使用來自另一個框架的條目小部件插入另一個框架（Treeview小部件）-有解無憂

我目前正在研究股票投資組合跟蹤器，我對變數從一幀傳遞到另一幀的方式感到非常困惑。到目前為止，我基本上有兩個框架，一個是樹視圖，第二個是 Userinputframe，一堆按鈕和條目小部件。

我的代碼應該使用這些條目小部件并將它們插入到我的樹視圖中。但是，現在它們進入了兩個不同的框架，我無法設法從 Userinputframe 中獲取（）值以使用我的樹視圖，并且我收到錯誤訊息：'Frame' Object has no attribute 'Entry_ticker'。我在這里想念什么？

import tkinter
from tkinter import ttk
import datetime as dt
import yfinance as yf
import os
import csv

root_window = tkinter.Tk()
root_window.title('Python portfolio')
root_window.geometry('700x700')

# Frame functions
def call_first_frame():
    second_frame.pack_forget()
    first_frame.pack()

def call_second_frame():
    first_frame.pack_forget()
    second_frame.pack()

def call_third_frame():
    second_frame.pack_forget()

def quit_program():
    root_window.destroy()

# We create an csv flat file to store our values in
def create_database():
    global header
    header = ['Ticker', 'Volume', 'Purchased at', 'Current value']
    with open('stocks.csv', 'w', encoding='UTF8', newline='') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(header)

# we create a function to get the current share price of a ticker
def Shareprice(ticker):
    ticker_yahoo = yf.Ticker(ticker)
    data = ticker_yahoo.history()
    return data.tail(1)['Close'].iloc[0]

# we use this to record a date of purchase
def stamp():
    x = dt.datetime.now()
    return x.strftime("%c")

# we fetch the price of the ticker entered
def CurrentPrice():
    a=Shareprice(first_frame.Entry_ticker.get())
    b=int(first_frame.Entry_volume.get())
    return round(a*b,2)

# add an investment to the portfolio
def add_to_portfolio():
    my_tree = ttk.Treeview(Treeviewframe, show='headings')

    # Defining columns
    my_tree['columns'] = ('Ticker', 'Volume', 'Purchased at', 'Current value')

    # Column_formatting
    my_tree.column('#0', anchor=tkinter.W, width=70, stretch=False)
    my_tree.column('Ticker', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=50)
    my_tree.column('Volume', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=50)
    my_tree.column('Purchased at', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=175)
    my_tree.column('Current value', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=150)

    # Heading_formatting
    my_tree.heading('#0', text='ID', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Ticker', text='Ticker', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Volume', text='Volume', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Purchased at', text='Purchased at', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Current value', text='Current value', anchor=tkinter.W)

    global count
    my_tree.insert(parent='', index='end', iid=count, text='',
                   values=(Userinputframe.Entry_ticker.get(), Userinputframe.Entry_volume.get(), stamp(), CurrentPrice()))
    count  = 1

    # immediately after adding an investment in our treeview, we add our new investment to a our database
    csvdata=[first_frame.Entry_ticker.get(), first_frame.Entry_volume.get(), stamp(), CurrentPrice()]
    with open('stocks.csv', 'w', encoding='UTF8',newline='') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(header)

    with open('stocks.csv', 'a') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(csvdata)

    # We clear the entry widgets automatically when the button is pressed
    first_frame.Entry_ticker.delete(0, tkinter.END)
    first_frame.Entry_volume.delete(0, tkinter.END)

# remove one stock
def rmv_from_portfolio():
    x = my_tree.selection()[0]
    my_tree.delete(x)

# clear the portfolio (remove all stocks)
def rmv_all():
    for record in my_tree.get_children():
        my_tree.delete(record)

def start_tab_widgets():

    # We initialize the Treeview to hold our portfolio
    my_tree = ttk.Treeview(Treeviewframe, show='headings')

    # Defining columns
    my_tree['columns'] = ('Ticker', 'Volume', 'Purchased at', 'Current value')

    # Column_formatting
    my_tree.column('#0', anchor=tkinter.W, width=70, stretch=False)
    my_tree.column('Ticker', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=50)
    my_tree.column('Volume', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=50)
    my_tree.column('Purchased at', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=175)
    my_tree.column('Current value', anchor=tkinter.CENTER, width=150)

    # Heading_formatting
    my_tree.heading('#0', text='ID', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Ticker', text='Ticker', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Volume', text='Volume', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Purchased at', text='Purchased at', anchor=tkinter.W)
    my_tree.heading('Current value', text='Current value', anchor=tkinter.W)

    # We find out if the user already has investments in his portfolio
    path_name = 'stocks.csv'

    if os.path.exists(path_name):
        # then we read the data from the csv file, and make sure it appears in our treeview
        old_data = []
    else:
        # then we create the database (CSV file)
        create_database()
        old_data = []

    # We insert data in our portfolio
    global count
    count = 0
    for record in old_data:
        my_tree.insert(parent='', index='end', iid=count, text='', values=(record[0], record[1], record[2], record[3]))
        count  = 1

