IPFS 搭建
官網
https://ipfs.io 可能需要梯子
下載和編譯
下載代碼
git clone https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs.git
首先需要 1.16版本以上的go環境
下載go
安裝go
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$wget https://golang.org/dl/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$tar -zxvf go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$sudo mv go /usr/local
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$vi ~/.profile
在末尾輸入 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$source ~/.profile
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$ go version
go version go1.17.2 linux/amd64
原始碼
找一個目錄，下載原始碼
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS$ mkdir ipfs && cd ipfs
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs$ git clone https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs.git
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs$ cd go-ipfs
## 選擇需要的版本
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ git checkout v0.10.0
編譯IPFS
編譯安裝比較久，可以使用下面的官方直接下載release好的ipfs進行安裝
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ make build
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ make install
官方release的ipfs
可以通過下面的鏈接直接下載官方編譯好的ipfs
https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/releases
檔案采用的是下面這個地址
https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/releases/download/v0.10.0/go-ipfs_v0.10.0_linux-amd64.tar.gz
壓縮包里面的和原始碼 go-ipfs/cmd/ipfs/dist目錄下內容是一樣的，只是沒有ipfs 檔案，原始碼編譯后，會在ipfs目錄下生成ipfs檔案
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs$ tar -zxf go-ipfs_v0.10.0_linux-amd64.tar.gz
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs$ cd go-ipfs
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ls
install.sh ipfs LICENSE LICENSE-APACHE LICENSE-MIT README.md
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ sudo ./install.sh
Moved ./ipfs to /usr/local/bin
測驗
輸入ipfs help 測驗安裝成功
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs --version
ipfs version 0.10.0
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs help
USAGE
ipfs - Global p2p merkle-dag filesystem.
SYNOPSIS
ipfs [--config=<config> | -c] [--debug | -D] [--help] [-h] [--api=<api>] [--offline] [--cid-base=<base>] [--upgrade-cidv0-in-output] [--encoding=<encoding> | --enc] [--timeout=<timeout>] <command> ...
OPTIONS
-c, --config string - Path to the configuration file to use.
-D, --debug bool - Operate in debug mode.
--help bool - Show the full command help text.
-h bool - Show a short version of the command help text.
-L, --local bool - Run the command locally, instead of using the daemon. DEPRECATED: use --offline.
--offline bool - Run the command offline.
--api string - Use a specific API instance (defaults to /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001).
--cid-base string - Multibase encoding used for version 1 CIDs in output.
--upgrade-cidv0-in-output bool - Upgrade version 0 to version 1 CIDs in output.
--enc, --encoding string - The encoding type the output should be encoded with (json, xml, or text). Default: text.
--stream-channels bool - Stream channel output.
--timeout string - Set a global timeout on the command.
SUBCOMMANDS
BASIC COMMANDS
init Initialize local IPFS configuration
add <path> Add a file to IPFS
cat <ref> Show IPFS object data
get <ref> Download IPFS objects
ls <ref> List links from an object
refs <ref> List hashes of links from an object
DATA STRUCTURE COMMANDS
dag Interact with IPLD DAG nodes
files Interact with files as if they were a unix filesystem
block Interact with raw blocks in the datastore
TEXT ENCODING COMMANDS
cid Convert and discover properties of CIDs
multibase Encode and decode data with Multibase format
ADVANCED COMMANDS
daemon Start a long-running daemon process
mount Mount an IPFS read-only mount point
resolve Resolve any type of name
name Publish and resolve IPNS names
key Create and list IPNS name keypairs
dns Resolve DNS links
pin Pin objects to local storage
repo Manipulate the IPFS repository
stats Various operational stats
p2p Libp2p stream mounting
filestore Manage the filestore (experimental)
NETWORK COMMANDS
id Show info about IPFS peers
bootstrap Add or remove bootstrap peers
swarm Manage connections to the p2p network
dht Query the DHT for values or peers
ping Measure the latency of a connection
diag Print diagnostics
bitswap Inspect bitswap state
pubsub Send and receive messages via pubsub
TOOL COMMANDS
config Manage configuration
version Show IPFS version information
update Download and apply go-ipfs updates
commands List all available commands
log Manage and show logs of running daemon
Use 'ipfs <command> --help' to learn more about each command.
ipfs uses a repository in the local file system. By default, the repo is
located at ~/.ipfs. To change the repo location, set the $IPFS_PATH
environment variable:
export IPFS_PATH=/path/to/ipfsrepo
EXIT STATUS
The CLI will exit with one of the following values:
0 Successful execution.
1 Failed executions.
For more information about each command, use:
'ipfs <subcmd> --help'
初始化ipfs
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs init
generating ED25519 keypair...done
peer identity: 12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6
initializing IPFS node at /home/ubuntu/.ipfs
to get started, enter:
ipfs cat /ipfs/QmQPeNsJPyVWPFDVHb77w8G42Fvo15z4bG2X8D2GhfbSXc/readme
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs cat /ipfs/QmQPeNsJPyVWPFDVHb77w8G42Fvo15z4bG2X8D2GhfbSXc/readme
Hello and Welcome to IPFS!
