1.認識shiro

??除Spring Security安全框架外，應用非常廣泛的就是Apache的強大又靈活的開源安全框架 Shiro,在國內使用量遠遠超過Spring Security，它能夠用于身份驗證、授權、加密和會話管理，有易于理解的API,可以快速、輕松地構建任何應用程式，而且大部分人覺得從Shiro入門要比 Spring Security 簡單，

??1.1 認識Shiro的核心組件

Shiro有如下核心組件，

Subject：代表當前“用戶”，與當前應用程式互動的任何東西都是Subject,如爬蟲、機器人、所有Subject都系結到SecurityManager，與Subject的所有互動都會委托給 SecurityManager，Subject 是一個門面，SecurityManager 是實際的執行者，
SecurityManager：與安全有關的操作都會與SecurityManager互動，它管理著所有 Subject，是Shiro的核心，員責與其他組件進行互動，
Realm： Shiro從Realm中獲取安全資料(用戶、角色、權限)，SecurityManager 需要從Realm中獲取相應的用戶資訊進行比較用戶身份是否合法，也需要從Realm中得到用戶相應的角色/權限進行驗證，以確定用戶是否能進行操作，

2.實體：用shiro實作管理后臺的動態權限功能

??依賴：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>

??2.1 創建物體

??2.1.1 創建管理員物體

??創建管理物體，用于存放管理員資訊，見以下代碼：

package com.intehel.demo.domain;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

@Entity
@Data
public class Admin implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Integer id;
    @Column(unique = true)
    //賬號
    private String username;
    //名稱
    private String name;
    //密碼
    private String password;
    //鹽加密
    private String salt;
    //用戶狀態：0：創建未認證，等待驗證 1：正常狀態 2：用戶被鎖定
    private byte state;
    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "SysUserRole",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "uid")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roleId")})
    private List<SysRole> rolesList;
}

??2.1.2 創建權限物體

??權限物體用于存放權限資料，見以下代碼：

package com.intehel.demo.domain;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

@Entity
@Data
public class SysPermission implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    @Column(columnDefinition = "enum('menu','button')")
    private String resourceType;
    private String url;
    private String permission;
    private Long parentId;
    private String parentIds;
    private Boolean avaliable = Boolean.FALSE;
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "SysRolePermission",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "permissionId")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roleId")})
    private List<SysRole> rolesList;

}

??2.1.3 創建角色物體

??角色物體是管理員的角色，用于對管理員分組，并通過與權限表映射來確定管理員的權限，見以下代碼：

package com.intehel.demo.domain;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.List;

@Entity
@Data
public class SysRole {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Integer id;
    @Column(unique = true)
    private String role;
    private String description;
    private Boolean available = Boolean.FALSE;
    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "SysRolePermission",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roleId")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "permissionId")})
    private List<SysPermission> permissions;
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "SysUserRole",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roleId")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "uid")})
    private List<Admin> admins;
}

??2.2 進行權限配置

package com.intehel.demo.realm;

import com.intehel.demo.domain.Admin;
import com.intehel.demo.domain.SysPermission;
import com.intehel.demo.domain.SysRole;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;

public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        Admin adminInfo = (Admin) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        for (SysRole role : adminInfo.getRolesList()) {
            info.addRole(role.getRole());
            for (SysPermission p:role.getPermissions()){
                info.addStringPermission(p.getPermission());
            }
        }
        return info;
    }

    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        String username = (String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal();
        System.out.println(authenticationToken.getCredentials());
        Admin adminInfo = new Admin();
        adminInfo.setUsername("long");
        adminInfo.setPassword("longzhonghua");
        adminInfo.setSalt("yan");
        SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(
                adminInfo,adminInfo.getPassword(),
                ByteSource.Util.bytes(adminInfo.getSalt()),
                getName()
        );
        return info;
    }
}

??2.3 將shiro注入到spring容器中

package com.intehel.demo.config;

import com.intehel.demo.realm.CustomerRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator() {
        DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
        defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
        return  defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator;
    }

