這個三數碼，八數碼十六數碼都能查，
import numpy as np
import copy
from datetime import datetime
#定位元素0的位置
def local(S0):
a = np.array(S0)
i,j = np.where(a == 0)
return i[0],j[0]
def right_(S0):
i,j = local(S0)
arr = copy.deepcopy(S0)
if j in (0,len(S0)-2):
arr[i][j], arr[i][j+1] = arr[i][j+1],arr[i][j]
return arr
def left_(S0):
i,j = local(S0)
arr = copy.deepcopy(S0)
if j in (1,len(S0)-1):
arr[i][j],arr[i][j-1] = arr[i][j-1],arr[i][j]
return arr
def up_(S0):
i,j = local(S0)
arr = copy.deepcopy(S0)
if i in (1,len(S0)-1):
arr[i][j],arr[i-1][j] = arr[i-1][j],arr[i][j]
return arr
def down_(S0):
i,j = local(S0)
arr = copy.deepcopy(S0)
if i in (0,len(S0)-2):
arr[i][j],arr[i+1][j] = arr[i+1][j],arr[i][j]
return arr
# S1 = [[0,1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8,9,10,11],[12,13,14,15]]
# Sg = [[4,1,2,3],[0,5,6,7],[8,9,10,11],[12,13,14,15]]
S1 = [[0,1],[2,3]]
Sg = [[3,1],[2,0]]
# S1 = [[0,1,3],[4,2,5],[7,8,6]]
# Sg = [[4,1,3],[7,0,5],[8,2,6]]
open_ = [S1]
close = []
start = datetime.now()
while len(open_) > 0:
n = open_.pop(0)
close.append(n)
if n == Sg:
print( n,'true','搜索完畢！')
break
else:
local(n)
Up = up_(n)
if Up not in open_ and Up not in close and Up is not None:
open_.append(Up)
#print("上移 : ",Up)
Down = down_(n)
if Down not in open_ and Down not in close and Down is not None:
open_.append(Down)
#print("下移 : ",Down)
Left = left_(n)
if Left not in open_ and Left not in close and Left is not None:
open_.append(Left)
#print("左移 : ",Left)
Right = right_(n)
if Right not in open_ and Right not in close and Right is not None:
open_.append(Right)
#print("右移 : ",Right)
open_ = list(filter(None, open_))
print(n)
end = datetime.now()
print('共耗時:', end - start)
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