Ubuntu18.04下安裝openCV4.1.2

注意：

　　在整個安裝程序中，包括后期QT的使用中不要出現中文路徑，會很坑的，

一、下載openCV4.1.2

　　可以再官網進行下載https://opencv.org/releases/->選擇Sources下載原始碼然后進行編譯安裝

　　也可以在https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/4.1.2下載原始碼進行編譯安裝

       也可以在百度云盤下載安裝https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIqIvyA6BjjAy1pkC-Mg0w，

二、更新Ubuntu18.04apt源為阿里源(如果已更新或者其他源可以自己嘗試)，

　　// 1.備份/etc/apt/sources.list

1 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

　　// 2.打開/etc/apt/sources.list

1 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

　　// 3.洗掉檔案內所有內容

　　// 4.將一下內容復制進/etc/apt/sources.list檔案中

 1 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 2 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 3 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 4 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 5 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 6 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 7 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 8 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 9 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse10 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse   

       // 5.更新源

1 sudo apt-get update2 sudo apt-get upgrade

三、解決ubuntu1804無法安裝libjasper-dev問題（速度會非常的慢，一定要耐心等待）

       // 1.檢測是否有問題

1 apt-get install libjasper-dev

         如果有報錯資訊：errorE: unable to locate libjasper-dev則繼續解決一下問題，沒有則可跳過第三步，

　　// 2.解決方案

1 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"2 sudo apt update3 sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

　　添加一個源來重新安裝，其中，libjasper1是新的依賴項，
　　但是上述命令會可能產生新的問題，無法找到add-apt-repository問題

       // 3.解決add-apt-repository問題

1 apt-get -y install software-properties-common2 apt-get -y install apt-file3 apt-get update

四、添加openCV安裝的相關準備

       //1.安裝cmake(如果已經安裝過可以忽略)

1 sudo apt-get install cmake

　　// 2.安裝openCV相關依賴（如果剛才第三步失敗或者跳過的話可能 libjasper-dev 會報錯）

1 sudo apt-get install build-essential libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

　　事實上，OpenCV的依賴項眾多，在cmake階段檢查依賴項是否安裝，調整自己的功能，因此，可根據專案需要調整安裝依賴項，

五、安裝openCV

　　//1.將下載的opencv-4.1.2.zip拷貝到主目錄下，并解壓縮

　　// 2.打開終端并切換至主目錄下的openCV-4.1.2

1 cd /home/DepZcb/openCV-4.1.2

　　// 3.在openCV-4.1.2下創建一個名為build目錄，并切換到這個目錄下

1 mkdir build2 cd ./build

　　// 4.執行cmake，生成makefile檔案

1 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

　　命令說明:

　　　　OpenCV4默認不生成.pc檔案，OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON才會生成，該編譯選項開啟生成opencv4.pc檔案，支持pkg-config功能，

　　　　可用-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定安裝目錄，如果指定安裝目錄則默認各部分分別安裝在/usr/local/目錄的include/ bin/ lib/3個檔案夾下.

              .. 為上一級目錄，

　　// 5.執行makefile檔案(有些人說上一步不會生成makefile，我在虛擬機和純系統中都試過，在deepin下安裝也試過沒有出現類似問題，但出現了一堆其他問題，感徑訓是源沒有配置好)

1 sudo make -j[N]

　　說明:-j[n]我的電腦是四核四執行緒，可以運行make -j4，如果是八核可用make -j8，如果不想編譯時影響作業，可以用-j3，建議虛擬機的同學就直接運行sudo make就行.

