我是 java 新手。我正在使用 apache netbeans 12.2 版本創建新專案，java 版本是 17 。我按照使用 maven 創建 java web 應用程式的步驟進行了操作，但是當我構建它并嘗試運行它時，我在控制臺視窗中遇到了以下錯誤。
無法在專案 JavaProject 上執行目標 org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3:war (default-war)：執行目標 org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin 的默認戰爭： 2.3:war failed: 由于 API 不兼容，無法在插件 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3' 中加載 mojo 'war'：org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.exception .ComponentLookupException: 空
我在 pom.xml 檔案中檢查了所需的依賴項已經存在，但為什么它無法運行？。
這是 Pom.xml 代碼。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
<artifactId>JavaProject</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>JavaProject-1.0-SNAPSHOT</name>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<endorsed.dir>${project.build.directory}/endorsed</endorsed.dir>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
<jakartaee>8.0</jakartaee>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>${jakartaee}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<compilerArguments>
<endorseddirs>${endorsed.dir}</endorseddirs>
</compilerArguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>validate</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${endorsed.dir}</outputDirectory>
<silent>true</silent>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>${jakartaee}</version>
<type>jar</type>
</artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
這是帶有錯誤訊息的整個控制臺。
Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3:war (default-war) on project JavaProject: Execution default-war of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3:war failed: Unable to load the mojo 'war' in the plugin 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3' due to an API incompatibility: org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.exception.ComponentLookupException: null
-----------------------------------------------------
realm = plugin>org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3
strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
urls[0] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-war-plugin/2.3/maven-war-plugin-2.3.jar
urls[1] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-api/2.0.6/maven-reporting-api-2.0.6.jar
urls[2] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-sink-api/1.0-alpha-7/doxia-sink-api-1.0-alpha-7.jar
urls[3] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/commons-cli/commons-cli/1.0/commons-cli-1.0.jar
urls[4] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interactivity-api/1.0-alpha-4/plexus-interactivity-api-1.0-alpha-4.jar
urls[5] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/maven-archiver/2.5/maven-archiver-2.5.jar
urls[6] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-io/2.0.5/plexus-io-2.0.5.jar
urls[7] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-archiver/2.2/plexus-archiver-2.2.jar
urls[8] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.15/plexus-interpolation-1.15.jar
urls[9] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/junit/junit/3.8.1/junit-3.8.1.jar
urls[10] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.jar
urls[11] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar
urls[12] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/xpp3/xpp3_min/1.1.4c/xpp3_min-1.1.4c.jar
urls[13] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.8/plexus-utils-3.0.8.jar
urls[14] = file:/Users/mohammadhossan/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-filtering/1.0-beta-2/maven-filtering-1.0-beta-2.jar
Number of foreign imports: 1
import: Entry[import from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
-----------------------------------------------------
: ExceptionInInitializerError: Unable to make field private final java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.util" to unnamed module @73bb1337
-> [Help 1]
To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginContainerException
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
您的 Java 版本與您的 NetBeans 版本不兼容，因為 NetBeans 12.2 不支持使用 JDK 17。從 NetBeans 12.2 發行說明下載 Apache NetBeans 12.2：
Apache NetBeans 12.2 在 JDK LTS 版本 8 和 11 以及 JDK 15（即此 NetBeans 版本發布時的當前 JDK 版本）上運行。
通常，在更改 NetBeans 和/或 Java 版本時，請確保版本兼容。這始終記錄在 NetBeans 發行說明中。
您有兩種選擇來解決這個問題：
- 升級到支持 Java 17 的 NetBeans 12.6。
- 繼續使用 NetBeans 12.2，但降級到 Java 15 或更低版本。也就是說，將 JDK 15（或更低版本）設為 NetBeans 12.2 的默認平臺。
當然，您的專案可能還有其他問題，但在解決此問題之前，不必擔心這些問題。
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