我正在嘗試使用扳手模擬器運行帶有 JPA 的基本 Spring Boot 應用程式。但是，在達到任何暴露的端點后，我在啟動后收到以下錯誤。
PERMISSION_DENIED: com.google.api.gax.rpc.PermissionDeniedException: io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException: PERMISSION_DENIED: Caller is missing IAM permission spanner.sessions.create on resource projects/test-project/instances/test-instance/databases/test-database.
專案已從https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-spanner-hibernate/tree/master/google-cloud-spanner-hibernate-samples/spring-data-jpa-sample克隆 ，這是我唯一的更改done 更新了 application.properties 檔案。根據我的理解，扳手模擬器不應該有任何與 IAM 相關的問題，因為它不需要任何問題。我不確定是什么導致了這個問題。我已經驗證模擬器配置是活動配置，因此我希望代碼連接到模擬器。
# Application configuration to use Cloud Spanner with Spring Data JPA
# Spanner connection URL.
# - ${PROJECT_ID} Replace with your GCP project ID
# - ${INSTANCE_ID} Replace with your Spanner instance ID
# - ${DATABASE_NAME} Replace with your Spanner database name within your Spanner instance
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:cloudspanner:/projects/test-project/instances/test-instance/databases/test-database
# Specify the Spanner JDBC driver.
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.google.cloud.spanner.jdbc.JdbcDriver
# Specify the Spanner Hibernate dialect.
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=com.google.cloud.spanner.hibernate.SpannerDialect
#spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update //same error even if I uncomment this line
# Settings to enable batching statements for efficiency
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=100
# You may display SQL statements and stats for debugging if needed.
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
請在下面找到控制臺日志：
2021-10-06 12:59:12.549 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2021-10-06 12:59:12.556 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2021-10-06 12:59:12.556 INFO 9747 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.53]
2021-10-06 12:59:12.617 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-10-06 12:59:12.617 INFO 9747 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 694 ms
2021-10-06 12:59:12.707 INFO 9747 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2021-10-06 12:59:12.737 WARN 9747 --- [ main] c.g.a.oauth2.DefaultCredentialsProvider : Your application has authenticated using end user credentials from Google Cloud SDK. We recommend that most server applications use service accounts instead. If your application continues to use end user credentials from Cloud SDK, you might receive a "quota exceeded" or "API not enabled" error. For more information about service accounts, see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/.
2021-10-06 12:59:14.558 INFO 9747 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase : HikariPool-1 - Driver does not support get/set network timeout for connections. (Network timeout is not supported)
2021-10-06 12:59:22.165 INFO 9747 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2021-10-06 12:59:22.197 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2021-10-06 12:59:22.231 INFO 9747 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.29.Final
2021-10-06 12:59:22.337 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
2021-10-06 12:59:22.396 INFO 9747 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: com.google.cloud.spanner.hibernate.SpannerDialect
2021-10-06 12:59:22.851 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
2021-10-06 12:59:22.857 INFO 9747 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2021-10-06 12:59:23.060 WARN 9747 --- [ main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2021-10-06 12:59:23.184 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.w.s.WelcomePageHandlerMapping : Adding welcome page template: index
2021-10-06 12:59:23.290 INFO 9747 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2021-10-06 12:59:23.298 INFO 9747 --- [ main] com.example.CoffeeApplication : Started CoffeeApplication in 12.957 seconds (JVM running for 13.227)
2021-10-06 12:59:33.646 INFO 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2021-10-06 12:59:33.646 INFO 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2021-10-06 12:59:33.647 INFO 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 1 ms
Hibernate:
select
customer0_.id as id1_1_,
customer0_.email as email2_1_,
customer0_.name as name3_1_
from
customer customer0_
2021-10-06 12:59:35.650 WARN 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 7, SQLState: null
2021-10-06 12:59:35.650 ERROR 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : PERMISSION_DENIED: com.google.api.gax.rpc.PermissionDeniedException: io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException: PERMISSION_DENIED: Caller is missing IAM permission spanner.sessions.create on resource projects/test-project/instances/test-instance/databases/test-database.
2021-10-06 12:59:35.668 ERROR 9747 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaSystemException: could not extract ResultSet; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: could not extract ResultSet] with root cause
io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException: PERMISSION_DENIED: Caller is missing IAM permission spanner.sessions.create on resource projects/test-project/instances/test-instance/databases/test-database.
at io.grpc.Status.asRuntimeException(Status.java:535) ~[grpc-api-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.stub.ClientCalls$UnaryStreamToFuture.onClose(ClientCalls.java:533) ~[grpc-stub-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.PartialForwardingClientCallListener.onClose(PartialForwardingClientCallListener.java:39) ~[grpc-api-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.ForwardingClientCallListener.onClose(ForwardingClientCallListener.java:23) ~[grpc-api-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.ForwardingClientCallListener$SimpleForwardingClientCallListener.onClose(ForwardingClientCallListener.java:40) ~[grpc-api-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at com.google.cloud.spanner.spi.v1.SpannerErrorInterceptor$1$1.onClose(SpannerErrorInterceptor.java:100) ~[google-cloud-spanner-6.12.5.jar:6.12.5]
at io.grpc.internal.ClientCallImpl.closeObserver(ClientCallImpl.java:557) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.internal.ClientCallImpl.access$300(ClientCallImpl.java:69) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.internal.ClientCallImpl$ClientStreamListenerImpl$1StreamClosed.runInternal(ClientCallImpl.java:738) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.internal.ClientCallImpl$ClientStreamListenerImpl$1StreamClosed.runInContext(ClientCallImpl.java:717) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.internal.ContextRunnable.run(ContextRunnable.java:37) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at io.grpc.internal.SerializingExecutor.run(SerializingExecutor.java:133) ~[grpc-core-1.40.1.jar:1.40.1]
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:180) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:293) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) ~[na:1.8.0_281]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_281]
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
該錯誤清楚地表明您的應用程式沒有嘗試連接到模擬器，而是連接到真正的 Spanner 資料庫。為了連接到模擬器而不是“真正的”Cloud Spanner，您應該執行以下操作之一：
- 設定環境變數
SPANNER_EMULATOR_HOST=localhost:9010 - 或者：編輯 JDBC 連接 URL 以包含該
autoConfigEmulator=true屬性。您的 JDBC URL 將變為jdbc:cloudspanner:/projects/test-project/instances/test-instance/databases/test-database;autoConfigEmulator=true
第二種選擇的優點是該autoConfigEmulator屬性不僅可以確保 JDBC 驅動程式連接到仿真器，而且如果它們不存在，它還將在仿真器上自動創建test-instance和test-database。
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