如何使欄位可選？DRF

我使用 django-rest-framework 并且我希望在創建陳述句時“角色”和“功能”欄位是可選的。

請告訴我我該怎么做？

我嘗試了一些技巧，例如：

我試過：

function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, allow_null=True)

和

class Meta:
    ...

    optional_fields = [...]

但我得到了

"function": [
        "This field is required."
    ]

當我嘗試：

function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, required=False)

我得到：

/api/user/'function'' 處的 KeyError

我真的不明白我怎么能改變我的序列化程式

模型.py

class Operator(models.Model):
    ...
    role = models.ForeignKey("OperatorRole", related_name="operator", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)


class OperatorRole(models.Model):
    function = models.ManyToManyField("FunctionRole", null=True)
    role = models.TextField(
        max_length=2,
        choices=Role.choices,
        default=Role.THERMIST
    )


class FunctionRole(models.Model):
    function = models.TextField(
        max_length=4,
        choices=Function.choices,
        default=Function.TPST,
        blank=True,
        null=True,
    )

serizlizers.py

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ...
    role = RoleSerializer()
    function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True)

     class Meta:
        model = models.Operator
        fields = ["id", "username", "password", "email", "is_active", "fio", "position", "phone", "role", "function",
                  "created", "updated"]


class FunctionsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    def to_representation(self, instance):
        return instance.function

    class Meta:
        model = models.FunctionRole
        fields = ("function",)


class FunctionsCreateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    function = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.Function)


    class Meta:
        model = models.FunctionRole
        fields = ("function",)
        validators = []


class RoleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    functions = FunctionsSerializer(many=True, read_only=True, source='function', required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = models.OperatorRole
        fields = ("role", "functions",)

視圖.py

class UserList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Operator.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.UserSerializer
    permission_classes = ADMIN_PERMISSIONS
    filter_backends = DEFAULT_FILTERS
    filter_class = UserFilter
    search_fields = ["user__username", "user__email", "fio", "position",
                     "phone", "role__role", "role__function__function"]

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = serializers.UserSerializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_create(serializer)
        headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

問題在于：您UserSerializer在UserList視圖中使用。但是在該序列化程式中，您有這一行 : function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True)。正如您猜測的那樣，默認情況下它是必需的。如果您想將該function欄位設為可選，則：

1. function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, required=False)

2. function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True)從 中洗掉該行UserSerializer并function從Meta 欄位中洗掉該欄位。

標籤：Python 姜戈 Django 休息框架

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