一 、BootStrap概念概述
一個前端開發的框架,Bootstrap,來自 Twitter,是目前很受歡迎的前端框架,Bootstrap 是基于 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的,它簡潔靈活,使得 Web 開發更加快捷,它是回應式布局,同一套頁面可以兼容不同解析度的設備,
二、快速入門
-
下載Bootstrap
點擊下載BootStrap框架 -
在專案中將這三個檔案夾復制

-
創建html頁面,引入必要的資源檔案
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3個meta標簽*必須*放在最前面,任何其他內容都*必須*跟隨其后! --> <title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依賴 jQuery,所以必須放在前邊) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加載 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件,你也可以根據需要只加載單個插件, --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>你好,世界!</h1> </body> </html>結果如下:

三、回應式布局
1.概念
同一套頁面可以兼容不同解析度的設備,
2.實作
依賴于柵格系統:將一行平均分成12個格子,可以指定元素占幾個格子,
3.步驟
⑴ 定義容器,相當于之前的table、
① 容器分類:
-
container:兩邊留白
例如:<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入--> ... <!--通過css的類選擇器給表格加上邊框和顏色--> <style> .haha{ border:1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.定義容器,設定每種設備都是在頁面上都是兩邊留白--> <div class="container"> <!--2.定義行--> <div class="row"> <!--3.定義元素 在大顯示幕一行3個格子 --> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>結果如下:

-
container-fluid:每一種設備都是100%寬度
例如:<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入--> ... <!--通過css的類選擇器給表格加上邊框和顏色--> <style> .haha{ border:1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.定義容器,設定每種設備都是在頁面上都是100%寬度--> <div class="container-fluid"> <!--2.定義行--> <div class="row"> <!--3.定義元素 在大顯示幕一行3個格子 --> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">柵格</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>結果如下:

⑵ 定義行,相當于之前的tr樣式:現在對應的是row
⑶定義元素,指定該元素在不同的設備上,所占的格子數目,樣式:col-設備代號-格子數目
① 設備代號:
xs:超小螢屏 手機 (<768px):col-xs-6sm:小螢屏 平板 (≥768px) : col-sm-6md:中等螢屏 桌面顯示幕 (≥992px): col-md-16lg:大螢屏 大桌面顯示幕 (≥1200px) : col-lg-6
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
<!--通過css的類選擇器給表格加上邊框和顏色-->
<style>
.haha{
border:1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--1.定義容器,設定每種設備都是在頁面上都是兩邊留白-->
<div class="container">
<!--2.定義行-->
<div class="row">
<!--3.定義元素
在超小屏一行6個格子,螢屏裝不下將換行
在小螢屏一行6個格子,螢屏裝不下將換行
在中等螢屏一行6個格子,螢屏裝不下將換行
在大螢屏一行6個格子,螢屏裝不下將換行
-->
<div class="col-xs-6 haha">超小屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 haha">超小屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 haha">小螢屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 haha">小螢屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-md-6 haha">中等螢屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-md-6 haha">中等螢屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 haha">大螢屏柵格</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 haha">大螢屏柵格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
結果如下:
注意從大螢屏到超小螢屏顯示的變化

注意:
?? 1. 一行中如果格子數目超過12,則超出部分自動換行,
?? 2. 柵格類屬性可以向上兼容,柵格類適用于與螢屏寬度大于或等于分界點大小的設備,
?? 3. 如果真實設備寬度小于了設定柵格類屬性的設備代碼的最小值,會一個元素沾滿一整行,
四、BootStrap框架中CSS樣式和JS插件
1 全域CSS樣式:
⑴ 按鈕:
class="btn btn-default":BootStrap默認按鈕樣式
…
class="btn btn-danger":危險紅色按鈕
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" >Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-danger" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
</body>
</html>
樣式效果如下:

⑵ 表格:
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
table-bordered:給表格加邊框table-hover:給表單添加滑鼠懸停效果
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>編號</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年齡</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>張三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>張三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>張三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
效果:

⑶ 表單
給表單項添加:class="form-control"
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="get">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email" name="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" name="Password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:

注意:
需要什么樣式去官網找全域CSS樣式設計手冊
2. 組件:
⑴ 導航條
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
...
</nav>

例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:

⑵分頁條
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
效果:

3. 插件:
⑴輪播圖
輪播圖素材點擊下載
專案結構如下:

代碼如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相關配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="image/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:

五、綜合案例
優化之前寫的旅游網首頁效果
代碼如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3個meta標簽*必須*放在最前面,任何其他內容都*必須*跟隨其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依賴 jQuery,所以必須放在前邊) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加載 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件,你也可以根據需要只加載單個插件, -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<!--通過css給html設定樣式-->
<style>
/*給logo設定樣式*/
.paddtop{
padding-top: 10px;//設定上內邊距為10px
}
/*給輸入框設定樣式*/
.search-input{
float: left;/*設定為左懸浮*/
border:2px solid #ffc900;/*設定邊框和顏色*/
width: 400px;/*寬度為400px*/
height: 35px;/*高度為35px;*/
padding-left: 5px;/*左內邊距為5px*/
margin-top: 15px;/*上外邊距為15px*/
}
/*給按鈕設定樣式*/
.search-btn{
float: left;/*置左懸浮*/
border:1px solid #ffc900;/*設定邊框和顏色*/
width: 90px;/*設定寬度*/
height: 35px;/*設定高度*/
background-color:#ffc900 ;/*設定背景色*/
text-align: center;/*設定左右居中*/
line-height: 35px;/*line-height和height一樣時文字就能上下居中*/
margin-top: 15px;
}
/*設定分割線格式*/
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
/*設定最后著作權樣式*/
.company{
height: 40px;
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height:40px ;
font-size: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1.頁眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="image/top_banner.jpg" class="image-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="image/logo.jpg" class="image-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search-input" placeholder="請輸入線路名稱">
<a class="search-btn" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="image/hotel_tel.png" class="image-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<!--導航欄-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定義漢堡按鈕 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首頁</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div>
<!--輪播圖-->
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="image/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- 2.主體部分-->
<div class="container">
<div class="row jx">
<img src="image/icon_5.jpg">
<span>柯基精選</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row jx">
<img src="image/icon_6.jpg">
<span>國內游</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="image/guonei_1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閑游首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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效果如下:

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