1.1 分析JDBC操作問題
public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { // 加載資料庫驅動 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 通過驅動管理類獲取資料庫鏈接 connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis? characterEncoding=utf-8", "root", "root"); // 定義sql陳述句?表示占位符 String sql = "select * from user where username = ?"; // 獲取預處理statement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 設定引數,第?個引數為sql陳述句中引數的序號(從1開始),第?個引數為設定的引數值 preparedStatement.setString(1, "tom"); // 向資料庫發出sql執?查詢,查詢出結果集 resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); // 遍歷查詢結果集 while (resultSet.next()) { int id = resultSet.getInt("id"); String username = resultSet.getString("username"); // 封裝User user.setId(id); user.setUsername(username); } System.out.println(user); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 釋放資源 if (resultSet != null) { try { resultSet.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); if (preparedStatement != null) { try { preparedStatement.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (connection != null) { try { connection.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
JDBC問題總結: 原始jdbc開發存在的問題如下: 1、 資料庫連接創建、釋放頻繁造成系統資源浪費,從?影響系統性能, 2、 Sql陳述句在代碼中硬編碼,造成代碼不易維護,實際應?中sql變化的可能較?,sql變動需要改變 java代碼, 3、 使?preparedStatement向占有位符號傳引數存在硬編碼,因為sql陳述句的where條件不?定,可能 多也可能少,修改sql還要修改代碼,系統不易維護, 4、 對結果集決議存在硬編碼(查詢列名),sql變化導致決議代碼變化,系統不易維護,如果能將資料 庫 記錄封裝成pojo物件決議?較?便 1.2 問題解決思路 ①使?資料庫連接池初始化連接資源 ②將sql陳述句抽取到xml配置?件中 ③使?反射、內省等底層技術,?動將物體與表進?屬性與欄位的?動映射 1.3 ?定義框架設計 使?端: 提供核?配置?件: sqlMapConfig.xml : 存放資料源資訊,引?mapper.xml Mapper.xml : sql陳述句的配置?件資訊 框架端: 1.讀取配置?件 讀取完成以后以流的形式存在,我們不能將讀取到的配置資訊以流的形式存放在記憶體中,不好操作,可 以創建javaBean來存盤 (1)Configuration : 存放資料庫基本資訊、Map<唯?標識,Mapper> 唯?標識:namespace + "." + id (2)MappedStatement:sql陳述句、statement型別、輸?引數java型別、輸出引數java型別 2.決議配置?件 創建sqlSessionFactoryBuilder類: ?法:sqlSessionFactory build(): 第?:使?dom4j決議配置?件,將決議出來的內容封裝到Configuration和MappedStatement中 第?:創建SqlSessionFactory的實作類DefaultSqlSession 3.創建SqlSessionFactory: ?法:openSession() : 獲取sqlSession接?的實作類實體物件 4.創建sqlSession接?及實作類:主要封裝crud?法 ?法:selectList(String statementId,Object param):查詢所有 selectOne(String statementId,Object param):查詢單個 具體實作:封裝JDBC完成對資料庫表的查詢操作 涉及到的設計模式: Builder構建者設計模式、??模式、代理模式 1.4 ?定義框架實作 在使?端項?中創建配置配置?件 創建 sqlMapConfig.xml〈configuration〉
<!--資料庫連接資訊--> <property name="driverClass" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/bingyimeiling/p/com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/bingyimeiling/p/jdbc:mysql:///zdy_mybatis"></property> <property name="user" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/bingyimeiling/p/root"></property> <property name="password" value="https://www.cnblogs.com/bingyimeiling/p/root"></property> <! --引?sql配置資訊--> <mapper resource="mapper.xml"></mapper> </configuration> mapper.xml <mapper namespace="User"> <select id="selectOne" paramterType="com.lagou.pojo.User" resultType="com.lagou.pojo.User"> select * from user where id = #{id} and username =#{username} </select> <select id="selectList" resultType="com.lagou.pojo.User"> select * from user </select> </mapper>
User物體
public class User { //主鍵標識 private Integer id; //?戶名 private String username; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + '}'; } }
再創建?個Maven??程并且導?需要?到的依賴坐標
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>dom4j</groupId> <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jaxen</groupId> <artifactId>jaxen</artifactId> <version>1.1.6</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
Configuration
public class Configuration { //資料源 private DataSource dataSource; //map集合: key:statementId value:MappedStatement private Map<String,MappedStatement> mappedStatementMap = new HashMap<String, MappedStatement>(); public DataSource getDataSource() { return dataSource; } public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource; } public Map<String, MappedStatement> getMappedStatementMap() { return mappedStatementMap; } public void setMappedStatementMap(Map<String, MappedStatement> mappedStatementMap) { this.mappedStatementMap = mappedStatementMap; } }
MappedStatement
public class MappedStatement { //id private Integer id; //sql陳述句 private String sql; //輸?引數 private Class<?> paramterType; //輸出引數 private Class<?> resultType; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getSql() { return sql; } public void setSql(String sql) { this.sql = sql; } public Class<?> getParamterType() { return paramterType; } public void setParamterType(Class<?> paramterType) { this.paramterType = paramterType; } public Class<?> getResultType() { return resultType; } public void setResultType(Class<?> resultType) { this.resultType = resultType; } }
Resources
public class Resources { public static InputStream getResourceAsSteam(String path){
InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.class.getClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(path); return resourceAsStream; } }
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
