本期是對熱播網劇《雪中悍刀行》的一次爬蟲與資料分析，總爬取條數1W條評論，很適合新人練手，案例中還特別加入了對評論的情緒文本分析處理，供大家參考，
爬蟲方面：由于騰訊的評論資料是封裝在json里面，所以只需要找到json檔案，對需要的資料進行提取保存即可，
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視頻網址：
https://v.qq.com/x/cover/mzc0020020cyvqh.html
評論json資料網址：
https://video.coral.qq.com/varticle/7579013546/comment/v2
注：只要替換視頻數字id的值，即可爬取其他視頻的評論
本文內容僅作為編程技術學習討論，相關代碼和資料不可用于商業用途，否則后果自負，
如何查找視頻id？
通過Chrome開發者工具的Network查找請求，具體使用可參考舊文：爬蟲必備工具，掌握它就解決了一半的問題
專案結構：
一. 爬蟲部分：
1. 爬取評論內容代碼：
spiders.py
import requests
import re
import random
def get_html(url, params):
uapools = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14'
]
thisua = random.choice(uapools)
headers = {"User-Agent": thisua}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8'# 不加此句出現亂碼
return r.text
def parse_page(infolist, data):
commentpat = '"content":"(.*?)"'
lastpat = '"last":"(.*?)"'
commentall = re.compile(commentpat, re.S).findall(data)
next_cid = re.compile(lastpat).findall(data)[0]
infolist.append(commentall)
return next_cid
def print_comment_list(infolist):
j = 0
for page in infolist:
print('第' + str(j + 1) + '頁\n')
commentall = page
for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
print(commentall[i] + '\n')
j += 1
def save_to_txt(infolist, path):
fw = open(path, 'w+', encoding='utf-8')
j = 0
for page in infolist:
#fw.write('第' + str(j + 1) + '頁\n')
commentall = page
for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
fw.write(commentall[i] + '\n')
j += 1
fw.close()
def main():
infolist = []
vid = '7579013546';
cid = "0";
page_num = 3000
url = 'https://video.coral.qq.com/varticle/' + vid + '/comment/v2'
#print(url)
for i in range(page_num):
params = {'orinum': '10', 'cursor': cid}
html = get_html(url, params)
cid = parse_page(infolist, html)
print_comment_list(infolist)
save_to_txt(infolist, 'content.txt')
main()
2. 爬取評論時間代碼
sp.py
import requests
import re
import random
def get_html(url, params):
uapools = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14'
]
thisua = random.choice(uapools)
headers = {"User-Agent": thisua}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8'# 不加此句出現亂碼
return r.text
def parse_page(infolist, data):
commentpat = '"time":"(.*?)"'
lastpat = '"last":"(.*?)"'
commentall = re.compile(commentpat, re.S).findall(data)
next_cid = re.compile(lastpat).findall(data)[0]
infolist.append(commentall)
return next_cid
def print_comment_list(infolist):
j = 0
for page in infolist:
print('第' + str(j + 1) + '頁\n')
commentall = page
for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
print(commentall[i] + '\n')
j += 1
def save_to_txt(infolist, path):
fw = open(path, 'w+', encoding='utf-8')
j = 0
for page in infolist:
#fw.write('第' + str(j + 1) + '頁\n')
commentall = page
for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
fw.write(commentall[i] + '\n')
j += 1
fw.close()
def main():
infolist = []
vid = '7579013546';
cid = "0";
page_num =3000
url = 'https://video.coral.qq.com/varticle/' + vid + '/comment/v2'
#print(url)
for i in range(page_num):
params = {'orinum': '10', 'cursor': cid}
html = get_html(url, params)
cid = parse_page(infolist, html)
print_comment_list(infolist)
save_to_txt(infolist, 'time.txt')
main()
二. 資料處理部分
1. 評論的時間戳轉換為正常時間
time.py
# coding=gbk
import csv
import time
csvFile = open("data.csv",'w',newline='',encoding='utf-8')
writer = csv.writer(csvFile)
csvRow = []
#print(csvRow)
f = open("time.txt",'r',encoding='utf-8')
for line in f:
csvRow = int(line)
#print(csvRow)
timeArray = time.localtime(csvRow)
csvRow = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
print(csvRow)
csvRow = csvRow.split()
writer.writerow(csvRow)
