Android studio:動態fragment的用法
fragment的使用時Android的基礎,它有兩種用法,第一個就是靜態的fragment,第二個則是動態的fragment,
靜態fragment直接在layout創建你想要的fragment的XML的檔案,然后在你的Java包里面創建對應fragment的class檔案
布局代碼如下所示

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="歡迎來到廣西!"/>
</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="去廣西"
android:id="@+id/bt_anjian1"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="去廣東"
android:id="@+id/bt_anjian2"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:id="@+id/ll_rongqi"
android:layout_weight="9">
</LinearLayout>
<fragment
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fragment_1"/>
</LinearLayout>
*這里需要注意一下,如果你不給fragment加個id,那你運行app的時候將會發生閃退現象,

package com.example.anyone_fragment_2;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
public class Fragment_1 extends Fragment {
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1,container,false);
return view;
}
}
這樣靜態fragment算是弄好了,但是這次我們主要討論動態fragment的用法
首先,我們先在activity_main中寫下如下代碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="去廣西"
android:id="@+id/bt_anjian1"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="去廣東"
android:id="@+id/bt_anjian2"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:id="@+id/ll_rongqi"
android:layout_weight="9">
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
布局效果圖是這樣的

這里fragment的XML檔案和開頭所說的靜態fragment的那個XML檔案的寫法是一樣的
同理,fragment對應的class檔案也是相同的,
package com.example.anyone_fragment_2;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {//有abstract就閃退
private Button bt_anjian1,bt_anjian2;
private Fragment Fragment_1,Fragmentnow,Fragment_2;
private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
chushihua();
shilihua();
}
private void chushihua()
{
bt_anjian1=findViewById(R.id.bt_anjian1);
bt_anjian2=findViewById(R.id.bt_anjian2);
bt_anjian1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt_anjian2.setOnClickListener(this);
}
private void shilihua(){
//用于實體化fragment
Fragment_1=new Fragment_1();
Fragment_2=new Fragment_2();
Fragmentnow=Fragment_1;
fragmentManager=getSupportFragmentManager();
fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//38:只要你要對fragment進行操作就少不了這句 原來的寫法是FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_1).commit();
}
public void onClick(View vv)
{
fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
switch (vv.getId())
{
case R.id.bt_anjian1:if (Fragment_1.isAdded())
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).show(Fragment_1).commit();
}
else
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_1).commit();
}
Fragmentnow=Fragment_1;
break;
case R.id.bt_anjian2:if(Fragment_2.isAdded())
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).show(Fragment_2).commit();
}
else
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_2).commit();
}
Fragmentnow=Fragment_2;
break;
}
}
}
下面來分析一些地方
初始化功能函式
private void chushihua()
{
bt_anjian1=findViewById(R.id.bt_anjian1);
bt_anjian2=findViewById(R.id.bt_anjian2);
bt_anjian1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt_anjian2.setOnClickListener(this);
}
這樣寫的目的是讓代碼可讀性更好,不至于很混亂,
其次就是實體化我們所寫的fragment功能函式
private void shilihua(){
//用于實體化fragment
Fragment_1=new Fragment_1();
Fragment_2=new Fragment_2();
Fragmentnow=Fragment_1;
fragmentManager=getSupportFragmentManager();
fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//38:只要你要對fragment進行操作就少不了這句 原來的寫法是FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_1).commit();
}
其中的
FragmentManager fragmentManager;
這個是fragment和activity互動所要用到的,
fragmentManager=getSupportFragmentManager();
固定寫法,
而
private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;
fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
是調動fragment操作的API,也必不可少,
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_1).commit();
是添加fragment所用的陳述句,在這里就相當于是初始化吧,add(容器id,碎片物件),commit則是提交,
public void onClick(View vv)
{
fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
switch (vv.getId())
{
case R.id.bt_anjian1:if (Fragment_1.isAdded())
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).show(Fragment_1).commit();
}
else
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_1).commit();
}
Fragmentnow=Fragment_1;
break;
case R.id.bt_anjian2:if(Fragment_2.isAdded())
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).show(Fragment_2).commit();
}
else
{
fragmentTransaction.hide(Fragmentnow).add(R.id.ll_rongqi,Fragment_2).commit();
}
Fragmentnow=Fragment_2;
break;
}
}
這里的onClick的名字是不能改變的,否則你button沒辦法觸發,
用傳來的形參View vv來獲取到我們所點擊的按鈕來判斷操作,
思想就是,如果Fragment存在,則只需要把它展示出來即可,isAdded嘛,ed過去式,那就是代表存在過咯,
若是沒有,則添加就好,
好了,就到這吧,有錯誤的話希望能指出來,大家一起共同進步!
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