前言
PyGame 是一個專門設計來進行游戲開發設計的 Python 模塊，允許實時電子游戲研發而無需被低級語言（如機器語言和匯編語言）束縛，使用起來非常的簡單，非常適合新手拿來玩耍，本教程原始碼均基于 Python 3.x 版本，
點我跳轉文末 ，添加好友（備注：五子棋）后私信獲取完整原始碼！
五子棋小游戲
1、簡介
五子棋是我們小時候經常玩的兩人對弈策略小游戲，規則簡單：
- 1、對局雙方各執一色棋子，常為黑白兩色；
- 2、空棋盤開局；
- 3、黑先、白后，交替下子，每次只能下一子；
- 4、棋子下在棋盤的空白點上，棋子下定后，不得向其它點移動，不得從棋盤上拿掉或拿起另落別處；
- 5、黑方的第一枚棋子可下在棋盤任意交叉點上；
- 6、輪流下子是雙方的權利，但允許任何一方放棄下子權，先形成5子連線者獲勝；
五子棋容易上手，規則簡單，老少皆宜，而且趣味橫生，引人入勝，它不僅能增強思維能力，提高智力，而且富含哲理，有助于修身養性，
2、環境準備
本次教程需要提前安裝好 Python 3.x 環境以及 PyGame 模塊，Python 環境建議安裝 Anaconda 以及 Jupyter，對于新手比較友好！
pip install jupyter
pip install pygame
安裝好 PyGame 模塊之后，咱們就可以正式開寫了！
3、初始化環境
首先需要引入以下模塊：
import sys
import random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import pygame.gfxdraw
from collections import namedtuple
接著我們初始化棋盤的一些變數，便于下面寫代碼：
Chessman = namedtuple('Chessman', 'Name Value Color')
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'X Y')
BLACK_CHESSMAN = Chessman('黑子', 1, (45, 45, 45))
WHITE_CHESSMAN = Chessman('白子', 2, (219, 219, 219))
offset = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]
SIZE = 30 # 棋盤每個點時間的間隔
Line_Points = 19 # 棋盤每行/每列點數
Outer_Width = 20 # 棋盤外寬度
Border_Width = 4 # 邊框寬度
Inside_Width = 4 # 邊框跟實際的棋盤之間的間隔
Border_Length = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Inside_Width * 2 + Border_Width # 邊框線的長度
Start_X = Start_Y = Outer_Width + int(Border_Width / 2) + Inside_Width # 網格線起點（左上角）坐標
SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Outer_Width * 2 + Border_Width + Inside_Width * 2 # 游戲螢屏的高
SCREEN_WIDTH = SCREEN_HEIGHT + 200 # 游戲螢屏的寬
Stone_Radius = SIZE // 2 - 3 # 棋子半徑
Stone_Radius2 = SIZE // 2 + 3
Checkerboard_Color = (0xE3, 0x92, 0x65) # 棋盤顏色
BLACK_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)
RED_COLOR = (200, 30, 30)
BLUE_COLOR = (30, 30, 200)
RIGHT_INFO_POS_X = SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2 * 2 + 10
4、棋盤
通過上述變數畫出棋盤，主要原始碼如下：
# 畫棋盤
def _draw_checkerboard(screen):
# 填充棋盤背景色
screen.fill(Checkerboard_Color)
# 畫棋盤網格線外的邊框
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Outer_Width, Outer_Width, Border_Length, Border_Length), Border_Width)
# 畫網格線
for i in range(Line_Points):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
(Start_Y, Start_Y + SIZE * i),
(Start_Y + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1), Start_Y + SIZE * i),
1)
for j in range(Line_Points):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
(Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X),
(Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1)),
1)
# 畫星位和天元
for i in (3, 9, 15):
for j in (3, 9, 15):
if i == j == 9:
radius = 5
else:
radius = 3
# pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j), radius)
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
5、黑白棋子
有了棋盤當然少不了黑白棋子，比較簡單：
# 畫棋子
def _draw_chessman(screen, point, stone_color):
# pygame.draw.circle(screen, stone_color, (Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y), Stone_Radius)
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
6、對局資訊
每一局游戲不可缺少的就是雙方玩家的對局資訊，主要展示雙方的黑白執子以及戰況，關鍵原始碼如下：
# 畫左側資訊顯示
def _draw_left_info(screen, font, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count):
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 4), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + 3, '玩家', BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, '電腦', BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 8, '戰況：', BLUE_COLOR)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 4.5)), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 2), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 5.5) + 3, f'{black_win_count} 勝', BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, f'{white_win_count} 勝', BLUE_COLOR)
def _draw_chessman_pos(screen, pos, stone_color):
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
畫出來的整體效果如下：
至此，整個棋盤的布局就完成了！
7、AI
由于咱們的小游戲不可以聯機，因此大部分時間應該都是人機對下，這樣就需要引入 AI 人機，讓電腦作為對手陪我們下棋，主要原始碼如下：
class AI:
def __init__(self, line_points, chessman):
self._line_points = line_points
self._my = chessman
self._opponent = BLACK_CHESSMAN if chessman == WHITE_CHESSMAN else WHITE_CHESSMAN
self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
def get_opponent_drop(self, point):
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._opponent.Value
def AI_drop(self):
point = None
score = 0
for i in range(self._line_points):
for j in range(self._line_points):
if self._checkerboard[j][i] == 0:
_score = self._get_point_score(Point(i, j))
if _score > score:
score = _score
point = Point(i, j)
