作者:明明如月學長
鏈接:https://juejin.cn/post/7118073840999071751
一、背景
有些業務場景下需要將 Java Bean 轉成 Map 再使用,
本以為很簡單場景,但是坑很多,
二、那些坑
2.0 測驗物件
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
public class MockObject extends MockParent{
private Integer aInteger;
private Long aLong;
private Double aDouble;
private Date aDate;
}
父類
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class MockParent {
private Long parent;
}
2.1 JSON 反序列化了型別丟失
2.1.1 問題復現
將 Java Bean 轉 Map 最常見的手段就是使用 JSON 框架,如 fastjson 、 gson、jackson 等, 但使用 JSON 將 Java Bean 轉 Map 會導致部分資料型別丟失, 如使用 fastjson ,當屬性為 Long 型別但數字小于 Integer 最大值時,反序列成 Map 之后,將變為 Integer 型別,
maven 依賴:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
</dependency>
示例代碼:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
public class JsonDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
String json = JSON.toJSONString(mockObject);
Map<String,Object> map = JSON.parseObject(json, new TypeReference<Map<String,Object>>(){});
System.out.println(map);
}
}
結果列印:
{"parent":3,"ADouble":3.4,"ALong":2,"AInteger":1,"ADate":1657299916477}
除錯截圖:
通過 Java Visualizer 插件進行可視化查看:

2.2.2 問題描述
存在兩個問題 (1) 通過 fastjson 將 Java Bean 轉為 Map ,型別會發生轉變, 如 Long 變成 Integer ,Date 變成 Long, Double 變成 Decimal 型別等, (2)在某些場景下,Map 的 key 并非和屬性名完全對應,像是通過 get set 方法“推斷”出來的屬性名,
2.2 BeanMap 轉換屬性名錯誤
2.2.1 commons-beanutils 的 BeanMap
maven 版本:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
代碼示例:
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanMap;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class BeanUtilsDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
BeanMap beanMap = new BeanMap(mockObject);
System.out.println(beanMap);
}
}
除錯截圖:
存在和 cglib 一樣的問題,雖然型別沒問題但是屬性名還是不對,
原因分析:
/**
* Constructs a new <code>BeanMap</code> that operates on the
* specified bean. If the given bean is <code>null</code>, then
* this map will be empty.
*
* @param bean the bean for this map to operate on
*/
public BeanMap(final Object bean) {
this.bean = bean;
initialise();
}
關鍵代碼:
private void initialise() {
if(getBean() == null) {
return;
}
final Class<? extends Object> beanClass = getBean().getClass();
try {
//BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo( bean, null );
final BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo( beanClass );
final PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if ( propertyDescriptors != null ) {
for (final PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor : propertyDescriptors) {
if ( propertyDescriptor != null ) {
final String name = propertyDescriptor.getName();
final Method readMethod = propertyDescriptor.getReadMethod();
final Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod();
final Class<? extends Object> aType = propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType();
if ( readMethod != null ) {
readMethods.put( name, readMethod );
}
if ( writeMethod != null ) {
writeMethods.put( name, writeMethod );
}
types.put( name, aType );
}
}
}
}
catch ( final IntrospectionException e ) {
logWarn( e );
}
}
除錯一下就會發現,問題出在 BeanInfo 里面 PropertyDescriptor 的 name 不正確,