██╗██████╗ ███████╗███████╗
██║██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔════╝
██║██████╔╝█████╗ ███████╗
██║██╔═══╝ ██╔══╝ ╚════██║
██║██║ ██║ ███████║
╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚══════╝
If you're seeing this, you have successfully installed
IPFS and are now interfacing with the ipfs merkledag!
-------------------------------------------------------
| Warning: |
| This is alpha software. Use at your own discretion! |
| Much is missing or lacking polish. There are bugs. |
| Not yet secure. Read the security notes for more. |
-------------------------------------------------------
Check out some of the other files in this directory:
./about
./help
./quick-start <-- usage examples
./readme <-- this file
./security-notes
查看id
節點搭建成功之后我們可以通過 ipfs id 命令查看自己的本機id
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs id
{
"ID": "12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"PublicKey": "CAESIMzaxMDeC5b4HZgWuNxfh94PWg9al4C22hhBt2wks+6F",
"Addresses": null,
"AgentVersion": "go-ipfs/0.10.0/",
"ProtocolVersion": "ipfs/0.1.0",
"Protocols": null
}
配置啟動
配置其他機器訪問
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin '["*"]'
ipfs config --json Addresses.API '"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5001"'
啟動
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/IPFS/ipfs/go-ipfs$ ipfs daemon
Initializing daemon...
go-ipfs version: 0.10.0
Repo version: 11
System version: amd64/linux
Golang version: go1.16.8
2021/10/26 15:17:14 failed to sufficiently increase receive buffer size (was: 208 kiB, wanted: 2048 kiB, got: 416 kiB). See https://github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go/wiki/UDP-Receive-Buffer-Size for details.
Swarm listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/4001/quic
Swarm listening on /ip4/192.168.0.17/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip4/192.168.0.17/udp/4001/quic
Swarm listening on /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip6/::1/udp/4001/quic
Swarm listening on /p2p-circuit
Swarm announcing /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/4001/quic
Swarm announcing /ip4/192.168.0.17/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip4/192.168.0.17/udp/4001/quic
Swarm announcing /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip6/::1/udp/4001/quic
API server listening on /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5001
WebUI: http://0.0.0.0:5001/webui
Gateway (readonly) server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080
Daemon is ready
啟動后查看id
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/.ipfs$ ipfs id
{
"ID": "12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"PublicKey": "CAESIMzaxMDeC5b4HZgWuNxfh94PWg9al4C22hhBt2wks+6F",
"Addresses": [
"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/4001/quic/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/192.168.0.17/tcp/4001/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/192.168.0.17/udp/4001/quic/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/220.189.210.50/tcp/2417/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/220.189.210.50/tcp/2418/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/220.189.210.50/udp/2431/quic/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip4/220.189.210.50/udp/2457/quic/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip6/::1/tcp/4001/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6",
"/ip6/::1/udp/4001/quic/p2p/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6"
],
"AgentVersion": "go-ipfs/0.10.0/",
"ProtocolVersion": "ipfs/0.1.0",
"Protocols": [
"/ipfs/bitswap",
"/ipfs/bitswap/1.0.0",
"/ipfs/bitswap/1.1.0",
"/ipfs/bitswap/1.2.0",
"/ipfs/id/1.0.0",
"/ipfs/id/push/1.0.0",
"/ipfs/lan/kad/1.0.0",
"/ipfs/ping/1.0.0",
"/libp2p/autonat/1.0.0",
"/libp2p/circuit/relay/0.1.0",
"/p2p/id/delta/1.0.0",
"/x/"
]
}
網頁查看
http://192.186.0.17:5001/webui
會跳轉到
http://192.168.0.17:5001/ipfs/bafybeihcyruaeza7uyjd6ugicbcrqumejf6uf353e5etdkhotqffwtguva/#/
示例
直接使用ipfs 上傳檔案
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test$ ipfs add test3
added QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9 test3
15 B / 15 B [======================] 100.00%
使用ipfs 上傳目錄
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test$ ipfs add -r testdir
added QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot testdir/test2
added QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9 testdir/test3
added QmTqoHrSQuJXdJ4cFgVpv59P1yVjpjcajDqUeWDVSaiaxb testdir
21 B / 21 B [======================] 100.00%
使用HTTP API 上傳檔案
curl example
curl -X POST -F file=@myfile "http://127.0.0.1:5001/api/v0/add?quiet=<value>&quieter=<value>&silent=<value>&progress=<value>&trickle=<value>&only-hash=<value>&wrap-with-directory=<value>&chunker=size-262144&pin=true&raw-leaves=<value>&nocopy=<value>&fscache=<value>&cid-version=<value>&hash=sha2-256&inline=<value>&inline-limit=32"
上面<value> 是引數的值，需要修改，除了cid-version 是int型別，其他都是bool型別（可以用true/false 或者0/1），引數根據需要使用
引數說明可以參考 IPFS HTTP API http-commands
注意file=@myfile這個@，沒有這個@上傳的就成了檔案名，而不是檔案的內容了
下面是上傳一個檔案名為 tstst 的測驗檔案的例子
默認情況下可以不加引數
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test/heihei$ curl -X POST -F file=@tstst "http://127.0.0.1:5001/api/v0/add"
{"Name":"tstst","Hash":"QmfUJdALjZxhsiyBLyccj9sZFpygAEhk5UUfLVCi45rZND","Size":"34"}
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test/heihei$ ipfs cat /ipfs/QmfUJdALjZxhsiyBLyccj9sZFpygAEhk5UUfLVCi45rZND
This is a ipfs test file.
