file="common/footer.jsp"%>
<%--兩者的區別:
jsp指令,會將兩個頁面合并到本頁面
jsp標簽,拼接頁面,本質還是三個頁面
jsp標簽比較常用,注:jsp標簽路徑加/,代表web根目錄
--%>
<%--jsp標簽--%>
<%--引入公用頭部--%>
<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>網頁主體</h1>
<%--引入公用底部--%>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>
taglib 引入標簽庫
9大內置物件
- javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request
- javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response
- javax.servlet.ServletException exception
- javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext
- javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session
- javax.servlet.ServletContext application
- javax.servlet.ServletConfig config
- javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out
- java.lang.Object page = this
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--內置物件--%>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("name1", "1號");// 保存的資料在一個頁面有效
request.setAttribute("name2", "2號");// 保存的資料在一個請求有效,請求轉發會攜帶這個資料
session.setAttribute("name3", "3號");// 保存的資料在一個回話有效,從打開瀏覽器到關閉瀏覽器
application.setAttribute("name4", "4號");// 保存的資料在服務器中有效,從啟動服務器到關閉服務器
%>
<%--腳本片段中的代碼會原封不動的生成到jsp.java,所以jsp腳本中的代碼遵守java語法,注釋也用java注釋--%>
<%
// 從pageContext中取值,通過尋找的方式來,從底層到高層(作用域):pageContext<request<session<application
String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");
%>
<%--使用JSP運算式和EL運算式輸出的區別:針對沒有的資料,JSP運算式會輸出null,EL運算式不會輸出--%>
<h1>JSP運算式輸出值</h1>
<h3><%=name1%></h3>
<h3><%=name2%></h3>
<h3><%=name3%></h3>
<h3><%=name4%></h3>
<h3><%=name5%></h3>
<hr>
<h1>EL運算式輸出值</h1>
<h3>${name1}</h3>
<h3>${name2}</h3>
<h3>${name3}</h3>
<h3>${name4}</h3>
<h3>${name5}</h3>
</body>
</html>
JSP標簽、JSTL標簽、EL運算式
需要依賴的包
<!--JSTL運算式依賴-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/jstl-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--standard標簽庫-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
JSP標簽
<%--包含頁面--%>
<jsp:include page="header.jsp"></jsp:include>
<%--請求轉發--%>
<jsp:forward page="500.jsp">
<jsp:param name="id" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/wl3pb/p/1"></jsp:param>
<jsp:param name="name" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/wl3pb/p/張三豐"></jsp:param>
</jsp:forward>
JSTL標簽
https://www.runoob.com/jsp/jsp-jstl.html
JSTL標簽庫的使用是為了彌補HTML標簽的不足,它自定義了許多標簽,可以供我們使用,標簽的功能和java代碼一樣,
安裝使用步驟
- Tomcat安裝JSTL標簽庫

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt-rt</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt-rt.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core-rt</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c-rt.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql-rt</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql-rt.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/x</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/x-rt</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x-rt.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
</web-app>
- 使用任何庫,必須在每個 JSP 檔案中的頭部包含
標簽,
核心標簽
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

格式化標簽
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>

SQL 標簽
<%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" %>

XML 標簽
<%@ taglib prefix="x" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml" %>

JSTL 函式
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>

EL運算式
獲取資料
執行運算
獲取web開發的常用物件
JavaBean-物體類
JavaBean有特定的寫法
- 必須有一個無參構造,如果沒有有參構造,無參構造隱式默認有
- 屬性必須私有化private
- 必須有對應的get/set方法
一般用來和資料庫的欄位做映射
ORM-物件關系映射
- 表-->類
- 欄位-->屬性
- 行記錄-->物件
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標籤:Java
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