當我使用以下代碼在 2D 中繪制聚類結果時：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
# create 2d data
x, label = make_blobs(n_samples=3000, n_features=2, centers=4,
cluster_std=3, random_state=42)
# cluster data
kmeans = KMeans(init="k-means ", n_clusters=4, random_state=42)
kmeans.fit(x)
# plot clusters and centroids
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.scatter(x[:,0],x[:,1], c=kmeans.labels_, cmap='viridis',
edgecolor='k', s=40, alpha = 0.5)
ax.scatter(kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,0], kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,1],
s = 300, c = 'r', marker='*', label = 'Centroid')
ax.set_title("2D Kmeans clustering")
ax.set_xlabel("X")
ax.set_ylabel("Y")
plt.show()
我得到以下輸出：
但是當我嘗試使用以下代碼在 3D 中繪制聚類結果時：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
# create 3d data
x, label = make_blobs(n_samples=3000, n_features=3, centers=4,
cluster_std=3, random_state=42)
# cluster data
kmeans = KMeans(init="k-means ", n_clusters=4, random_state=42)
kmeans.fit(x)
# plot clusters and centroids
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.scatter(x[:,0], x[:,1], x[:,2] ,c=kmeans.labels_, cmap='viridis',
edgecolor='k', s=40, alpha = 0.5)
ax.scatter(kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,0], kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,1],
kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,2], s = 300, c = 'r',
marker='*', label = 'Centroid')
ax.set_title("3D Kmeans clustering")
ax.set_xlabel("X")
ax.set_ylabel("Y")
ax.set_zlabel("Z")
plt.show()
我得到以下輸出：
如您所見，每個簇的質心是不可見的。我想在 3d 圖中看到質心星星，我怎樣才能做到這一點？
在此先感謝您的幫助！
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
質心星被點云包圍，因此不容易看到。您可以通過使點更小（s=10 或更小）和更透明（alpha=0.1 或更小）來使它們更明顯，如以下代碼行所示：
ax.scatter(x[:,0], x[:,1], x[:,2] ,c=kmeans.labels_, cmap='viridis',
edgecolor='k', s=10, alpha = 0.1)
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