public class SqlSessionFactoryBuilder { private Configuration configuration; public SqlSessionFactoryBuilder() { this.configuration = new Configuration(); } public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream) throws DocumentException, PropertyVetoException, ClassNotFoundException { //1.決議配置?件,封裝Configuration XMLConfigerBuilder xmlConfigerBuilder = new XMLConfigerBuilder(configuration); Configuration configuration = xmlConfigerBuilder.parseConfiguration(inputStream); //2.創建 sqlSessionFactory SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new DefaultSqlSessionFactory(configuration); return sqlSessionFactory; } XMLConfigerBuilder public class XMLConfigerBuilder { private Configuration configuration; public XMLConfigerBuilder(Configuration configuration) { this.configuration = new Configuration(); } public Configuration parseConfiguration(InputStream inputStream) throws DocumentException, PropertyVetoException, ClassNotFoundException { Document document = new SAXReader().read(inputStream); //<configuation> Element rootElement = document.getRootElement(); List<Element> propertyElements = rootElement.selectNodes("//property"); Properties properties = new Properties(); for (Element propertyElement : propertyElements) { String name = propertyElement.attributeValue("name"); String value = propertyElement.attributeValue("value"); properties.setProperty(name,value); } //連接池 ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource(); comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(properties.getProperty("driverClass")); comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(properties.getProperty("jdbcUrl")); comboPooledDataSource.setUser(properties.getProperty("username")); comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(properties.getProperty("password")); //填充 configuration configuration.setDataSource(comboPooledDataSource); //mapper 部分 List<Element> mapperElements = rootElement.selectNodes("//mapper"); XMLMapperBuilder xmlMapperBuilder = new XMLMapperBuilder(configuration); for (Element mapperElement : mapperElements) { String mapperPath = mapperElement.attributeValue("resource"); InputStream resourceAsSteam = Resources.getResourceAsSteam(mapperPath); xmlMapperBuilder.parse(resourceAsSteam); } return configuration; } XMLMapperBuilder public class XMLMapperBuilder { private Configuration configuration; public XMLMapperBuilder(Configuration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; } public void parse(InputStream inputStream) throws DocumentException, ClassNotFoundException { Document document = new SAXReader().read(inputStream); Element rootElement = document.getRootElement(); String namespace = rootElement.attributeValue("namespace"); List<Element> select = rootElement.selectNodes("select"); for (Element element : select) { //id的值 String id = element.attributeValue("id"); String paramterType = element.attributeValue("paramterType"); String resultType = element.attributeValue("resultType"); //輸?參 數class Class<?> paramterTypeClass = getClassType(paramterType); //回傳結果class Class<?> resultTypeClass = getClassType(resultType); //statementId String key = namespace + "." + id; //sql陳述句 String textTrim = element.getTextTrim(); //封裝 mappedStatement MappedStatement mappedStatement = new MappedStatement(); mappedStatement.setId(id); mappedStatement.setParamterType(paramterTypeClass); mappedStatement.setResultType(resultTypeClass); mappedStatement.setSql(textTrim); //填充 configuration configuration.getMappedStatementMap().put(key, mappedStatement); private Class<?> getClassType (String paramterType) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(paramterType); return aClass; } } sqlSessionFactory 接?及D efaultSqlSessionFactory 實作類public interface SqlSessionFactory { public SqlSession openSession(); } public class DefaultSqlSessionFactory implements SqlSessionFactory { private Configuration configuration; public DefaultSqlSessionFactory(Configuration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; } public SqlSession openSession(){ return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration); } } sqlSession 接?及 DefaultSqlSession 實作類 public interface SqlSession { public <E> List<E> selectList(String statementId, Object... param) Exception; public <T> T selectOne(String statementId,Object... params) throws Exception; public void close() throws SQLException; } public class DefaultSqlSession implements SqlSession { private Configuration configuration; public DefaultSqlSession(Configuration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; //處理器物件 private Executor simpleExcutor = new SimpleExecutor(); public <E > List < E > selectList(String statementId, Object...param) throws Exception { MappedStatement mappedStatement = configuration.getMappedStatementMap().get(statementId); List<E> query = simpleExcutor.query(configuration, mappedStatement, param); return query; } //selectOne 中調? selectList public <T > T selectOne(String statementId, Object...params) throws Exception { List<Object> objects = selectList(statementId, params); if (objects.size() == 1) { return (T) objects.get(0); } else { throw new RuntimeException("回傳結果過多"); } } public void close () throws SQLException { simpleExcutor.close(); } }
Executor
public interface Executor { <E> List<E> query(Configuration configuration, MappedStatement mappedStatement,Object[] param) throws Exception; void close() throws SQLException; }
SimpleExecutor
