Python爬蟲 帶你一鍵爬取王者榮耀英雄皮膚壁紙

一、前言

王者榮耀這款手游，想必大家都玩過或聽過，游戲里英雄有各式各樣的皮膚，制作得很精美，有些拿來做電腦壁紙它不香嗎，本文帶你利用Python爬蟲一鍵下載王者榮耀英雄皮膚壁紙，

1. 目標

創建一個檔案夾， 里面又有按英雄名稱分的子檔案夾保存該英雄的所有皮膚圖片

URL：https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herolist.shtml

2. 環境

運行環境：Pycharm、Python3.7

需要的庫

import requests
import os
import json
from lxml import etree
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import logging

二、分析網頁

首先打開王者榮耀官網，點擊英雄資料進去，

進入新的頁面后，任意選擇一個英雄，檢查網頁，

多選擇幾個英雄檢查網頁，可以發現各個英雄頁面的URL規律

https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/152.shtml
https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/150.shtml
https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/167.shtml

發現只有末尾的數字在變化，末尾的數字可以認為是該英雄的頁面標識，

點擊Network，Crtl + R 重繪，可以找到一個 herolist.json 檔案，

發現是亂碼，但問題不大，雙擊這個 json 檔案，將它下載下來觀察，用編輯器打開可以看到，

ename是英雄網址頁面的標識；而 cname 是對應英雄的名稱；skin_name為對應皮膚的名稱，

任選一個英雄頁面進去，檢查該英雄下面所有皮膚，觀察url變化規律，

url變化規律如下：
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-1.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-2.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-3.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-4.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-5.jpg

復制圖片鏈接到瀏覽器打開，可以看到高清大圖，

觀察到同一個英雄的皮膚圖片 url 末尾 -{x}.jpg 從 1 開始依次遞增，再來看看不同英雄的皮膚圖片 url 是如何構造的，會發現， ename這個英雄的標識不一樣，獲取到的圖片就不一樣，由 ename 引數決定，

https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-1.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/150/150-bigskin-1.jpg
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/153/153-bigskin-1.jpg
# 可構造圖片請求鏈接如下
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/{ename}/{ename}-bigskin-{x}.jpg

三、爬蟲代碼實作

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@File    ：王者榮耀英雄皮膚壁紙.py
@Author  ：葉庭云
@Date    ：2020/10/2 11:40
@CSDN    ：https://blog.csdn.net/fyfugoyfa
"""
import requests
import os
import json
from lxml import etree
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import logging

# 日志輸出的基本配置
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')


class glory_of_king(object):
    def __init__(self):
        if not os.path.exists("./王者榮耀皮膚"):
            os.mkdir("王者榮耀皮膚")
        # 利用fake_useragent產生隨機UserAgent  防止被反爬
        ua = UserAgent(verify_ssl=False, path='fake_useragent.json')
        for i in range(1, 50):
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': ua.random
            }

    def scrape_skin(self):
        # 發送請求   獲取回應
        response = requests.get('https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/js/herolist.json', headers=self.headers)
        # str轉為json
        data = json.loads(response.text)
        # for回圈遍歷data獲取需要的欄位  創建對應英雄名稱的檔案夾
        for i in data:
            hero_number = i['ename']    # 獲取英雄名字編號
            hero_name = i['cname']      # 獲取英雄名字
            os.mkdir("./王者榮耀皮膚/{}".format(hero_name))  # 創建英雄名稱對應的檔案夾
            response_src = requests.get("https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/{}.shtml".format(hero_number),
                                        headers=self.headers)
            hero_content = response_src.content.decode('gbk')  # 回傳相應的html頁面 解碼為gbk
            # xpath決議物件  提取每個英雄的皮膚名字
            hero_data = etree.HTML(hero_content)
            hero_img = hero_data.xpath('//div[@class="pic-pf"]/ul/@data-imgname')
            # 去掉每個皮膚名字中間的分隔符
            hero_src = hero_img[0].split('|')
            logging.info(hero_src)
            # 遍歷英雄src處理圖片名稱，
            for j in range(len(hero_src)):
                # 去掉皮膚名字的&符號
                index_ = hero_src[j].find("&")
                skin_name = hero_src[j][:index_]
                # 請求下載圖片
                response_skin = requests.get(
                    "https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/skin/hero-info/{}/{}-bigskin-{}.jpg".format(
                        hero_number, hero_number, j + 1))
                # 獲取圖片二進制資料        
                skin_img = response_skin.content  
                # 把皮膚圖片保存到對應名字的檔案里
                with open("./王者榮耀皮膚/{}/{}.jpg".format(hero_name, skin_name), "wb")as f:
                    f.write(skin_img)
                    logging.info(f"{skin_name}.jpg 下載成功！！")

    def run(self):
        self.scrape_skin()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider = glory_of_king()
    spider.run()

運行效果如下：

程式運行一段時間，英雄皮膚壁紙就都保存在本地檔案夾啦，結果如下：

四、其他說明

• 不建議抓取太多資料，容易對服務器造成負載，淺嘗輒止即可，
• 通過本文爬蟲，可以幫助你了解 json 資料的決議和提取需要的資料，如何通過字串的拼接來構造URL請求，
• 本文利用 Python 爬蟲一鍵下載王者榮耀英雄皮膚壁紙，實作程序中也會遇到一些問題，多思考和除錯，最終解決問題，也能理解得更深刻，
• 代碼可直接復制運行，如果覺得還不錯，記得給個贊哦，也是對作者最大的鼓勵，不足之處可以在評論區多多指正，

解決報錯：fake_useragent.errors.FakeUserAgentError: Maximum amount of retries reached

# 報錯如下
Error occurred during loading data. Trying to use cache server https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1318, in do_open
    encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1026, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 964, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1392, in connect
    super().connect()
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 936, in connect
    (self.host,self.port), self.timeout, self.source_address)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/socket.py", line 724, in create_connection
    raise err
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/socket.py", line 713, in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
socket.timeout: timed out
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 67, in get
    context=context,
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 223, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 526, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 544, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1361, in https_open
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1320, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error timed out>
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 154, in load
    for item in get_browsers(verify_ssl=verify_ssl):
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 97, in get_browsers
    html = get(settings.BROWSERS_STATS_PAGE, verify_ssl=verify_ssl)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 84, in get
    raise FakeUserAgentError('Maximum amount of retries reached')
fake_useragent.errors.FakeUserAgentError: Maximum amount of retries reached

解決方法如下：

# 將https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11里內容復制 并另存為本地json檔案：fake_useragent.json
# 參考
ua = UserAgent(verify_ssl=False, path='fake_useragent.json')
print(ua.random)

運行結果如下：
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1500.55 Safari/537.36