初入以太坊，學習調研智能合約——智能合約的編譯

智能合約的撰寫可以用好幾種語言，最多的還是有些類似JavaScript的Solidity，檔案擴展名是.sol，可以用solc來編譯，智能合約經過編譯之后才能在EVM上運行

ABI（Application Binary Interface，應用程式二進制介面）

solc編譯之后可得到一個JSON檔案，里面包含合約的ABI和Bytecode，ABI如下形式，有些類似API

"abi": [
{
"inputs": [],
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "constructor"
},
{
"anonymous": false,
"inputs": [
{
"indexed": true,
"internalType": "address",
"name": "oldOwner",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": true,
"internalType": "address",
"name": "newOwner",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "OwnerSet",
"type": "event"
},
{
"inputs": [
{
"internalType": "address",
"name": "newOwner",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "changeOwner",
"outputs": [],
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "function"
},
{
"inputs": [],
"name": "getOwner",
"outputs": [
{
"internalType": "address",
"name": "",
"type": "address"
}
],
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
}
]

EVM讀取的是bytecode中的“object”這個位元組碼的十六進制，

"bytecode": {
"generatedSources": [],
"linkReferences": {},
"object": "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",
"opcodes": "PUSH1 0x80 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE CALLVALUE DUP1 ISZERO PUSH2 0x10 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST POP CALLER PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP DUP2 SLOAD DUP2 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF MUL NOT AND SWAP1 DUP4 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND MUL OR SWAP1 SSTORE POP PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 SLOAD SWAP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP SWAP1 DIV PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH1 0x0 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH32 0x342827C97908E5E2F71151C08502A66D44B6F758E3AC2F1DE95F02EB95F0A735 PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 SWAP2 SUB SWAP1 LOG3 PUSH2 0x34D DUP1 PUSH2 0xDB PUSH1 0x0 CODECOPY PUSH1 0x0 RETURN INVALID PUSH1 0x80 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE CALLVALUE DUP1 ISZERO PUSH2 0x10 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST POP PUSH1 0x4 CALLDATASIZE LT PUSH2 0x36 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 CALLDATALOAD PUSH1 0xE0 SHR DUP1 PUSH4 0x893D20E8 EQ PUSH2 0x3B JUMPI DUP1 PUSH4 0xA6F9DAE1 EQ PUSH2 0x59 JUMPI JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST PUSH2 0x43 PUSH2 0x75 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD PUSH2 0x50 SWAP2 SWAP1 PUSH2 0x259 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 SWAP2 SUB SWAP1 RETURN JUMPDEST PUSH2 0x73 PUSH1 0x4 DUP1 CALLDATASIZE SUB DUP2 ADD SWAP1 PUSH2 0x6E SWAP2 SWAP1 PUSH2 0x1FE JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH2 0x9E JUMP JUMPDEST STOP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 PUSH1 0x0 SWAP1 SLOAD SWAP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP SWAP1 DIV PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND SWAP1 POP SWAP1 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 SLOAD SWAP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP SWAP1 DIV PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND CALLER PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND EQ PUSH2 0x12C JUMPI PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD PUSH32 0x8C379A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 DUP2 MSTORE PUSH1 0x4 ADD PUSH2 0x123 SWAP1 PUSH2 0x274 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 SWAP2 SUB SWAP1 REVERT JUMPDEST DUP1 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 SLOAD SWAP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP SWAP1 DIV PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND PUSH32 0x342827C97908E5E2F71151C08502A66D44B6F758E3AC2F1DE95F02EB95F0A735 PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 SWAP2 SUB SWAP1 LOG3 DUP1 PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 PUSH2 0x100 EXP DUP2 SLOAD DUP2 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF MUL NOT AND SWAP1 DUP4 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF AND MUL OR SWAP1 SSTORE POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP2 CALLDATALOAD SWAP1 POP PUSH2 0x1F8 DUP2 PUSH2 0x300 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP3 SWAP2 POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH1 0x20 DUP3 DUP5 SUB SLT ISZERO PUSH2 0x210 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH2 0x21E DUP5 DUP3 DUP6 ADD PUSH2 0x1E9 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP2 POP POP SWAP3 SWAP2 POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH2 0x230 DUP2 PUSH2 0x2A5 JUMP JUMPDEST DUP3 MSTORE POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH2 0x243 PUSH1 0x13 DUP4 PUSH2 0x294 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP2 POP PUSH2 0x24E DUP3 PUSH2 0x2D7 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x20 DUP3 ADD SWAP1 POP SWAP2 SWAP1 POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH1 0x20 DUP3 ADD SWAP1 POP PUSH2 0x26E PUSH1 0x0 DUP4 ADD DUP5 PUSH2 0x227 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP3 SWAP2 POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH1 0x20 DUP3 ADD SWAP1 POP DUP2 DUP2 SUB PUSH1 0x0 DUP4 ADD MSTORE PUSH2 0x28D DUP2 PUSH2 0x236 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP1 POP SWAP2 SWAP1 POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP3 DUP3 MSTORE PUSH1 0x20 DUP3 ADD SWAP1 POP SWAP3 SWAP2 POP POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH2 0x2B0 DUP3 PUSH2 0x2B7 JUMP JUMPDEST SWAP1 POP SWAP2 SWAP1 POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 PUSH20 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF DUP3 AND SWAP1 POP SWAP2 SWAP1 POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH32 0x43616C6C6572206973206E6F74206F776E657200000000000000000000000000 PUSH1 0x0 DUP3 ADD MSTORE POP JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH2 0x309 DUP2 PUSH2 0x2A5 JUMP JUMPDEST DUP2 EQ PUSH2 0x314 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST POP JUMP INVALID LOG2 PUSH5 0x6970667358 0x22 SLT KECCAK256 SGT 0xE9 0xB2 GAS PUSH8 0x53CF90E70B35EA84 GAS PUSH22 0x2EE0574DD373D6D0E1870B9EBB23D41BC364736F6C63 NUMBER STOP ADDMOD ADD STOP CALLER ",
"sourceMap": "121:1361:0:-:0;;;923:170;;;;;;;;;;955:10;947:5;;:18;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;1080:5;;;;;;;;;;1059:27;;1076:1;1059:27;;;;;;;;;;;;121:1361;;;;;;"
}

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