已知圓的坐標方程為:
X=R*SIN(θ)
Y=R*COS(θ) (0≤θ≤2π)
給定初始坐標位置(X,Y),按照圓的坐標方程,從角度angle = 0開始,每間隔angleSpeed = 0.2求得一個坐標值(x,y),將這個坐標值作為偏移變化量,分別加到初始坐標位置上,即在(X+x,Y+y)處填充字母“A”,填充15個字母后,清除畫布,重新從初始坐標位置開始影片程序,
撰寫如下的HTML代碼,
<html>
<head>
<title>旋轉的字母(一)</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="600" style="border:3px double #996633;background:black;"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var w2 = Math.floor(canvas.width/ 2);
var h2 = Math.floor(canvas.height/ 2);
var pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
ctx.font = "36px Impact";
ctx.translate(w2, h2);
var char = "A";
var x =0;
var y =0;
var radius = 30;
var angle = 0;
var angleSpeed = 0.2;
var color='rgba(0,255,255,0.9)';
var age = 0;
function animate()
{
ctx.fillStyle=color;
ctx.fillText(char, x, y);
x += Math.cos(angle) * radius;
y += Math.sin(angle) * radius;
angle += angleSpeed;
age++;
if (age >= 15)
{
ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width,-canvas.height,2*canvas.width,2*canvas.height);
x = 0;
y = 0;
angle = 0;
age=0;
}
}
setInterval('animate()',100);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在瀏覽器中打開包含這段HTML代碼的html檔案,可以看到在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖1所示的影片效果,
圖1 angleSpeed = 0.2的字母運動效果
若將上面程式中的陳述句“var angleSpeed = 0.2;”改寫為“var angleSpeed = 0.45;”,其余部分保持不變,則在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖2所示的影片效果,

圖2 angleSpeed = 0.45的字母運動效果
由圖1和圖2看出,輸出的字母“A”看起來沿著一個圓周線,但字母均是朝向正上方,能否讓字母朝著圓周線的方向呢?這需要在輸出字母的時候適當旋轉坐標,將程式中的陳述句
ctx.fillText(char, x, y);
改寫為:
ctx.translate(x, y);
ctx.rotate(angle + pi2 / 4);
ctx.fillText(char, -13,10);
ctx.rotate(-angle-pi2 / 4);
ctx.translate(-x, -y);
其余部分保持不變,則在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖3所示的影片效果,

圖3 沿著圓周線運動的字母
由圖3看出,字母“A”的運動軌跡是確定的,若在角度angle的變化中加入隨機因素會怎樣呢?撰寫如下的HTML檔案,
<html>
<head>
<title>旋轉的字母(二)</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="600" style="border:3px double #996633;background:black;"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var w2 = Math.floor(canvas.width/ 2);
var h2 = Math.floor(canvas.height/ 2);
var pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
ctx.font = "36px Impact";
ctx.translate(w2, h2);
var char = "A";
var x =0;
var y =0;
var radius = 30;
var angle = pi2*0.05;
var angleSpeed = 0.2;
var color='rgba(0,255,255,0.9)';
var age = 0;
function animate()
{
ctx.fillStyle=color;
ctx.translate(x, y);
ctx.rotate(angle + pi2 / 4);
ctx.fillText(char, -13, 10);
ctx.rotate(-angle-pi2 / 4);
ctx.translate(-x, -y);
x += Math.cos(angle) * radius;
y += Math.sin(angle) * radius;
angle += angleSpeed;
age++;
if (Math.random() > 0.75) // 加入隨機變化
{
angleSpeed *= -1;
}
if (age >= 15)
{
ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width,-canvas.height,2*canvas.width,2*canvas.height);
x = 0;
y = 0;
angle = pi2*0.05;
angleSpeed = 0.2;
age=0;
}
}
setInterval('animate()',100);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在瀏覽器中打開包含這段HTML代碼的html檔案,可以看到在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖4所示的影片效果,此時字母的運動軌跡就隨機變化著了,
圖4 有著隨機變化的沿著圓周線運動的字母
進一步我們考慮,能否將圖4的字母軌跡按一個圓周相似地繪制5條呢?采用一個回圈加上適當的坐標旋轉即可,撰寫如下的HTML檔案,
<html>
<head>
<title>旋轉的字母(三)</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="600" style="border:3px double #996633;background:black;"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var w2 = Math.floor(canvas.width/ 2);
var h2 = Math.floor(canvas.height/ 2);
var pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
ctx.font = "36px Impact";
ctx.translate(w2, h2);
var char = "A";
var x =30;
var y =30;
var radius = 30;
var angle = pi2*0.05;
var angleSpeed = 0.2;
color='rgba(0,255,255,0.9)';
age = 0;
symmetry =5;
function animate()
{
for (i = 0;i<symmetry; i++)
{
ctx.fillStyle=color;
ctx.translate(x, y);
ctx.rotate(angle + pi2 / 4);
ctx.fillText(char, -13, 10);
ctx.rotate(-angle-pi2 / 4);
ctx.translate(-x, -y);
ctx.rotate(pi2 / symmetry);
}
x += Math.cos(angle) * radius;
y += Math.sin(angle) * radius;
angle += angleSpeed;
age++;
if (Math.random() > 0.75)
{
angleSpeed *= -1;
}
if (age >= 15)
{
ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width,-canvas.height,2*canvas.width,2*canvas.height);
x = 30;
y = 30;
angle = pi2*0.05;
angleSpeed = 0.2;
age=0;
}
}
setInterval('animate()',100);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在瀏覽器中打開包含這段HTML代碼的html檔案,可以看到在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖5所示的影片效果,
圖5 字母“A”的5條相似運動軌跡
更進一步,我們將上面程式中的初始坐標位置(x,y)、初始角度angle、角度變化量angleSpeed、字母填充顏色color和相似軌跡條數symmetry均采用亂數的方式確定初值,例如:
x = rand(-w2/2,w2/2);
y = rand(-h2/2,h2/2);
angle = Math.random() * pi2;
angleSpeed = Math.random() * 1 - 0.5;
color='rgba('+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+',0.9)';
symmetry =rand(3,10);
撰寫如下的HTML代碼,
<html>
<head>
<title>旋轉的字母(四)</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="600" style="border:3px double #996633;background:black;"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var w2 = Math.floor(canvas.width/ 2);
var h2 = Math.floor(canvas.height/ 2);
var pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
ctx.font = "36px Impact";
ctx.translate(w2, h2);
function rand(min,max)
{
return Math.floor(Math.random()*(max-min)+min)
}
var char = "A";
var x,y,radius,angle,angleSpeed,color,age,symmetry;
function reset()
{
x = rand(-w2/2,w2/2);
y = rand(-h2/2,h2/2);
radius = 30;
angle = Math.random() * pi2;
angleSpeed = Math.random() * 1 - 0.5;
color='rgba('+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+',0.9)';
age = 0;
symmetry =rand(3,10);
}
reset();
function animate()
{
for (i = 0;i<symmetry; i++)
{
ctx.fillStyle=color;
ctx.translate(x, y);
ctx.rotate(angle + pi2 / 4);
ctx.fillText(char, -13, 10);
ctx.rotate(-angle-pi2 / 4);
ctx.translate(-x, -y);
ctx.rotate(pi2 / symmetry);
}
x += Math.cos(angle) * radius;
y += Math.sin(angle) * radius;
angle += angleSpeed;
age++;
if (Math.random() > 0.75)
{
angleSpeed *= -1;
}
if (age >= 18)
{
ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width,-canvas.height,2*canvas.width,2*canvas.height);
reset();
}
}
setInterval('animate()',50);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在瀏覽器中打開包含這段HTML代碼的html檔案,可以看到在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖6所示的影片效果,

