使用selenium抓取表格，但表格的結構很亂

我的目標是從臨床試驗中提取資料。在每個頁面上都有一個表，我嘗試從每個頁面中提取資料表，然后將所有表連接成一個。我的代碼有效，但有兩個問題，第一個是有時（取決于鏈接）資料表的結構不正確，如下所示

    Row Saved   Status      Study Title   Conditions Interventions  Locations
0   1   NaN     Completed   Pilot Survey  Arbovirus  NaN            NaN
1   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   Locations: Tropical Medicine centerKaohsiung c...   NaN

如您所見，第二行的位置列重復了多次..

這是我的代碼：

import time
import selenium 
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
import html5lib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pandas as pd 
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

ser = Service("/xxxxxxx/chromedriver") # change it to where your chromedriver is 
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=options)

#url =  "https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Abruptio Placentae"

url = "https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond="46, XX Disorders of Sex Development""
driver.get(url)

#select = Select(driver.find_element_by_name('theDataTable_length'))
#select.select_by_value('100')
time.sleep(1)

html = driver.page_source
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

list_table = []
#df_tables = pd.read_html(str(soup), flavor="bs4")
df_tables = pd.read_html(str(soup))[1]
list_table.append(df_tables)

xp_next = '//*[@id="theDataTable_next"]/span'

while True:
    try:
        WebDriverWait(driver, 2).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[class='paginate_button next']")))
        driver.find_element_by_xpath(xp_next).click()
        html = driver.page_source
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
        df_tables = pd.read_html(str(soup))[1]
        #display(df_tables)
        list_table.append(df_tables)
        print("Navigating to Next Page")
        time.sleep(1)
    except (TimeoutException, WebDriverException) as e:
        print("Last page reached")
        break
        
driver.quit()

