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Consensus Mechanism of Wisdom Chain Document Knowledge Base
This article comes from the official Twitter of Wisdom Chain
URL：
https://twitter.com/Wisdom_Chain/status/1297773797362335745?s=20
At present, there is a consensus mechanism in the global public chain infrastructure. It stipulates how to compete between the nodes. The most popular consensus mechanism at this stage is OW, POS, DPOS, PBFT and DBFT. Its speed, safety and centralization degree have different emphasis. However, some public chains choose to use the hybrid consensus mechanism, such as ZIL adopts the POW+PBFT's mixed consensus mechanism, Wisdom Chain adopts the DPOS+Pow's mixed consensus mechanism, and what is the advantage of adopting the hybrid consensus mechanism?
First of all, the early Bitcoin and Ethereum adopted a single consensus mechanism, which resulted in their slow running speed and being unable to be used in the commercial environment. Although EOS uses the consensus mechanism of DPOS, all transactions are recorded by the super node on the chain, which has greatly improved the efficiency, but it has lost another major feature of the blockchain - the security brought by decentralization 。
Therefore, the public chain with a single consensus mechanism is doomed to not have both efficiency, security and decentralization.
Advantages of hybrid mechanism
The biggest advantage of hybrid mechanism is that it can learn from each other's strengths. Hybrid consensus means that two or more consensus mechanisms are applied to the underlying architecture of the same blockchain public chain. Reasonable use of mixed consensus can make up for the defects of low efficiency, loss of security protection or sacrifice of centralization degree caused by single consensus mechanism.
Wisdom Chain's ideas in this regard are quite creative. It adopts the hybrid mechanism of DPOS+POW, and the two accounts run simultaneously to make up for the disadvantage of any single consensus mechanism. DPOS mechanism has high efficiency. It is responsible for selecting legal transactions from the transaction storage pool, packaging them into blocks, and then broadcasting them to the network through P2P protocol. The implied POW requires miners to complete a certain amount of work proof to prevent the main chain from branching. At the same time, the elimination mechanism is established. If the nodes make false accounts or biased records within 30 seconds, they will be eliminated. As a result, speed, security and decentralization are taken into account.
Of course, there are still some problems to be solved in the hybrid consensus mechanism, but any technology is not achieved overnight, and it is impossible to have a smooth journey. However, the Wisdom Chain team made a detailed and in-depth thinking on the key technical difficulties and put forward feasible technical solutions. In the future, with the popularization of blockchain technology, the problem of hybrid consensus mechanism will surely be solved one by one.
簡體中文
本文來自Wisdom Chain官方Twitter
URL：
https://twitter.com/Wisdom_Chain/status/1297773797362335745?s=20
目前全球的公鏈底層架構都有一種共識機制，它規定節點之間如何競爭記賬，現階段最為主流的共識機制是OW、POS、DPOS、PBFT與DBFT，其速度、安全性與中心化程度各有側重。然而也有一些公鏈選擇使用混合共識機制，如ZIL采用了POW+PBFT的混合共識機制，Wisdom Chain采用了DPOS+Pow的混合共識機制，那采用混合共識機制的好處是什么呢？
首先，早期的位元幣、以太坊都采用了單一的共識機制，導致了它們運行速度慢，無法運用到商業環境中，雖然EOS使用了DPOS的共識機制，所有的交易都由節點交由超級節點記錄在鏈上，在效率上有著很大的提升，但喪失了區塊鏈的另一大特性——去中心化帶來的安全性。
因此采用單一的共識機制的公鏈注定在效率、安全、去中心化程度不可兼得。
混合機制的優勢
采用混合機制最大的優勢就是可以各取所長，混合共識即把兩種或多種共識機制運用在同一區塊鏈公鏈的底層架構中。合理運用混合共識，可以彌補單一共識機制帶來的效率低下、失去安全防護或犧牲中心化程度的缺陷。
Wisdom Chain在這方面的思路頗具創意。其采用DPOS+POW 的混合機制，兩個賬本同時運行的方式彌補任何單一共識機制的劣勢。DPOS機制效率高，負責從事務存盤池中選擇合法交易，將其打包成塊，然后通過p2p協議將其廣播到網路，而隱含的POW則需要礦工完成一定的作業量證明，防止主鏈分叉，同時建立淘汰機制，如果節點在30秒內做假賬或有偏向性記錄的都將被淘汰。由此，速度、安全性和去中心化本質得到了兼顧。
當然混合共識機制還有些許問題需要解決，但是任何技術不是一蹴而就，也不可能一路順風，不過Wisdom Chain團隊對關鍵技術難關進行了詳盡深入的思考并提出了可行的技術方案。未來，隨著區塊鏈技術的普及，混合共識機制的問題肯定將被一一解決。
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標籤：區塊鏈技術
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