說明
使用 VLD 記憶體泄漏檢測工具輔助開發時整理的學習筆記，本篇介紹 VLD 組態檔中配置項 StackWalkMethod 的使用方法，同系列文章目錄可見 《記憶體泄漏檢測工具》目錄
目錄- 說明
- 1. 組態檔使用說明
- 2. 設定呼叫堆疊的跟蹤方法
- 2.1 測驗代碼
- 2.2 StackWalkMethod = fast 時的輸出
- 2.3 StackWalkMethod = safe 時的輸出
- 2.4 輸出結果對比
1. 組態檔使用說明
在程式中通過 #include "vld.h" 的方式檢測記憶體泄漏時，VLD 首先會嘗試在程式的生成目錄下讀取 vld.ini 檔案，若未讀取成功，則會嘗試在 VLD 的安裝目錄下讀取 vld.ini 檔案，若仍未讀取成功，則會使用內置的默認配置，內置的默認配置如果不動原始碼是無法更改的，因此通過修改相應目錄下的 vld.ini 檔案來定制 VLD 功能是最好的選擇，當配置引數等號右邊為空，或者給配置了不合法值時，在使用程序中會被程式重置到默認值，
2. 設定呼叫堆疊的跟蹤方法
引數名：StackWalkMethod，
有效賦值：fast，safe，
默認值：fast，
功能說明：設定呼叫堆疊的跟蹤方法，fast 方法速度快但跟蹤的呼叫堆疊可能不完整，會漏掉一些；safe 方法能更可靠地獲得完整的呼叫堆疊，但速度會慢很多，有可能導致被檢測的程式性能出現顯著下降，這時為了減少檢測時間，可以將配置項 MaxTraceFrames 設定得小一些，
2.1 測驗代碼
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTime>
#include "vld.h"
void testFun(int i)
{
if (i > 1)
{
testFun(i-1);
}else
{
int *ptr = new int(i);
printf("ptr = %08x, *ptr = %08x.\n", ptr, *ptr);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
QTime timedebuge;
timedebuge.start();
testFun(30);
qDebug() << "Elapsed Time: " << timedebuge.elapsed() << "ms";
return a.exec();
}
測驗環境：QT 5.9.2，MSVC 2015 32bit，Debug 模式，VLD 版本為 2.5.1，VLD 組態檔只對該引數做修改，測驗工程所在路徑為：E:\Cworkspace\Qt 5.9\QtDemo\testVLD，
2.2 StackWalkMethod = fast 時的輸出
標準輸出窗顯示：
ptr = 006e90c0, *ptr = 00000001.
Elapsed Time: 1 ms
VLD 輸出報告：
Visual Leak Detector read settings from: D:\Program Files (x86)\Visual Leak Detector\vld.ini
Visual Leak Detector Version 2.5.1 installed.
WARNING: Visual Leak Detector detected memory leaks!
---------- Block 1 at 0x006E90C0: 4 bytes ----------
Leak Hash: 0x03496A17, Count: 1, Total 4 bytes
Call Stack (TID 11760):
ucrtbased.dll!malloc()
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\heap\new_scalar.cpp (19): testVLD.exe!operator new() + 0x9 bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (13): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0x7 bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (25): testVLD.exe!main() + 0x7 bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (74): testVLD.exe!invoke_main() + 0x1B bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (264): testVLD.exe!__scrt_common_main_seh() + 0x5 bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (309): testVLD.exe!__scrt_common_main()
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_main.cpp (17): testVLD.exe!mainCRTStartup()
KERNEL32.DLL!BaseThreadInitThunk() + 0x19 bytes
ntdll.dll!RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath() + 0x11E bytes
ntdll.dll!RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath() + 0xEE bytes
Data:
01 00 00 00 ........ ........
Visual Leak Detector detected 1 memory leak (40 bytes).
Largest number used: 40 bytes.
Total allocations: 40 bytes.
Visual Leak Detector is now exiting.
2.3 StackWalkMethod = safe 時的輸出
標準輸出窗顯示：
ptr = 012aa388, *ptr = 00000001.
Elapsed Time: 18 ms
VLD 輸出報告：
Visual Leak Detector read settings from: D:\Program Files (x86)\Visual Leak Detector\vld.ini
Visual Leak Detector Version 2.5.1 installed.
Using the "safe" (but slow) stack walking method.
WARNING: Visual Leak Detector detected memory leaks!
---------- Block 1 at 0x012AA388: 4 bytes ----------
Leak Hash: 0x9281F97B, Count: 1, Total 4 bytes
Call Stack (TID 30696):
ucrtbased.dll!malloc()
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\heap\new_scalar.cpp (19): testVLD.exe!operator new() + 0x9 bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (13): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0x7 bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (10): testVLD.exe!testFun() + 0xC bytes
e:\cworkspace\qt 5.9\qtdemo\testvld\main.cpp (25): testVLD.exe!main() + 0x7 bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (74): testVLD.exe!invoke_main() + 0x1B bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (264): testVLD.exe!__scrt_common_main_seh() + 0x5 bytes
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl (309): testVLD.exe!__scrt_common_main()
f:\dd\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_main.cpp (17): testVLD.exe!mainCRTStartup()
KERNEL32.DLL!BaseThreadInitThunk() + 0x19 bytes
ntdll.dll!RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath() + 0x11E bytes
ntdll.dll!RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath() + 0xEE bytes
Data:
01 00 00 00 ........ ........
Visual Leak Detector detected 1 memory leak (40 bytes).
Largest number used: 40 bytes.
Total allocations: 40 bytes.
Visual Leak Detector is now exiting.
2.4 輸出結果對比
- 當
StackWalkMethod = fast時，耗時1 ms，此次檢測輸出了全部的呼叫堆疊， - 當
StackWalkMethod = safe時，耗時18 ms，也檢測輸出了全部的呼叫堆疊，
本文作者：木三百川
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