前言
今天教大家用Python制作一個12306查票程式腳本（僅供學習參考）
首先，先匯入本次所需的模塊
import requests import pandas as pd import json
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請求資料
找到資料來源
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query' data = { 'leftTicketDTO.train_date': train_date, 'leftTicketDTO.from_station': city_json[from_station], 'leftTicketDTO.to_station': city_json[to_station], 'purpose_codes': 'ADULT', } headers = { 'Cookie': '_uab_collina=163108019860709243490927; JSESSIONID=3A879F34238B594124705B10D7C0B0E6; BIGipServerotn=3956736266.64545.0000; guidesStatus=off; highContrastMode=defaltMode; cursorStatus=off; BIGipServerpassport=870842634.50215.0000; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1631354049020; RAIL_DEVICEID=jY49UGp1PWZZ0cY6CWj2wmKFDH60qsPXbu7L4D2DjNDJSM4sbqZmmlUm62-6L3k9SNtBAUgBPn7Rh1-FAxka97-nHNpT3QIh5YIXtw3mGao0mjLNkIv2ayvwqxWyFhdbos5_ziUA3XVil7awDZ0EjzKBAWdl22Hu; route=495c805987d0f5c8c84b14f60212447d; _jc_save_fromStation=%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ; _jc_save_fromDate=2021-09-08; _jc_save_toDate=2021-09-08; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; _jc_save_toStation=%u5CB3%u9633%u4E1C%2CYIQ', # 'Host': 'kyfw.12306.cn', # 'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99,CSQ&ts=%E5%B2%B3%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%9C,YIQ&date=2021-09-08&flag=N,N,Y', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.get(url=url, params=data, headers=headers)
自動識別編碼
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
資料決議取值
for index in result: # requests.utils.unquote(index) index_list = index.replace('有', 'Yes').replace('無', 'No').split('|') # print(index_list) train_number = index_list[3] # 車次 if 'G' in train_number: time_1 = index_list[8] # 出發時間 time_2 = index_list[9] # 到達時間 prince_seat = index_list[32] # 特等座 first_class_seat = index_list[31] # 一等座 second_class = index_list[30] # 二等座 dit = { 'Num': train_number, 'Start': time_1, 'End': time_2, 'Top': prince_seat, 'First': prince_seat, 'Second': second_class, 'Yz': '-', 'Wz': '-', 'Rw': '-', 'Yw': '-', } else: time_1 = index_list[8] # 出發時間 time_2 = index_list[9] # 到達時間 hard_seat = index_list[29] # 硬座 no_seat = index_list[26] # 無座 soft_sleeper = index_list[23] # 軟臥 hard_sleeper = index_list[28] # 硬臥 dit = { 'Num': train_number, 'Start': time_1, 'End': time_2, 'Top': '-', 'First': '-', 'Second': '-', 'Yz': hard_seat, 'Wz': no_seat, 'Rw': soft_sleeper, 'Yw': hard_sleeper, } lis.append(dit) content = pd.DataFrame(lis) print(content)
實作查詢一座城市車次資料
實作全國車次查詢
f = open('city.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') text = f.read() city_json = json.loads(text) while True: from_station = input('請輸入你出發的城市： ') to_station = input('請輸入你達到的城市： ') train_date = input('請輸入乘車時間(2021-09-08/年-月-日)：')
再次查詢/退出
again = input('是否繼續查詢(Y/N): ') if again == 'Y' or again == 'y': continue else: break
完整代碼
import requests import pandas as pd import json f = open('city.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') text = f.read() city_json = json.loads(text) while True: from_station = input('請輸入你出發的城市： ') to_station = input('請輸入你達到的城市： ') train_date = input('請輸入乘車時間(2021-09-08/年-月-日)：') url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query' data = { 'leftTicketDTO.train_date': train_date, 'leftTicketDTO.from_station': city_json[from_station], 'leftTicketDTO.to_station': city_json[to_station], 'purpose_codes': 'ADULT', } headers = { 'Cookie': '_uab_collina=163108019860709243490927; JSESSIONID=3A879F34238B594124705B10D7C0B0E6; BIGipServerotn=3956736266.64545.0000; guidesStatus=off; highContrastMode=defaltMode; cursorStatus=off; BIGipServerpassport=870842634.50215.0000; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1631354049020; RAIL_DEVICEID=jY49UGp1PWZZ0cY6CWj2wmKFDH60qsPXbu7L4D2DjNDJSM4sbqZmmlUm62-6L3k9SNtBAUgBPn7Rh1-FAxka97-nHNpT3QIh5YIXtw3mGao0mjLNkIv2ayvwqxWyFhdbos5_ziUA3XVil7awDZ0EjzKBAWdl22Hu; route=495c805987d0f5c8c84b14f60212447d; _jc_save_fromStation=%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ; _jc_save_fromDate=2021-09-08; _jc_save_toDate=2021-09-08; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; _jc_save_toStation=%u5CB3%u9633%u4E1C%2CYIQ', # 'Host': 'kyfw.12306.cn', # 'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99,CSQ&ts=%E5%B2%B3%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%9C,YIQ&date=2021-09-08&flag=N,N,Y', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.get(url=url, params=data, headers=headers) response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding result = response.json()['data']['result'] lis = [] for index in result: # requests.utils.unquote(index) index_list = index.replace('有', 'Yes').replace('無', 'No').split('|') # print(index_list) train_number = index_list[3] # 車次 if 'G' in train_number: time_1 = index_list[8] # 出發時間 time_2 = index_list[9] # 到達時間 prince_seat = index_list[32] # 特等座 first_class_seat = index_list[31] # 一等座 second_class = index_list[30] # 二等座 dit = { 'Num': train_number, 'Start': time_1, 'End': time_2, 'Top': prince_seat, 'First': prince_seat, 'Second': second_class, 'Yz': '-', 'Wz': '-', 'Rw': '-', 'Yw': '-', } else: time_1 = index_list[8] # 出發時間 time_2 = index_list[9] # 到達時間 hard_seat = index_list[29] # 硬座 no_seat = index_list[26] # 無座 soft_sleeper = index_list[23] # 軟臥 hard_sleeper = index_list[28] # 硬臥 dit = { 'Num': train_number, 'Start': time_1, 'End': time_2, 'Top': '-', 'First': '-', 'Second': '-', 'Yz': hard_seat, 'Wz': no_seat, 'Rw': soft_sleeper, 'Yw': hard_sleeper, } lis.append(dit) pd.set_option('display.max_rows', None) content = pd.DataFrame(lis) print(content) again = input('是否繼續查詢(Y/N): ') if again == 'Y' or again == 'y': continue else: break
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