　　　　這一步事件很長的，大概需要半個小時往上，請耐心等待，

　　// 6.進行make install安裝

1 sudo make install

六、C++環境配置

　　// 1.先在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/檔案夾下新建一個opencv4.conf，然后再檔案中寫入/usr/local/lib，

1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/2 sudo touch opencv4.conf3 sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv4.conf'入代碼片

　　 // 2.更新pkg-config

1 sudo ldconfig

　　 // 3.查看安裝

1 pkg-config --libs opencv42 pkg-config --cflags opencv4

　　// 4.配置bash

1 sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc  2 //在末尾添加3 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig4 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

　　//5.更新bash

1 sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc2 //激活配置然后更新database3 sudo updatedb  

　　可能會遇到問題sudo: source: command not found,這時可如下2步處理（如圖）:
　　1> sudo -s
　　2> source /etc/profile　　

　　安裝完成

七、可能出現的問題

　　// 1.QT5 Core編譯錯誤　

  1 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:18 (find_package):  2 By not providing "FindQt5Core.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has  3 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core", but  4 CMake did not find one.  5   6 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core" with any  7 of the following names:  8   9 Qt5CoreConfig.cmake 10 qt5core-config.cmake 11  12 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Core" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 13 "Qt5Core_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If 14 "Qt5Core" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 15 been installed. 16 Call Stack (most recent call first): 17 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 18  19 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:19 (find_package): 20 By not providing "FindQt5Gui.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has 21 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui", but 22 CMake did not find one. 23  24 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui" with any 25 of the following names: 26  27   Qt5GuiConfig.cmake 28   qt5gui-config.cmake 29  30 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Gui" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 31 "Qt5Gui_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "Qt5Gui" 32 provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been 33 installed. 34 Call Stack (most recent call first): 35 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 36  37  38 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:20 (find_package): 39 By not providing "FindQt5Widgets.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project 40 has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by 41 "Qt5Widgets", but CMake did not find one. 42  43 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Widgets" with 44 any of the following names: 45  46   Qt5WidgetsConfig.cmake 47   qt5widgets-config.cmake 48  49 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Widgets" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 50 "Qt5Widgets_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If 51 "Qt5Widgets" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 52 been installed. 53  54 Call Stack (most recent call first): 55  56   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 57  58 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:21 (find_package): 59  60   By not providing "FindQt5Test.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test", but 61  62   CMake did not find one. 63  64   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test" with any 65  66   of the following names: 67  68 Qt5TestConfig.cmake 69 qt5test-config.cmake 70  71 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Test" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 72 "Qt5Test_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If 73 "Qt5Test" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has 74 been installed. 75 Call Stack (most recent call first): 76   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 77  78  79 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:22 (find_package): 80   By not providing "FindQt5Concurrent.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this 81   project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by 82   "Qt5Concurrent", but CMake did not find one. 83  84   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Concurrent" 85   with any of the following names: 86  87     Qt5ConcurrentConfig.cmake 88     qt5concurrent-config.cmake 89  90   Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Concurrent" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set 91   "Qt5Concurrent_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If 92   "Qt5Concurrent" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it 93   has been installed. 94   Call Stack (most recent call first): 95   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include) 96  97 qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file     or         directory 98 CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindQt4.cmake:1386 (message): 99   Found unsuitable Qt version "" from NOTFOUND, this code requires Qt 4.x100 Call Stack (most recent call first):101   cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:34 (find_package)102   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)103 104 -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!105 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".106 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".107 108 Qt5Core-CMake did not find one

　　解決辦法：安裝qt5-default

1 sudo apt-get install qt5-default

八、python環境的配置

　　// 1.安裝python和numpy　

1 sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpy #如果已經安裝過，則該步驟省略

　　// 2.驗證

$ python3>>> import cv2>>> print(cv2.__version__)'4.1.1'>>> 

九、卸載openCV

　　如果安裝出現了百度不能解決的問題，最好的辦法就是卸載重新裝一次(第一次安裝時前前后后卸載了四五次)，

　　// 1. 洗掉openCV4.conf

1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/2 sudo rm opencv4.conf

　　// 2.卸載

1 cd2 cd ./OpenCV-4.1.1/build3 sudo make uinstall

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