df = pd.concat(list_table)
df

我在想問題可能出在 read_html 上嗎？

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

我認為直接處理資料可能會更容易。那么就不需要使用硒了。只需要決議一些html：

import pandas as pd
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/rpc/mi0yqBc9u64Wpg4BvnGkBnjPewc9S6hHSwS3Z6p3C61JJPhHc67aZwhLzdUVp'
payload = '''draw=3&columns[0][data]=0&columns[0][name]=&columns[0][searchable]=true&columns[0][orderable]=false&columns[0][search][value]=&columns[0][search][regex]=false&columns[1][data]=1&columns[1][name]=&columns[1][searchable]=false&columns[1][orderable]=false&columns[1][search][value]=&columns[1][search][regex]=false&columns[2][data]=2&columns[2][name]=&columns[2][searchable]=true&columns[2][orderable]=false&columns[2][search][value]=&columns[2][search][regex]=false&columns[3][data]=3&columns[3][name]=&columns[3][searchable]=true&columns[3][orderable]=false&columns[3][search][value]=&columns[3][search][regex]=false&columns[4][data]=4&columns[4][name]=&columns[4][searchable]=true&columns[4][orderable]=false&columns[4][search][value]=&columns[4][search][regex]=false&columns[5][data]=5&columns[5][name]=&columns[5][searchable]=true&columns[5][orderable]=false&columns[5][search][value]=&columns[5][search][regex]=false&columns[6][data]=6&columns[6][name]=&columns[6][searchable]=true&columns[6][orderable]=false&columns[6][search][value]=&columns[6][search][regex]=false&columns[7][data]=7&columns[7][name]=&columns[7][searchable]=true&columns[7][orderable]=false&columns[7][search][value]=&columns[7][search][regex]=false&columns[8][data]=8&columns[8][name]=&columns[8][searchable]=true&columns[8][orderable]=false&columns[8][search][value]=&columns[8][search][regex]=false&columns[9][data]=9&columns[9][name]=&columns[9][searchable]=true&columns[9][orderable]=false&columns[9][search][value]=&columns[9][search][regex]=false&columns[10][data]=10&columns[10][name]=&columns[10][searchable]=true&columns[10][orderable]=false&columns[10][search][value]=&columns[10][search][regex]=false&columns[11][data]=11&columns[11][name]=&columns[11][searchable]=true&columns[11][orderable]=false&columns[11][search][value]=&columns[11][search][regex]=false&columns[12][data]=12&columns[12][name]=&columns[12][searchable]=true&columns[12][orderable]=false&columns[12][search][value]=&columns[12][search][regex]=false&columns[13][data]=13&columns[13][name]=&columns[13][searchable]=true&columns[13][orderable]=false&columns[13][search][value]=&columns[13][search][regex]=false&columns[14][data]=14&columns[14][name]=&columns[14][searchable]=true&columns[14][orderable]=false&columns[14][search][value]=&columns[14][search][regex]=false&columns[15][data]=15&columns[15][name]=&columns[15][searchable]=true&columns[15][orderable]=false&columns[15][search][value]=&columns[15][search][regex]=false&columns[16][data]=16&columns[16][name]=&columns[16][searchable]=true&columns[16][orderable]=false&columns[16][search][value]=&columns[16][search][regex]=false&columns[17][data]=17&columns[17][name]=&columns[17][searchable]=true&columns[17][orderable]=false&columns[17][search][value]=&columns[17][search][regex]=false&columns[18][data]=18&columns[18][name]=&columns[18][searchable]=true&columns[18][orderable]=false&columns[18][search][value]=&columns[18][search][regex]=false&columns[19][data]=19&columns[19][name]=&columns[19][searchable]=true&columns[19][orderable]=false&columns[19][search][value]=&columns[19][search][regex]=false&columns[20][data]=20&columns[20][name]=&columns[20][searchable]=true&columns[20][orderable]=false&columns[20][search][value]=&columns[20][search][regex]=false&columns[21][data]=21&columns[21][name]=&columns[21][searchable]=true&columns[21][orderable]=false&columns[21][search][value]=&columns[21][search][regex]=false&columns[22][data]=22&columns[22][name]=&columns[22][searchable]=true&columns[22][orderable]=false&columns[22][search][value]=&columns[22][search][regex]=false&columns[23][data]=23&columns[23][name]=&columns[23][searchable]=true&columns[23][orderable]=false&columns[23][search][value]=&columns[23][search][regex]=false&columns[24][data]=24&columns[24][name]=&columns[24][searchable]=true&columns[24][orderable]=false&columns[24][search][value]=&columns[24][search][regex]=false&columns[25][data]=25&columns[25][name]=&columns[25][searchable]=true&columns[25][orderable]=false&columns[25][search][value]=&columns[25][search][regex]=false&start=0&length=100&search[value]=&search[regex]=false'''
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.93 Safari/537.36'}

jsonData = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=headers).json()
df = pd.DataFrame(jsonData['data'])

for col in df.columns:
    df[col] = df[col].apply(lambda row: BeautifulSoup(row, 'html.parser').text.strip())