圖6 字母“A”的隨機運動
最后,我們在圖6的基礎上考慮,能否搞多個字母有周期地組合進行運動,以此得到字母的運動特效呢?撰寫如下的HTML檔案,
<html>
<head>
<title>旋轉的字母(五)</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="600" style="border:3px double #996633;background:black;"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var w2 = Math.floor(canvas.width/ 2);
var h2 = Math.floor(canvas.height/ 2);
var pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
ctx.font = "36px Impact";
ctx.translate(w2, h2);
var srcChar =["A","B","C","D","E","F"];
var particles = [];
var eIndex = 0;
var rCnt=0;
function rand(min,max)
{
return Math.floor(Math.random()*(max-min)+min)
}
function resetPart(part)
{
part.char = srcChar[eIndex++];
if (eIndex>=srcChar.length)
{
eIndex=0;
}
part.x = rand(-w2/2,w2/2);
part.y = rand(-h2/2,h2/2);
part.radius = 30;
part.angle = Math.random() * pi2;
part.angleSpeed = Math.random() * 1 - 0.5;
part.color='rgba('+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+','+rand(0,255)+',0.9)';
part.age = 0;
part.symmetry =rand(3,10);
}
var count=2;
for (var i=0;i<count;i++)
{
var part;
part = {};
resetPart(part);
rCnt++;
particles.push(part);
}
function animate()
{
for (i =0;i<particles.length; i++)
{
part = particles[i];
for (j = 0;j<part.symmetry; j++)
{
ctx.fillStyle=part.color;
ctx.translate(part.x, part.y);
ctx.rotate(part.angle + pi2 / 4);
ctx.fillText(part.char, -13, 10);
ctx.rotate(-part.angle-pi2 / 4);
ctx.translate(-part.x, -part.y);
ctx.rotate(pi2 / part.symmetry);
}
part.x += Math.cos(part.angle) * part.radius;
part.y += Math.sin(part.angle) * part.radius;
part.angle += part.angleSpeed;
part.age++;
if (Math.random() > 0.75)
{
part.angleSpeed *= -1;
}
if (part.age >= 18)
{
resetPart(part);
rCnt++;
if (rCnt==6)
{
rCnt=0;
ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width,-canvas.height,2*canvas.width,2*canvas.height);
}
}
}
}
setInterval('animate()',50);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在瀏覽器中打開包含這段HTML代碼的html檔案,可以看到在瀏覽器視窗中呈現出如圖7所示的影片效果,

圖7 字母的運動特效
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標籤:JavaScript