f.close()
csvFile.close()
2. 評論內容讀入csv
CD.py
# coding=gbk
import csv
csvFile = open("content.csv",'w',newline='',encoding='utf-8')
writer = csv.writer(csvFile)
csvRow = []
f = open("content.txt",'r',encoding='utf-8')
for line in f:
csvRow = line.split()
writer.writerow(csvRow)
f.close()
csvFile.close()
3. 統計一天各個時間段內的評論數
py.py
# coding=gbk
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud
with open('../Spiders/data.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
data1 = [str(row[1])[0:2] for row in reader]
print(data1)
print(type(data1))
#先變成集合得到seq中的所有元素，避免重復遍歷
set_seq = set(data1)
rst = []
for item in set_seq:
rst.append((item,data1.count(item))) #添加元素及出現個數
rst.sort()
print(type(rst))
print(rst)
with open("time2.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
for i in rst: # 對于每一行的，將這一行的每個元素分別寫在對應的列中
writer.writerow(i)
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
print(x)
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
4. 統計最近評論數
py1.py
# coding=gbk
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud
with open('../Spiders/data.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
data1 = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
#print(data1)
print(type(data1))
#先變成集合得到seq中的所有元素，避免重復遍歷
set_seq = set(data1)
rst = []
for item in set_seq:
rst.append((item,data1.count(item))) #添加元素及出現個數
rst.sort()
print(type(rst))
print(rst)
with open("time1.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
for i in rst: # 對于每一行的，將這一行的每個元素分別寫在對應的列中
writer.writerow(i)
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
print(x)
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
三. 資料分析
資料分析方面：涉及到了詞云圖，條形，折線，餅圖，后三者是對評論時間與主演占比的分析，然而騰訊的評論時間是以時間戳的形式顯示，所以要進行轉換，再去統計出現次數，最后，新加了對評論內容的情感分析，
1. 制作詞云圖
wc.py
import numpy as np
import re
import jieba
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
# 上面的包自己安裝，不會的就百度
f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') # 這是資料源，也就是想生成詞云的資料
txt = f.read() # 讀取檔案
f.close() # 關閉檔案，其實用with就好，但是懶得改了
# 如果是文章的話，需要用到jieba分詞，分完之后也可以自己處理下再生成詞云
newtxt = re.sub("[A-Za-z0-9\!\%\[\]\,\，]", "", txt)
print(newtxt)
words = jieba.lcut(newtxt)
img = Image.open(r'wc.jpg') # 想要搞得形狀
img_array = np.array(img)
# 相關配置，里面這個collocations配置可以避免重復
wordcloud = WordCloud(
background_color="white",
width=1080,
height=960,
font_path="../文悅新青年.otf",
max_words=150,
scale=10,#清晰度
max_font_size=100,
mask=img_array,
collocations=False).generate(newtxt)
plt.imshow(wordcloud)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
wordcloud.to_file('wc.png')
輪廓圖：wc.jpg
詞云圖：result.png （注：這里把英文字母過濾掉）
2. 制作最近評論數條形圖
DrawBar.py
# encoding: utf-8
import csv
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
class DrawBar(object):
"""繪制柱形圖類"""
def __init__(self):
"""創建柱狀圖實體，并設定寬高和風格"""
self.bar = Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px', height='700px', theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))
def add_x(self):
"""為圖形添加X軸資料"""
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
print(x)
self.bar.add_xaxis(
xaxis_data=https://www.cnblogs.com/sn520/p/x,
)
def add_y(self):
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
"""為圖形添加Y軸資料，可添加多條"""
self.bar.add_yaxis( # 第一個Y軸資料
series_name="評論數", # Y軸資料名稱
y_axis=y1, # Y軸資料
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True,color="black"), # 設定標簽
bar_max_width='100px', # 設定柱子最大寬度
)
def set_global(self):
"""設定圖形的全域屬性"""
#self.bar(width=2000,height=1000)
self.bar.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts( # 設定標題
title='雪中悍刀行近日評論統計',title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=35)
),
tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts( # 提示框配置項（滑鼠移到圖形上時顯示的東西）
is_show=True, # 是否顯示提示框
trigger="axis", # 觸發型別（axis坐標軸觸發，滑鼠移到時會有一條垂直于X軸的實線跟隨滑鼠移動，并顯示提示資訊）
axis_pointer_type="cross"# 指示器型別（cross將會生成兩條分別垂直于X軸和Y軸的虛線，不啟用trigger才會顯示完全）
),
toolbox_opts=opts.ToolboxOpts(), # 工具箱配置項(什么都不填默認開啟所有工具)
)
def draw(self):
"""繪制圖形"""
self.add_x()
self.add_y()
self.set_global()
self.bar.render('../Html/DrawBar.html') # 將圖繪制到 test.html 檔案內，可在瀏覽器打開
def run(self):
"""執行函式"""
self.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = DrawBar()
app.run()
效果圖：DrawBar.html
3. 制作每小時評論條形圖
DrawBar2.py
# encoding: utf-8
# encoding: utf-8
import csv
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
class DrawBar(object):
"""繪制柱形圖類"""
def __init__(self):
"""創建柱狀圖實體，并設定寬高和風格"""
self.bar = Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px', height='700px', theme=ThemeType.MACARONS))
def add_x(self):
"""為圖形添加X軸資料"""
str_name1 = '點'
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0] + str_name1) for row in reader]
print(x)
self.bar.add_xaxis(
xaxis_data=https://www.cnblogs.com/sn520/p/x
)
def add_y(self):
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
"""為圖形添加Y軸資料，可添加多條"""
self.bar.add_yaxis( # 第一個Y軸資料
series_name="評論數", # Y軸資料名稱
y_axis=y1, # Y軸資料
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False), # 設定標簽
bar_max_width='50px', # 設定柱子最大寬度
)
def set_global(self):
"""設定圖形的全域屬性"""
#self.bar(width=2000,height=1000)
self.bar.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts( # 設定標題
title='雪中悍刀行各時間段評論統計',title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=35)
),
tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts( # 提示框配置項（滑鼠移到圖形上時顯示的東西）
is_show=True, # 是否顯示提示框
trigger="axis", # 觸發型別（axis坐標軸觸發，滑鼠移到時會有一條垂直于X軸的實線跟隨滑鼠移動，并顯示提示資訊）
axis_pointer_type="cross"# 指示器型別（cross將會生成兩條分別垂直于X軸和Y軸的虛線，不啟用trigger才會顯示完全）
),
toolbox_opts=opts.ToolboxOpts(), # 工具箱配置項(什么都不填默認開啟所有工具)
)
def draw(self):
"""繪制圖形"""
self.add_x()
self.add_y()
self.set_global()
self.bar.render('../Html/DrawBar2.html') # 將圖繪制到 test.html 檔案內，可在瀏覽器打開
def run(self):
"""執行函式"""
self.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = DrawBar()
app.run()
效果圖：DrawBar2.html
4. 制作近日評論數餅圖
pie_pyecharts.py
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
print(x)
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
num = y1
lab = x
(
Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1700px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))#默認900，600
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行近日評論統計",
title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(
pos_top="10%", pos_left="1%",# 圖例位置調整
),)
.add(series_name='',center=[280, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])#餅圖
.add(series_name='',center=[845, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])#環圖
.add(series_name='', center=[1380, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')#南丁格爾圖
).render('pie_pyecharts.html')
效果圖
5. 制作每小時評論餅圖
pie_pyecharts2.py
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
str_name1 = '點'
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
x = [str(row[0]+str_name1) for row in reader]
print(x)
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
num = y1
lab = x
(
Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1650px',height='500px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT,))#默認900，600
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行每小時評論統計"
,title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),
legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(
pos_top="8%", pos_left="4%",# 圖例位置調整
),