elif _score == score and _score > 0:
r = random.randint(0, 100)
if r % 2 == 0:
point = Point(i, j)
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._my.Value
return point
def _get_point_score(self, point):
score = 0
for os in offset:
score += self._get_direction_score(point, os[0], os[1])
return score
def _get_direction_score(self, point, x_offset, y_offset):
count = 0 # 落子處我方連續子數
_count = 0 # 落子處對方連續子數
space = None # 我方連續子中有無空格
_space = None # 對方連續子中有無空格
both = 0 # 我方連續子兩端有無阻擋
_both = 0 # 對方連續子兩端有無阻擋
# 如果是 1 表示是邊上是我方子，2 表示敵方子
flag = self._get_stone_color(point, x_offset, y_offset, True)
if flag != 0:
for step in range(1, 6):
x = point.X + step * x_offset
y = point.Y + step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if flag == 1:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
count += 1
if space is False:
space = True
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_both += 1
break
else:
if space is None:
space = False
else:
break # 遇到第二個空格退出
elif flag == 2:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
_both += 1
break
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_count += 1
if _space is False:
_space = True
else:
if _space is None:
_space = False
else:
break
else:
# 遇到邊也就是阻擋
if flag == 1:
both += 1
elif flag == 2:
_both += 1
if space is False:
space = None
if _space is False:
_space = None
_flag = self._get_stone_color(point, -x_offset, -y_offset, True)
if _flag != 0:
for step in range(1, 6):
x = point.X - step * x_offset
y = point.Y - step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if _flag == 1:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
count += 1
if space is False:
space = True
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_both += 1
break
else:
if space is None:
space = False
else:
break # 遇到第二個空格退出
elif _flag == 2:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
_both += 1
break
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_count += 1
if _space is False:
_space = True
else:
if _space is None:
_space = False
else:
break
else:
# 遇到邊也就是阻擋
if _flag == 1:
both += 1
elif _flag == 2:
_both += 1
score = 0
if count == 4:
score = 10000
elif _count == 4:
score = 9000
elif count == 3:
if both == 0:
score = 1000
elif both == 1:
score = 100
else:
score = 0
elif _count == 3:
if _both == 0:
score = 900
elif _both == 1:
score = 90
else:
score = 0
elif count == 2:
if both == 0:
score = 100
elif both == 1:
score = 10
else:
score = 0
elif _count == 2:
if _both == 0:
score = 90
elif _both == 1:
score = 9
else:
score = 0
elif count == 1:
score = 10
elif _count == 1:
score = 9
else:
score = 0
if space or _space:
score /= 2
return score
# 判斷指定位置處在指定方向上是我方子、對方子、空
def _get_stone_color(self, point, x_offset, y_offset, next):
x = point.X + x_offset
y = point.Y + y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
return 1
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
return 2
else:
if next:
return self._get_stone_color(Point(x, y), x_offset, y_offset, False)
else:
return 0
else:
return 0
8、完善
最后就是對規則的一些完善，比如落子，判斷輸贏以及勝利界面之類的撰寫，關鍵原始碼如下：
class Checkerboard:
def __init__(self, line_points):
self._line_points = line_points
self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
def _get_checkerboard(self):
return self._checkerboard
checkerboard = property(_get_checkerboard)
# 判斷是否可落子
def can_drop(self, point):
return self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] == 0
def drop(self, chessman, point):
"""
落子
:param chessman:
:param point:落子位置
:return:若該子落下之后即可獲勝，則回傳獲勝方，否則回傳 None
"""
print(f'{chessman.Name} ({point.X}, {point.Y})')
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = chessman.Value
if self._win(point):
print(f'{chessman.Name}獲勝')
return chessman
# 判斷是否贏了
def _win(self, point):
cur_value = self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X]
for os in offset:
if self._get_count_on_direction(point, cur_value, os[0], os[1]):
return True
def _get_count_on_direction(self, point, value, x_offset, y_offset):
count = 1
for step in range(1, 5):
x = point.X + step * x_offset
y = point.Y + step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
count += 1
else:
break
for step in range(1, 5):
x = point.X - step * x_offset
y = point.Y - step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
count += 1
else:
break
return count >= 5
至此，整個游戲就已經制作完成，下面我們可以試玩一下：
說來慚愧，竟不敵人機，再來一局，勝天半子，終于贏了！
感興趣的小伙伴可以來玩一波啦！
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/houduan/413441.html
標籤：python
上一篇：python的變數與常量