    // 將自己驗證的方式加入到容器中
    @Bean
    public CustomerRealm customRealm() {
        CustomerRealm customRealm = new CustomerRealm();
        return customRealm;
    }

    //權限管理,配置主要是Realm的管理認證
    @Bean
    public SecurityManager securityManager() {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager  defaultSecurityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager ();
        defaultSecurityManager.setRealm(customRealm());
        return defaultSecurityManager;
    }
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        // 登出
        map.put("/logout","logout");
        // 對所有用戶進行認證
        map.put("/**","authc");
        //登錄
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
        // 首頁
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");
        // 錯誤頁面 認證不通過跳轉
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/error");
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }


    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) {
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    }


}

??2.4 撰寫控制層

package com.intehel.demo.controller;
import com.intehel.demo.domain.Admin;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class LoginController {

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public String login(Admin user) {
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getUsername()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())) {
            return "請輸入用戶名和密碼";
        }

        // 用戶認證資訊
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = new UsernamePasswordToken(user.getUsername(),user.getPassword());
        try {
            // 進行驗證,這里可以捕獲例外,然后回傳對應資訊
            subject.login(usernamePasswordToken);
        }catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
            log.error("用戶名不存在",e);
            return "用戶名不存在";
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            log.error("賬號或者密碼錯誤!",e);
            return "賬號或者密碼錯誤!";
        } catch (AuthorizationException e) {
            log.error("沒有權限！",e);
            return "沒有權限";
        }
        return "login success";
    }


    @RequiresRoles("admin")
    @GetMapping("/admin")
    public String admin() {
        return "admin Success!";
    }

    @RequiresPermissions("query")
    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index() {
        return "index success";
    }

    @RequiresPermissions("add")
    @GetMapping("/add")
    public String add() {
        return "add success";
    }

}

??2.5 測驗權限

??（1）向sql中插入資料

INSERT INTO `admin` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `salt`, `state`, `username`) VALUES (1, '管理員', '32baebda76498588dabf64c6e8984097', 'yan', 0, 'long');
INSERT INTO `sys_permission` (`id`, `avaliable`, `name`, `parent_id`, `parent_ids`, `permission`, `resource_type`, `url`) VALUES (1, b'0', '用戶管理', 0, '0/', 'admin:view', 'menu', 'admin/list');
INSERT INTO `sys_permission` (`id`, `avaliable`, `name`, `parent_id`, `parent_ids`, `permission`, `resource_type`, `url`) VALUES (2, b'0', '用戶添加', 1, '0/1', 'admin:add', 'button', 'admin/add');
INSERT INTO `sys_permission` (`id`, `avaliable`, `name`, `parent_id`, `parent_ids`, `permission`, `resource_type`, `url`) VALUES (3, b'0', '用戶洗掉', 1, '0/1', 'admin:del', 'button', 'admin/del');
INSERT INTO `sys_role` (`id`, `available`, `description`, `role`) VALUES (1, b'0', '管理員', 'admin');
INSERT INTO `sys_role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO `sys_role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO `sys_role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`) VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` (`role_id`, `uid`) VALUES (1, 1);

??（2）測驗登錄

??2.6 對比 Spring Security 與 Shiro

??（1）Shiro的特點

功能強大，且簡單、靈活，
擁有易于理解的API，
簡單的身份認證(登錄)，支持多種資料源(LDAP、JDBC、Kerberos、ActiveDirectory等)，
支持對角色的簡單簽權，并且支持細粒度的簽權，
支持一級快取，以提升應用程式的性能，
內置的基于POJO會話管理，適用于Web,以及非Web環境，
不跟任何的框架或容器捆綁，可以獨立運行，

??（2）Spring Security 的特點，

Shiro的功能它都有
對防止CSRF跨站、XSS跨站腳本可以很好地實作，對Oauth、OpenlD也有支持，Shiro 則需要開發者自己手動實作，
因為Spring Security是Spring自己的產品，所以對Spring的支持極好，但也正是因為這個，所以僅僅支持自己的產品，導致其捆綁到了 Spring框架，而不支持其他框架，
Spring Security的權限細粒度更高(這不是絕對的，Shiro也可以實作)，

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