)
.add(series_name='',center=[250, 300], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])#餅圖
.add(series_name='',center=[810, 300],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])#環圖
.add(series_name='', center=[1350, 300],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')#南丁格爾圖
).render('pie_pyecharts2.html')
效果圖
6. 制作觀看時間區間評論統計餅圖
pie_pyecharts3.py
# coding=gbk
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
with open(/data.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
data2 = [int(row[1].strip('')[0:2]) for row in reader]
#print(data2)
print(type(data2))
#先變成集合得到seq中的所有元素，避免重復遍歷
set_seq = set(data2)
list = []
for item in set_seq:
list.append((item,data2.count(item))) #添加元素及出現個數
list.sort()
print(type(list))
#print(list)
with open("time2.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
for i in list: # 對于每一行的，將這一行的每個元素分別寫在對應的列中
writer.writerow(i)
n = 4#分成n組
m = int(len(list)/n)
list2 = []
for i in range(0, len(list), m):
list2.append(list[i:i+m])
print("凌晨 : ",list2[0])
print("上午 : ",list2[1])
print("下午 : ",list2[2])
print("晚上 : ",list2[3])
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]
print(y1)
n =6
groups = [y1[i:i + n] for i in range(0, len(y1), n)]
print(groups)
x=['凌晨','上午','下午','晚上']
y1=[]
for y1 in groups:
num_sum = 0
for groups in y1:
num_sum += groups
str_name1 = '點'
num = y1
lab = x
(
Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))#默認900，600
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行觀看時間區間評論統計"
, title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=30)),
legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(
pos_top="8%", # 圖例位置調整
),
)
.add(series_name='',center=[260, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])#餅圖
.add(series_name='',center=[1230, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])#環圖
.add(series_name='', center=[750, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')#南丁格爾圖
).render('pie_pyecharts3.html')
效果圖
7. 制作雪中悍刀行主演提及占比餅圖
pie_pyecharts4.py
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') # 這是資料源，也就是想生成詞云的資料
words = f.read() # 讀取檔案
f.close() # 關閉檔案，其實用with就好，但是懶得改了
name=["張若昀","李庚希","胡軍"]
print(name)
count=[float(words.count("張若昀")),
float(words.count("李庚希")),
float(words.count("胡軍"))]
print(count)
num = count
lab = name
(
Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1650px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))#默認900，600
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行主演提及占比",
title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(
pos_top="3%", pos_left="33%",# 圖例位置調整
),)
.add(series_name='',center=[280, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])#餅圖
.add(series_name='',center=[800, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])#環圖
.add(series_name='', center=[1300, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')#南丁格爾圖
).render('pie_pyecharts4.html')
效果圖
8. 評論內容情感分析
SnowNLP.py
import numpy as np
from snownlp import SnowNLP
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='UTF-8')
list = f.readlines()
sentimentslist = []
for i in list:
s = SnowNLP(i)
print(s.sentiments)
sentimentslist.append(s.sentiments)
plt.hist(sentimentslist, bins=np.arange(0, 1, 0.01), facecolor='g')
plt.xlabel('Sentiments Probability')
plt.ylabel('Quantity')
plt.title('Analysis of Sentiments')
plt.show()
效果圖（情感各分數段出現頻率）
SnowNLP情感分析是基于情感詞典實作的，其簡單的將文本分為兩類，積極和消極，回傳值為情緒的概率，也就是情感評分在[0,1]之間，越接近1，情感表現越積極，越接近0，情感表現越消極，
總結
以上就是如何獲取騰訊視頻評論并整理后進行可視化分析，屬于資料分析及可視化的常規操作，沒有特別高深的技術，還比較適合資料分析初學者練習，讀者可以自行動手嘗試，全部代碼已在文中給出，
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標籤：Python