1、簡介
SpringBoot不僅繼承了Spring框架原有的優秀特性,而且還通過簡化配置來進一步簡化了Spring應用的整個搭建和開發程序,
在Spring-Boot專案開發中,存在著本模塊的代碼需要訪問外面模塊介面,或外部url鏈接的需求, 比如在apaas開發程序中需要封裝介面在介面中呼叫apaas提供的介面(像發起流程介面submit等等)下面也是提供了三種方式(不使用dubbo的方式)供我們選擇
推薦一個開源免費的 Spring Boot 實戰專案:
https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
2、方式一:使用原始httpClient請求
/*
* @description get方式獲取入參,插入資料并發起流程
* @author lyx
* @date 2022/8/24 16:05
* @params documentId
* @return String
*/
//
@RequestMapping("/submit/{documentId}")
public String submit1(@PathVariable String documentId) throws ParseException {
//此處將要發送的資料轉換為json格式字串
Map<String,Object> map =task2Service.getMap(documentId);
String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map, SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
JSONObject sr = task2Service.doPost(jsonObject);
return sr.toString();
}
/*
* @description 使用原生httpClient呼叫外部介面
* @author lyx
* @date 2022/8/24 16:08
* @params date
* @return JSONObject
*/
public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) {
String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 要呼叫的介面url
String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661 /xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
//創建請求體并添加資料
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString());
//此處相當于在header里頭添加content-type等引數
s.setContentType("application/json");
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
post.setEntity(s);
//此處相當于在Authorization里頭添加Bear token引數資訊
post.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " +assessToken);
HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
if (res.getStatusLine()
.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
// 回傳json格式:
String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
3、方式二:使用RestTemplate方法
Spring-Boot開發中,RestTemplate同樣提供了對外訪問的介面API,這里主要介紹Get和Post方法的使用,
Get請求
提供了getForObject 、getForEntity兩種方式,其中getForEntity如下三種方法的實作:
Get--getForEntity,存在以下兩種方式多載
1.getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
2.getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
Get--getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
//該方法使用URI物件來替代之前的url和urlVariables引數來指定訪問地址和引數系結,URI是JDK java.net包下的一個類,表示一個統一資源識別符號(Uniform Resource Identifier)參考,參考如下:
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
UriComponents
uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}")
.build()
.expand("dodo")
.encode();
URI uri=uriComponents.toUri();
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();
Get--getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
//該方法提供了三個引數,其中url為請求的地址,responseType為請求回應body的包裝型別,urlVariables為url中的引數系結,該方法的參考呼叫如下:
// http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
Mapparams=new HashMap<>();
params.put("name","dada"); //
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);
Get--getForObject,存在以下三種方式多載
1.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables)
2.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables)
3.getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)
getForObject方法可以理解為對getForEntity的進一步封裝,它通過HttpMessageConverterExtractor對HTTP的請求回應體body內容進行物件轉換,實作請求直接回傳包裝好的物件內容,
Post 請求
Post請求提供有postForEntity、postForObject和postForLocation三種方式,其中每種方式都有三種方法,下面介紹postForEntity的使用方法,
Post--postForEntity,存在以下三種方式多載
1.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object... uriVariables)
2.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map uriVariables)
3.postForEntity(URI url,Object request,Class responseType)
如下僅演示第二種多載方式
/*
* @description post方式獲取入參,插入資料并發起流程
* @author lyx
* @date 2022/8/24 16:07
* @params
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/submit2")
public Object insertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) {
String documentId=jsonObject.get("documentId").toString();
return task2Service.submit(documentId);
}
/*
* @description 使用restTimeplate調外部介面
* @author lyx
* @date 2022/8/24 16:02
* @params documentId
* @return String
*/
public String submit(String documentId){
String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
//創建請求頭
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
//此處相當于在Authorization里頭添加Bear token引數資訊
httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer " + assessToken);
//此處相當于在header里頭添加content-type等引數
httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json");
Map<String, Object> map = getMap(documentId);
String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);
//創建請求體并添加資料
HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<Map>(map, httpHeaders);
String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);//此處三個引數分別是請求地址、請求體以及回傳引數型別
return forEntity.toString();
}
4、方式三:使用Feign進行消費
在maven專案中添加依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
啟動類上加上@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"})
public class MobilecardApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args);
}
}
此處撰寫介面模擬外部介面供feign呼叫外部介面方式使用
定義controller
@Autowired
PrintService printService;
@PostMapping("/outSide")
public String test(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return printService.print(testDto);
}
定義service
@Service
public interface PrintService {
public String print(TestDto testDto);
}
定義serviceImpl
public class PrintServiceImpl implements PrintService {
@Override
public String print(TestDto testDto) {
return "模擬外部系統的介面功能"+testDto.getId();
}
}
構建Feigin的Service
定義service
//此處name需要設定不為空,url需要在.properties中設定
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}", name = "service2")
public interface FeignService2 {
@RequestMapping(value = "https://www.cnblogs.com/custom/outSide", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}
定義controller
@Autowired
FeignService2 feignService2;
//測驗feign呼叫外部介面入口
@PostMapping("/test2")
public String test2(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return feignService2.getMessage(testDto);
}
postman測驗

此處因為我使用了所在專案,所以需要添加一定的請求頭等資訊,關于Feign的請求頭添加也會在后續補充
補充如下:
添加Header解決方法
將token等資訊放入Feign請求頭中,主要通過重寫RequestInterceptor的apply方法實作
定義config
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig implements RequestInterceptor {
@Override
public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {
//添加token
requestTemplate.header("token", "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ");
}
}
定義service
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}",name = "feignServer", configuration = FeignDemoConfig.class)
public interface TokenDemoClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "https://www.cnblogs.com/custom/outSideAddToken", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}
定義controller
//測驗feign呼叫外部介面入口,加上token
@PostMapping("/testToken")
public String test4(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return tokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto);
}
著作權宣告:本文為CSDN博主「Chelsea」的原創文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA著作權協議,轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本宣告,原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/Chelsea/article/details/126689495
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