public class SimpleExecutor implements Executor { private Connection connection = null; public <E> List<E> query(Configuration configuration, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object[] param) throws SQLException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, IntrospectionException, InvocationTargetException { //獲取連接 connection = configuration.getDataSource().getConnection(); // select * from user where id = #{id} and username = #{username} String sql = mappedStatement.getSql(); //對sql進?處理 BoundSql boundsql = getBoundSql(sql); // select * from where id = ? and username = ? String finalSql = boundsql.getSqlText(); //獲取傳?引數型別 Class<?> paramterType = mappedStatement.getParamterType(); //獲取預編譯preparedStatement物件 PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(finalSql); List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappingList = boundsql.getParameterMappingList(); for (int i = 0; i < parameterMappingList.size(); i++) { ParameterMapping parameterMapping = parameterMappingList.get(i); String name = parameterMapping.getName(); //反射 Field declaredField = paramterType.getDeclaredField(name); declaredField.setAccessible(true); //引數的值 Object o = declaredField.get(param[0]); //給占位符賦值 preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, o); } ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); Class<?> resultType = mappedStatement.getResultType(); ArrayList<E> results = new ArrayList<E>(); while (resultSet.next()) { ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData(); (E) resultType.newInstance(); int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { //屬性名 String columnName = metaData.getColumnName(i); //屬性值 Object value =https://www.cnblogs.com/bingyimeiling/p/ resultSet.getObject(columnName); //創建屬性描述器,為屬性?成讀寫?法 PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = new PropertyDescriptor(columnName, resultType); //獲取寫?法 Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod(); //向類中寫?值 writeMethod.invoke(o, value); } results.add(o); } return results; } @Override public void close() throws SQLException { connection.close(); } private BoundSql getBoundSql(String sql) { //標記處理類:主要是配合通?標記決議器GenericTokenParser類完成對配置?件等的解 析?作,其中TokenHandler主要完成處理 ParameterMappingTokenHandler parameterMappingTokenHandler = new ParameterMappingTokenHandler(); //GenericTokenParser :通?的標記決議器,完成了代碼?段中的占位符的決議,然后再根 據給定的標記處理器(TokenHandler)來進?運算式的處理 //三個引數:分別為openToken (開始標記)、closeToken (結束標記)、handler (標記 處 理器) GenericTokenParser genericTokenParser = new GenericTokenParser("# {", "}", parameterMappingTokenHandler); String parse = genericTokenParser.parse(sql); List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = parameterMappingTokenHandler.getParameterMappings(); BoundSql boundSql = new BoundSql(parse, parameterMappings); return boundSql;BoundSql
1.5 ?定義框架優化 通過上述我們的?定義框架,我們解決了JDBC操作資料庫帶來的?些問題:例如頻繁創建釋放資料庫連 接,硬編碼,?動封裝回傳結果集等問題,但是現在我們繼續來分析剛剛完成的?定義框架代碼,有沒 有什么問題? 問題如下: dao的實作類中存在重復的代碼,整個操作的程序模板重復(創建sqlsession,調?sqlsession? 法,關閉 sqlsession) dao的實作類中存在硬編碼,調?sqlsession的?法時,引數statement的id硬編碼 } } public class BoundSql { //決議過后的sql陳述句 private String sqlText; //決議出來的引數 private List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappingList = new ArrayList<ParameterMapping>(); public BoundSql(String sqlText, List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappingList) { this.sqlText = sqlText; this.parameterMappingList = parameterMappingList; } public String getSqlText() { return sqlText; } public void setSqlText(String sqlText) { this.sqlText = sqlText; } public List<ParameterMapping> getParameterMappingList() { return parameterMappingList; } public void setParameterMappingList(List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappingList) { this.parameterMappingList = parameterMappingList; } }解決:使?代理模式來創建接?的代理物件 @Test public void test2() throws Exception { InputStream resourceAsSteam = Resources.getResourceAsSteam(path: "sqlMapConfig.xml") SqlSessionFactory build = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsSteam); SqlSession sqlSession = build.openSession(); User user = new User(); user.setld(l); user.setUsername("tom"); //代理物件 UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMappper(UserMapper.class); User userl = userMapper.selectOne(user); System?out.println(userl); } 在sqlSession中添加?法 public interface SqlSession { public <T> T getMappper(Class<?> mapperClass); 實作類 @Override public <T> T getMappper(Class<?> mapperClass) { T o = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperClass.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {mapperClass}, new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { // selectOne String methodName = method.getName(); // className:namespace String className = method.getDeclaringClass().getName(); //statementid String key = className+"."+methodName; MappedStatement mappedStatement = configuration.getMappedStatementMap().get(key); Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType(); ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList<> (); //判斷是否實作泛型型別引數化 if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){ return selectList(key,args); return selectOne(key,args); } });
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