經過分析會發現 java.beans.Introspector#getTargetPropertyInfo 方法是欄位決議的關鍵
對于無參的以 get 開頭的方法名從 index =3 處截取,如 getALong 截取后為 ALong, 如 getADouble 截取后為 ADouble,
然后去構造 PropertyDescriptor:
/**
* Creates <code>PropertyDescriptor</code> for the specified bean
* with the specified name and methods to read/write the property value.
*
* @param bean the type of the target bean
* @param base the base name of the property (the rest of the method name)
* @param read the method used for reading the property value
* @param write the method used for writing the property value
* @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during introspection
*
* @since 1.7
*/
PropertyDescriptor(Class<?> bean, String base, Method read, Method write) throws IntrospectionException {
if (bean == null) {
throw new IntrospectionException("Target Bean class is null");
}
setClass0(bean);
setName(Introspector.decapitalize(base));
setReadMethod(read);
setWriteMethod(write);
this.baseName = base;
}
底層使用 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize 進行決議:
/**
* Utility method to take a string and convert it to normal Java variable
* name capitalization. This normally means converting the first
* character from upper case to lower case, but in the (unusual) special
* case when there is more than one character and both the first and
* second characters are upper case, we leave it alone.
* <p>
* Thus "FooBah" becomes "fooBah" and "X" becomes "x", but "URL" stays
* as "URL".
*
* @param name The string to be decapitalized.
* @return The decapitalized version of the string.
*/
public static String decapitalize(String name) {
if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
return name;
}
if (name.length() > 1 && Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(1)) &&
Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(0))){
return name;
}
char chars[] = name.toCharArray();
chars[0] = Character.toLowerCase(chars[0]);
return new String(chars);
}
從代碼中我們可以看出 (1) 當 name 的長度 > 1,且第一個字符和第二個字符都大寫時,直接回傳引數作為PropertyDescriptor name, (2) 否則將 name 轉為首字母小寫
這種處理本意是為了不讓屬性為類似 URL 這種縮略詞轉為 uRL ,結果“誤傷”了我們這種場景,
2.2.2 使用 cglib 的 BeanMap
cglib 依賴
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>3.2.12</version>
</dependency>
代碼示例:
import net.sf.cglib.beans.BeanMap;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class BeanMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
BeanMap beanMapp = BeanMap.create(mockObject);
System.out.println(beanMapp);
}
}
結果展示:
我們發現型別對了,但是屬性名依然不對,
關鍵代碼: net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils#getBeanGetters 底層也會用到 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize 所以屬性名存在一樣的問題就不足為奇了,
三、解決辦法
3.1 解決方案
解決方案有很多,本文提供一個基于 dubbo的解決方案,
maven 依賴:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.dubbo/dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>3.0.9</version>
</dependency>
示例代碼:
import org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils;
import third.fastjson.MockObject;
import java.util.Date;
public class DubboPojoDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MockObject mockObject = new MockObject();
mockObject.setAInteger(1);
mockObject.setALong(2L);
mockObject.setADate(new Date());
mockObject.setADouble(3.4D);
mockObject.setParent(3L);
Object generalize = PojoUtils.generalize(mockObject);
System.out.println(generalize);
}
}
除錯效果:
Java Visualizer 效果: 
3.2 原理決議
核心代碼: org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils#generalize(java.lang.Object)
public static Object generalize(Object pojo) {
eturn generalize(pojo, new IdentityHashMap());
}
關鍵代碼:
// pojo 待轉換的物件
// history 快取 Map,提高性能
private static Object generalize(Object pojo, Map<Object, Object> history) {
if (pojo == null) {
return null;
}
// 列舉直接回傳列舉名
if (pojo instanceof Enum<?>) {
return ((Enum<?>) pojo).name();
}
// 列舉陣列,回傳列舉名陣列
if (pojo.getClass().isArray() && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(pojo.getClass().getComponentType())) {
int len = Array.getLength(pojo);
String[] values = new String[len];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
values[i] = ((Enum<?>) Array.get(pojo, i)).name();
}
return values;
}
// 基本型別回傳 pojo 自身
if (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pojo.getClass())) {
return pojo;
}
// Class 回傳 name
if (pojo instanceof Class) {
return ((Class) pojo).getName();
}
Object o = history.get(pojo);
if (o != null) {
return o;
}
history.put(pojo, pojo);
// 陣列型別,遞回
if (pojo.getClass().isArray()) {
int len = Array.getLength(pojo);
Object[] dest = new Object[len];
history.put(pojo, dest);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i);
dest[i] = generalize(obj, history);
}
return dest;
}
// 集合型別遞回
if (pojo instanceof Collection<?>) {
Collection<Object> src = https://www.cnblogs.com/javastack/archive/2022/07/28/(Collection
關鍵截圖

org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.ReflectUtils#getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod
public static String getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(Method method) {
if (isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) {
// get 方法,則從 index =3 的字符小寫 + 后面的字串
if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) {
return method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase()
+ method.getName().substring(4);
}
// is 開頭方法, index =2 的字符小寫 + 后面的字串
if (method.getName().startsWith("is")) {
return method.getName().substring(2, 3).toLowerCase()
+ method.getName().substring(3);
}
}
return null;
}
因此, getALong 方法對應的屬性名被決議為 aLong,
同時,這么處理也會存在問題,如當屬性名叫 URL 時,轉為 Map 后 key 就會被決議成 uRL,

從這里看出,當屬性名比較特殊時也很容易出問題,但 dubbo 這個工具類更符合我們的預期, 更多細節,大家可以根據 DEMO 自行除錯學習,
如果想嚴格和屬性保持一致,可以使用反射獲取屬性名和屬性值,加快取機制提升決議的效率,
四、總結
Java Bean 轉 Map 的坑很多,最常見的就是型別丟失和屬性名決議錯誤的問題, 大家在使用 JSON 框架和 Java Bean 轉 Map 的框架時要特別小心, 平時使用某些框架時,多寫一些 DEMO 進行驗證,多讀原始碼,多除錯,少趟坑,
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