在同一視窗上使用OOP創建tkinter按鈕：問題-有解無憂

我是 Python 的初學者。我創建了一個帶有漂亮按鈕的 GUI。為此，我對影像進行了更改：滑鼠懸停按鈕時以及滑鼠離開按鈕時。我用這個非常丑陋的代碼做到了這一點，但它有效：

from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = Tk()
root.title("My first Python GUI")
root.geometry("1130x800")

canvas = Canvas(root, bg="#a9dfbf")
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)

button_1_onHover = Image.open("Buttons/button1_hover.png")
button_1_onLeave = Image.open("Buttons/button1_leave.png")
button_2_onHover = Image.open("Buttons/button2_hover.png")
button_2_onLeave = Image.open("Buttons/button2_leave.png")

root.button_1_onLeave = ImageTk.PhotoImage(button_1_onLeave)
root.button_1_onHover = ImageTk.PhotoImage(button_1_onHover)
root.button_2_onLeave = ImageTk.PhotoImage(button_2_onLeave)
root.button_2_onHover = ImageTk.PhotoImage(button_2_onHover)

def on_enter(event):
    button1.config(image=root.button_1_onHover)
def on_leave(leave):
    button1.config(image=root.button_1_onLeave)
    
def on_enter2(event):
    button2.config(image=root.button_2_onHover)
def on_leave2(leave):
    button2.config(image=root.button_2_onLeave)


button1 = Button(root, image=root.button_1_onLeave, bg="#a9dfbf", width=400, height=150, bd=0, relief="sunken", activebackground="#a9dfbf")

button2 = Button(root, image=root.button_2_onLeave, bg="#a9dfbf", width=400, height=150, bd=0, relief="sunken", activebackground="#a9dfbf")

canvas.create_window(300, 150, window=button1)
canvas.create_window(300, 350, window=button2)

button1.bind("<Enter>", on_enter)
button1.bind("<Leave>", on_leave)
button2.bind("<Enter>", on_enter2)
button2.bind("<Leave>", on_leave2)

root.mainloop()

這是視覺結果：丑陋代碼的視覺結果（它作業）

但是...問題是要制作一個按鈕，需要 15 行代碼。如果我想創建 10 個按鈕，它會變得令人難以置信的重復和不愉快。作為一個初學者，我聽說過面向物件編程，所以我把我的代碼變成了一個我稱之為 NewButton 的類：

from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


class NewButton:
    def __init__(self, imageHover, imageLeave, width, height, hposition, vposition):
        
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("My first Python GUI")
        self.root.geometry("1130x800")
        
        canvas = Canvas(self.root, bg="#a9dfbf")
        canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
        
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hposition = hposition
        self.vposition = vposition
        
        self.imageHover = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageHover}.png")
        self.imageLeave = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageLeave}.png")

        self.root.imageLeave = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.imageLeave)
        self.root.imageHover = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.imageHover)
        
        self.button = Button(self.root, image=self.root.imageLeave, bg="#a9dfbf", width=self.width, height=self.height, bd=0, relief="sunken", activebackground="#a9dfbf")

        canvas.create_window(self.hposition, self.vposition, window=self.button)
        
        def on_enter(event):
            self.button.config(image=self.root.imageHover)
        def on_leave(leave):
            self.button.config(image=self.root.imageLeave)

        self.button.bind("<Enter>", on_enter)
        self.button.bind("<Leave>", on_leave)

        self.root.mainloop()
    

NewButton("button1_hover","button1_leave",400,150,300,150)
NewButton("button2_hover","button2_leave",400,150,300,350)

在我的類的建構式中，我定義了懸停時使用的影像，離開時使用的影像，按鈕的寬度，它的高度，以及這個按鈕的位置（水平位置和垂直位置）。仍然在建構式中，我放置了根據進入/離開狀態更改影像的 2 個函式。

然后我將按鈕創建為 NewButton 物件并給出按鈕的特征。當我運行我的代碼時，python 會為我創建按鈕，但在不同的視窗中。這是視覺結果：帶有 POO 代碼的結果（不作業）

我想要的是將我創建的所有按鈕放在同一個視窗上，這不是我的代碼所得到的。你能告訴我有什么問題嗎？謝謝你（對不起我的狂熱！）

我嘗試的 acw1668 的解決方案（它不起作用）： 他的建議：“您需要在類之外創建根和畫布，并將畫布傳遞給類實體。” 我做了什么：

from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


root = Tk()
root.title("My first Python GUI")
root.geometry("1130x800")
canvas = Canvas(root, bg="#a9dfbf")
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)


class NewButton:
    def __init__(self, canvas, imageHover, imageLeave, width, height, hposition, vposition):

        self.canvas = canvas
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hposition = hposition
        self.vposition = vposition
        
        self.imageHover = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageHover}.png")
        self.imageLeave = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageLeave}.png")

        self.canvas.imageLeave = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.imageLeave)
        self.canvas.imageHover = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.imageHover)
        
        self.button = Button(self.canvas, image=self.canvas.imageLeave, bg="#a9dfbf", width=self.width, height=self.height, bd=0, relief="sunken", activebackground="#a9dfbf")

        canvas.create_window(self.hposition, self.vposition, window=self.button)
        
        def on_enter(event):
            self.button.config(image=self.canvas.imageHover)
        def on_leave(leave):
            self.button.config(image=self.canvas.imageLeave)

        self.button.bind("<Enter>", on_enter)
        self.button.bind("<Leave>", on_leave)

        self.canvas.mainloop()
    

NewButton(canvas,"button1_hover","button1_leave",400,150,300,150)
NewButton(canvas,"button2_hover","button2_leave",400,150,300,350)

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

您需要在類之外創建root和canvas然后傳遞canvas給類：

from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


class NewButton:
    def __init__(self, canvas, imageHover, imageLeave, width, height, hposition, vposition):

        self.canvas = canvas
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hposition = hposition
        self.vposition = vposition

        imageHover = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageHover}.png")
        imageLeave = Image.open(f"Buttons/{imageLeave}.png")

        self.imageLeave = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imageLeave)
        self.imageHover = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imageHover)

        self.button = Button(canvas, image=self.imageLeave, bg="#a9dfbf", width=self.width, height=self.height, bd=0, relief="sunken", activebackground="#a9dfbf")
        self.button.bind("<Enter>", self.on_enter)
        self.button.bind("<Leave>", self.on_leave)

        self.item_id = canvas.create_window(self.hposition, self.vposition, window=self.button)

    def on_enter(self, event):
        self.button.config(image=self.imageHover)

    def on_leave(self, event):
        self.button.config(image=self.imageLeave)


root = Tk()
root.title("My first Python GUI")
root.geometry("1130x800")

canvas = Canvas(root, bg="#a9dfbf")
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)

NewButton(canvas,"button1_hover","button1_leave",400,150,300,150)
NewButton(canvas,"button2_hover","button2_leave",400,150,300,350)

root.mainloop()

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標籤：Python 哎呀用户界面 tkinter 按钮

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