**輸出：

print(df.head(5).to_string())
  0            1                   2                                                                                                                                                                3                                                               4                                                                                          5               6               7                                                                                8      9                                                                                                               10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    11   12      13                                           14           15            16      17                 18                 19                20                  21                 22 23                                                                                         24 25
0  1  NCT03689842          Recruiting  Feasibility Study of Uterine Transplantation From Living Donors in Terms of Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH)                         Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome                                                         Procedure: Uterine transplantation  Interventional  Not Applicable                                                                     Hopital Foch  Other  Allocation: N/AIntervention Model: Single Group AssignmentMasking: None (Open Label)Primary Purpose: Treatment                                                                                                                                                 PregnancySafety assessment of the donor, the recipient and the f?tusPsychological assessment of the donor and the recipientGraft Rejection assessment   20  Female  18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)  NCT03689842       2016/26          December 14, 2017  December 14, 2024      June 1, 2025  September 28, 2018    August 14, 2019                                                                  Hopital FochSuresnes, France   
1  2  NCT02967822          Recruiting                                                                                               Molecular Genetic Study of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome                         Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome  Genetic: Biological samples for patientsGenetic: Biological samples for healthy relatives   Observational                  Imagine InstituteReference center for rare diseases (Rare Gynecologic Diseases)  Other                                                        Observational Model: CohortTime Perspective: Prospective                                                                                                                                                                                           Number of identified nucleotidic variation(s) whose consequences can explain the phenotype of MRKH syndrome  410     All                    Child, Adult, Older Adult  NCT02967822  IMNIS2015-06    MRKH           May 2016           May 2031          May 2031   November 18, 2016   October 12, 2018     Necker - Enfants malades hospitalParis, FranceInstitut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France   
2  3  NCT03252795          Recruiting                                                                                                                  Uterus Transplantation From a Multi-organ Donor      Infertility, FemaleMayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome                                                          Procedure: uterus transplantation  Interventional  Not Applicable                                                       University Hospital, Ghent  Other  Allocation: N/AIntervention Model: Single Group AssignmentMasking: None (Open Label)Primary Purpose: Treatment                                                                                                                                                                Survival of the uterus 1 year after transplantationComplications after uterus transplantationOngoing pregnancy rateTake home baby rate   20  Female               18 Years to 38 Years   (Adult)  NCT03252795  EC/2016/0731           November 3, 2016      December 2021     December 2023     August 17, 2017  November 13, 2019                                      Ghent University Hospital - Women's ClinicGhent, Belgium   
3  4  NCT03188640           Completed                                                                                                                 Bariatric Surgery, Hormones, and Quality of Life       ObesityHormone DisturbanceQuality of LifeHyperandrogenism                                             Procedure: Laparoscopic gastric-bypass surgery  Interventional  Not Applicable                                                            Linkoeping University  Other  Allocation: N/AIntervention Model: Single Group AssignmentMasking: None (Open Label)Primary Purpose: Treatment                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sex-hormone levelsFemale sexual functionHormone-related quality of life(and 2 more...)   68  Female               18 Years to 50 Years   (Adult)  NCT03188640   2012/392-31   OBLIV      March 1, 2014   October 31, 2016  October 31, 2016       June 15, 2017      June 16, 2017                                                                                                 
4  5  NCT04912648  Not yet recruiting                                                                                        FEmale Metabolic Risk and Androgens: an Irish Longitudinal (FEMAIL) Study  HyperandrogenismMetabolic DiseaseSex Hormones Adverse Reaction                                                              Other: Longitudinal follow up   Observational                                                               Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland  Other                                                        Observational Model: CohortTime Perspective: Prospective  Correlation of sex hormone profiles and the metabolome of women across the lifespan with risk of metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and quality of life.Development of risk prediction models for development of diabetes in womenEstablishment of the longitudinal FEMAIL study database  500  Female    18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)  NCT04912648         20/49  FEMAIL  September 1, 2021  September 1, 2025   August 31, 2031        June 3, 2021       June 3, 2021                                           Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin, Ireland 

[58 rows x 26 columns]    

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

怎么了？

問題是在無頭模式下結合您的引數引起的 - 表結構在回應模式下交換，某些列更改為行。

怎么修？

您必須設定options更嚴格并可以強制 webdriver 使用特定的window-sizewhilestart-maximized

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
options.add_argument("--headless")

例子

import selenium, html5lib, time
import pandas as pd 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

ser = Service("#####################") # change it to where your chromedriver is 
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=options)


url = "https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond="46, XX Disorders of Sex Development""
driver.get(url)

list_table = []

while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    html = driver.page_source
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
    list_table.append(pd.read_html(html)[1])
    print("Navigating to Next Page")

    try:
        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[class='paginate_button next'] span"))).click()
    except (TimeoutException, WebDriverException) as e:
        print("Last page reached")
        break

driver.quit()

df = pd.concat(list_table)
df

輸出

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