如何從IP范圍/子網中獲取隨機IP？

假設，我有 IP 范圍：“52.93.50.128/32” 我怎樣才能獲得該范圍內的隨機 IP 地址？

紅寶石會更可取。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

我認為使用這個 gem 的這個片段應該可以作業，簡單的方法是計算 IPs 范圍，然后選擇一個新的

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

require 'ipaddr'

family = Socket::AF_INET

subnet_range = IPAddr.new("52.93.50.128/32", family).to_range
from = subnet_range.first(2).last
to = IPAddr.new(subnet_range.last.to_i - 2, family)

puts "From: #{from}"
puts "To: #{to}"

random_ip = IPAddr.new(rand(from.to_i..to.to_i), family)

puts "Random IP: #{random_ip}"

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

假設，我有 IP 范圍：“52.93.50.128/32” 我怎樣才能獲得該范圍內的隨機 IP 地址？

這很容易。這是一個主機地址，換句話說，它不是一個范圍內的所有，它只是一個單一的地址。所以，你只需再次回傳輸入：

def random_ip_address_from_subnet(subnet) = subnet

但是，通過考慮主機地址和 RFC 3021 點對點鏈接的細節，我們可以做一些更智能的事情。

require 'ipaddr'

def random_ip_from_subnet(subnet)
  ipaddr = IPAddr.new(subnet)

  range = host_address_range(ipaddr)

  range.to_a.sample
end

def host_address_range(subnet)
  return subnet..subnet if subnet.ipv4? && subnet.prefix == 32 || subnet.ipv6? && subnet.prefix == 128

  range = subnet.to_range

  return range if subnet.ipv4? && subnet.prefix == 31

  Range.new(range.begin.succ, IPAddr.new(range.end.to_i - 1, subnet.family))
end

require 'minitest/autorun'

class TestRandomIp < Minitest::Test
  def setup
    @subnet_address1 = '52.93.50.129/30'
    @subnet_address2 = '52.93.50.130/30'
    @subnet_address_network = '52.93.50.128/30'
    @subnet_address_broadcast = '52.93.50.131/30'
    @subnet_address1_ip = IPAddr.new(@subnet_address1).succ
    @subnet_address2_ip = @subnet_address1_ip.succ
    @subnet_address_network_ip = IPAddr.new(@subnet_address_network)
    @subnet_address_broadcast_ip = @subnet_address2_ip.succ

    @host_address = '52.93.50.128/32'
    @host_address_ip = IPAddr.new(@host_address)

    @rfc3021_address1 = '52.93.50.128/31'
    @rfc3021_address2 = '52.93.50.129/31'
    @rfc3021_address1_ip = IPAddr.new(@rfc3021_address1)
    @rfc3021_address2_ip = IPAddr.new(@rfc3021_address2).succ
  end

  def test_that_host_address_range_works_with_normal_subnet_addresses
    range1 = host_address_range(@subnet_address1_ip)
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip, range1.begin
    assert_equal @subnet_address2_ip, range1.end
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip..@subnet_address2_ip, range1
    assert_equal 2, range1.count

    range2 = host_address_range(@subnet_address2_ip)
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip, range2.begin
    assert_equal @subnet_address2_ip, range2.end
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip..@subnet_address2_ip, range2
    assert_equal 2, range2.count

    range3 = host_address_range(@subnet_address_network_ip)
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip, range3.begin
    assert_equal @subnet_address2_ip, range3.end
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip..@subnet_address2_ip, range3
    assert_equal 2, range3.count

    range4 = host_address_range(@subnet_address_broadcast_ip)
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip, range4.begin
    assert_equal @subnet_address2_ip, range4.end
    assert_equal @subnet_address1_ip..@subnet_address2_ip, range4
    assert_equal 2, range4.count

    assert_equal range1, range2
    assert_equal range1, range3
    assert_equal range1, range4
    assert_equal range2, range3
    assert_equal range2, range4
    assert_equal range3, range4
  end

  def test_that_host_address_range_works_with_host_addresses
    range = host_address_range(@host_address_ip)
    assert_equal @host_address_ip, range.begin
    assert_equal @host_address_ip, range.end
    assert_equal @host_address_ip..@host_address_ip, range
    assert_equal 1, range.count
  end

  def test_that_host_address_range_works_with_rfc3021_addresses
    range1 = host_address_range(@rfc3021_address1_ip)
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address1_ip, range1.begin
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address2_ip, range1.end
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address1_ip..@rfc3021_address2_ip, range1
    assert_equal 2, range1.count

    range2 = host_address_range(@rfc3021_address2_ip)
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address1_ip, range2.begin
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address2_ip, range2.end
    assert_equal @rfc3021_address1_ip..@rfc3021_address2_ip, range2
    assert_equal 2, range2.count

    assert_equal range1, range2
  end

  def test_that_random_ip_from_subnet_works_with_normal_subnet_addresses
    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@subnet_address1)
      assert [@subnet_address1_ip, @subnet_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end

    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@subnet_address2)
      assert [@subnet_address1_ip, @subnet_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end

    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@subnet_address_network)
      assert [@subnet_address1_ip, @subnet_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end

    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@subnet_address_broadcast)
      assert [@subnet_address1_ip, @subnet_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end
  end

  def test_that_random_ip_from_subnet_works_with_rfc3021_addresses
    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@rfc3021_address1)
      assert [@rfc3021_address1_ip, @rfc3021_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end

    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@rfc3021_address2)
      assert [@rfc3021_address1_ip, @rfc3021_address2_ip].include?(random_ip)
    end
  end

  def test_that_random_ip_from_subnet_works_with_host_addresses
    100.times do
      random_ip = random_ip_from_subnet(@host_address)
      assert_equal @host_address_ip, random_ip
    end
  end
end

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