如上所示，上傳成功后可看到檔案的Hash值，可以通過這個Hash 去webui查看上傳的檔案是不是正確的
也可以通過webui上傳檔案
查看檔案的cid為QmVP7TY79k7ozPna5vPnxUANS68kpPdcLs4s7XTtdzN7Vn
通過ipfs的命令獲取檔案
ipfs cat /ipfs/QmVP7TY79k7ozPna5vPnxUANS68kpPdcLs4s7XTtdzN7Vn > tu.jpg
因為這里上傳的是一個圖片，直接獲取看不到，所以重定向到一個jpg檔案查看
使用IPNS
在IPFS中，對一個檔案的內容修改后（如升級），會生成一個完全不同的新Hash，使用IPNS就可以利用同一個鏈接總是指向更新的內容，其實使用也很簡單，只需要每次在內容更新之后使用ipfs name publish hash 發布到節點，
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test$ ipfs name publish QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9
Published to k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5: /ipfs/QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJU$ ipfs name publish QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot
Published to k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5: /ipfs/QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot
這里 QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9 是test3檔案的hash，QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot 是test2檔案的hash，兩次publish后可以看到得到的是相同的地址，k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5，前后兩次 訪問相同的地址http://192.168.0.17:8080/ipns/k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5 得到的內容分別是test3和test2的內容
也可以通過當前節點ID來訪問，就是 ipfs init 命令后生成的 peer identity，通過ipfs id可以查看當前節點ID http://192.168.0.17:8080/ipns/12D3KooWPc2pTzK4VtPnoN8x9dTdGUvUSzVkRX9U7gX6sg7Szoh6 的結果和上面http://192.168.0.17:8080/ipns/k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5的結果是一樣的
查看目前鏈接所指向的檔案
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test$ ipfs name resolve
/ipfs/QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot
如果有多個檔案需要使用IPNS，可以新建一key，將不同的檔案 publish 到不同的key 上去，上面的k51qzi5uqu5dlaeb0xwy5kx53q8ofyj036rhn8n529n1js070983cdgu8y3kw5其實就是系統生成的默認的key，
# 生成key
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test/$ ipfs key gen --type=rsa --size=2048 mykey
k2k4r8o5eus56y2m378zzjhuwu6x5rb2p0rv0bg6slb3nt9spzreg6u8
# 使用生成的key publish QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test$ ipfs name publish -key=mykey QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9
Published to k2k4r8o5eus56y2m378zzjhuwu6x5rb2p0rv0bg6slb3nt9spzreg6u8: /ipfs/QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9
# 使用ipfs name resolve 看到的還是默認的
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test/heihei$ ipfs name resolve
/ipfs/QmSwLYeFSWzifHNypYrkfx39zPXTpGNDLD5WdmLS8hWLot
# 使用 ipfs name resolve 加 key 可以看到該 key 對應的檔案
ubuntu@ubuntu-sol:~/test/heihei$ ipfs name resolve k2k4r8o5eus56y2m378zzjhuwu6x5rb2p0rv0bg6slb3nt9spzreg6u8
/ipfs/QmTZpQW6Vq65LTHUuJUbrNHmFdgGwP1spTvLRZkQwGmdj9
API
https://docs.ipfs.io/reference/http/api/
參考
https://docs.ipfs.io/
https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/tree/v0.10.0#install-prebuilt-binaries
https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/tree/v0.10.0#download-and-compile-ipfs
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