    # widgets_user_input:Labels and entry
    Lbl_ticker = tkinter.Label(Userinputframe, text='Ticker')
    Lbl_ticker.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=20, sticky='n')

    Lbl_volume = tkinter.Label(Userinputframe, text='Volume')
    Lbl_volume.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=20, sticky='n')

    Entry_ticker = tkinter.Entry(Userinputframe, text='Add ticker here...')
    Entry_ticker.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n', columnspan=2)

    Entry_volume = tkinter.Entry(Userinputframe, text='Add nb of shares here...')
    Entry_volume.grid(row=1, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n', columnspan=2)

    # Buttons to add and remove records
    Btn_add_record = tkinter.Button(Userinputframe, text='Add to portfolio', command=add_to_portfolio)
    Btn_add_record.grid(row=2, column=1, pady=20, sticky='ns')

    Btn_rmv_record = tkinter.Button(Userinputframe, text='Remove one selected stock', command=rmv_from_portfolio)
    Btn_rmv_record.grid(row=3,column=1, pady=20, sticky='n')

    Btn_rmv_all = tkinter.Button(Userinputframe, text='Clear my portfolio', command=rmv_all)
    Btn_rmv_all.grid(row=4, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n')

    # we pack our Tree view onto our frame
    my_tree.pack(in_=Treeviewframe, pady=20, padx=0, fill='y')

    # we place those two frames one after the other
    Treeviewframe.pack(in_=first_frame, pady=20)
    Treeviewframe['borderwidth'] = 0
    Userinputframe.pack(in_=first_frame, pady=20)
    Userinputframe['borderwidth'] = 0


# Buttons to leave the program
# We declare our frames
first_frame = tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window)
first_frame.pack()

# we define two sub-frames to work into
Treeviewframe = tkinter.ttk.Frame(first_frame)

Userinputframe = tkinter.ttk.Frame(first_frame)

second_frame = tkinter.Frame(root_window)
second_frame.pack()

third_frame = tkinter.Frame(root_window)
third_frame.pack()

# We hide all frames in reverse order, but leave the first frame visible
start_tab_widgets()

'''
portfolio_widgets()

reco_widgets()
'''

# Hide all frames in reverse order, but we leave the first frame visible
third_frame.pack_forget()
second_frame.pack_forget()

# we add this program to the main loop
root_window.mainloop()

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

查看代碼，錯誤：Frame' Object has no attribute 'Entry_ticker'是預期的。

Entry_ticker是一個區域變數，而不是Userinputframe.

這里有幾個選項：

選項 1：將您的條目定義為全域變數

entry_ticker = None
....
...
...
def start_tab_widgets():
    ...
    ...
    global entry_ticker
    entry_ticker = tkinter.Entry(Userinputframe, text='Add ticker here...')
    entry_ticker.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n', columnspan=2)

def add_to_portfolio():
    ...
    ...
    #access entry_ticker 
    global entry_ticker
    value = entry_ticker.get()

選項 2：為您的框架創建一個新類并定義一個類級別變數

class UserInputFrame:

    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.frame = tkinter.ttk.Frame(parent)
        self.entry_ticker = tkinter.Entry(self.frame, text='Add ticker here...')
        self.entry_ticker.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n', columnspan=2)


def start_tab_widgets():
    ....
    ....
    ....
    # Create class instance
    user_input_frame = UserInputFrame(root_window)

    # Access the entry_ticker value
    user_input_frame.entry_ticker.get()

選項 3：使用 tkinter.StringVar()

現在，訪問該值的最合適的選項是<type>Var()在您的情況下使用 tkinter可以使用 StringVar()。因此，當您創建條目時

# create the stringvar
entry_ticker_var = tkinter.StringVar()
# Use the var while createing entry (textvariable=entry_ticker_var)
entry_ticker = tkinter.Entry(self.frame, text='Add ticker here...', textvariable=entry_ticker_var)
....
....

現在，在使用它時只需呼叫entry_ticker.get()或者如果您想更新條目中的文本，您可以entry_ticker.set("New Value")

您還可以將跟蹤事件系結到此變數entry_ticker.trace_add('write', on_change)。on_change每當您的該變數的值發生更改時（即每當用戶將輸入寫入文本框時），都會呼叫此處的函式

選項 4：選項 2 和 3 一起（推薦）

類用戶輸入幀：

    def __init__(self, parent):
        # create the variable
        self.entry_ticker_var = tkinter.StringVar()
        # create frame
        frame = tkinter.ttk.Frame(parent)
        # create text box
        entry_ticker = tkinter.Entry(self.frame, text='Add ticker here...', textvariable=self.entry_ticker_var)
        entry_ticker.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=20, sticky='n', columnspan=2)


def start_tab_widgets():
    ....
    ....
    ....
    # Create class instance
    user_input_frame = UserInputFrame(root_window)
    # Access the entry_ticker value
    user_input_frame.entry_ticker_var.get()

參考：

Python Tkinter

python Tkinter 模塊

在旁注中，如果您想訪問框架的子小部件，您可能需要使用 winfo_children()

for child in Userinputframe.winfo_children():
    widget_type = child.winfo_class()
    if widget_type == 'Entry':
          # do stuff

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