如何在python中解決超出范圍的問題

我正在嘗試構建 4 排游戲，所以當我嘗試讓玩家有相同的選擇時，它會出現此錯誤

串列索引超出范圍

這是在此處輸入影像描述的示例

似乎是獲勝條件的問題，但我不明白為什么會發生這種情況，當輸入正確時它會給出正確的答案，比如讓一個玩家獲勝，但是當他們有相同的選擇時，它就會中斷。

代碼是

Width = 4
Height = 4

game_board = []
for x in range(Width): game_board.append(list(['a'] * Height))


def make_move(board, borad_row, board_col, piece):
    board[borad_row][board_col] = piece


# check if the slot is empty
def is_slot_empty(board, board_col):
    return board[Width - 1][board_col] == 'a'


# get the next available
def next_available_slot(board, board_col):
    for i in range(Width):
        if board[i][board_col] == 'a':
            return i


# method for winning conditions
def winning(board, piece):
    # check horizontally
    for i in range(Height):
        for j in range(Width):
            if board[j][i] == piece and board[j][i   1] == piece and board[j][i   2] == piece and board[j][
                i   3] == piece:
                return True
    # check vertically
    for i in range(Height):
        for j in range(Width):
            if board[j][i] == piece and board[j   1][i] == piece and board[j   2][i] == piece and board[j   3][
                i] == piece:
                return True
    # positive diagonal
    for i in range(Height):
        for j in range(Width):
            if board[j][i] == piece and board[j   1][i   1] == piece and board[j   2][i   2] == piece and board[j   3][
                i   3] == piece:
                return True

    # negative diagonal
    for i in range(Height):
        for j in range(Width):
            if board[j][i] == piece and board[j - 1][i   1] == piece and board[j - 2][i   2] == piece and board[j - 3][
                i   3] == piece:
                return True


game_end = False
turn_1 = 0

while not game_end:
    if turn_1 == 0:
        user_input = int(input("player_1:"))

        if is_slot_empty(game_board, user_input):
            user_input_row = next_available_slot(game_board, user_input)
            make_move(game_board, user_input_row, user_input, 'X')

            if winning(game_board, 'X'):
                print("player 1 wins")
                game_end = True

    else:
        user_input: int = int(input("player_2:"))
        if is_slot_empty(game_board, user_input):
            user_input_row = next_available_slot(game_board, user_input)
            make_move(game_board, user_input_row, user_input, 'Z')
            if winning(game_board, 'Z'):
                print("player_2 wins")
                game_end = True

    for row in reversed(game_board):
        print(row)

    # alternating between 2 users
    turn_1  = 1
    turn_1 = turn_1 % 2

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

要修復winning()，請嘗試以下操作：

        def winning(board, piece):
            # check horizontally
            for i in range(Height):
                if all(board[j][i] == piece for j in range(Width)):
                    return True
            # check vertically
            for j in range(Width):
                if all(board[j][i] == piece for i in range(Height)):
                    return True
            # positive diagonal
            if all(board[i][i] == piece for i in range(Width)):
                return True
            # negative diagonal
            if all(board[i][-(i 1)] == piece for i in range(Width)):
                return True

這僅設計用于處理 和 具有相等值的電路Height板Width。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

當您進行檢查時，請確保僅檢查板內的索引。

例如，對于水平檢查，左端（i）和右端（i 3）都需要在0..Width-1范圍內。因此，您應該限制i索引的值，使其i 3仍小于Width：

...
    # check horizontally
    for i in range(Width - 3):
        for j in range(Height):
            if board[j][i] == piece and board[j][i   1] == piece and board[j][i   2] == piece and board[j][i   3] == piece:
                return True
...

標籤：Python python-3.x

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