最近遇到個需要在C++中處理XML檔案的需求，雖然對此方面并不是很熟，但好在有GitHub上的awesome-cpp專案的幫助，還是識訓了足夠的相關知識，
類別庫
常用的或被推薦的XML類別庫有以下數個選項，不過相較于純C完成的類別庫個人還是更傾向于C++的類別庫：
- Boost.PropertyTree - A property tree parser/generator that can be used to parse XML/JSON/INI/Info files. [Boost]
- Expat - An XML parser library written in C. [MIT]
- Libxml2 - The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome. [MIT]
- libxml++ - An XML Parser for C++. [LGPL2]
- Mini-XML - A small XML parsing library written in ANSI C. [LGPL2 with exceptions]
- PugiXML - A light-weight, simple and fast XML parser for C++ with XPath support. [MIT]
- RapidXml - An attempt to create the fastest XML parser possible, while retaining useability, portability and reasonable W3C compatibility. [Boost]
- TinyXML - A simple, small, minimal, C++ XML parser that can be easily integrating into other programs. [zlib]
- TinyXML2 - A simple, small, efficient, C++ XML parser that can be easily integrating into other programs. [zlib]
- TinyXML++ - A completely new interface to TinyXML that uses MANY of the C++ strengths. Templates, exceptions, and much better error handling. [MIT]
- Xerces-C++ - A validating XML parser written in a portable subset of C++. [Apache2]
TinyXML VS TinyXML2
TinyXML是在尋找更多資訊時被多次提及的，因為并不想花費過多時間在做選擇題上，于是其似乎成了最終的贏家，
但未曾想它自身還有兩個版本，
TinyXML與TinyXML2的相同點：
- 簡單的API
- 基于DOM的決議器
- 支持UTF-8 Unicode
TinyXML2的優點：
- 著眼于未來的開發
- 更少的記憶體分配(1/10到1/100)，使用更少的記憶體(TinyXML的40%)，更快(讀取上約5倍)
- 不再需要STL
- 更現代的C++，包括一個合適的命名空間
- 適當且有用地處理空白
TinyXML的優點：
- 能夠報告決議錯誤的位置
- 支持一些C++ STL約定：流與字串
- 非常成熟并且除錯良好的代碼庫
TinyXML2的第2及第4項優點是我更中意的，所以還是選它吧，
使用方法
在其GitHub的倉庫中下載相關檔案，tinyxml2
找到tinyxml2.h與tinyxml2.cpp兩個檔案，將它們添加至你的工程專案中，這便是所有需要的，
示例
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include "tinyxml2.h"
using namespace tinyxml2;
void writeXMLFile()
{
XMLDocument doc;
auto delaration = doc.NewDeclaration();
doc.InsertFirstChild(delaration);
auto root = doc.NewElement("root");
doc.InsertEndChild(root);
auto id = doc.NewElement("id");
id->SetText(666);
root->InsertEndChild(id);
auto name = doc.NewElement("name");
name->SetText("Ken");
name->SetAttribute("blogger", true);
root->InsertEndChild(name);
doc.SaveFile("sample.xml");
}
XMLDocument* readXMLFile()
{
auto doc = new XMLDocument;
doc->LoadFile("sample.xml");
auto root = doc->RootElement();
auto id = root->FirstChildElement("id");
std::cout << id->GetText() << std::endl;
auto name = root->FirstChildElement("name");
std::cout << name->GetText() << std::endl;
std::cout << name->Attribute("blogger") << std::endl;
return doc;
}
int main()
{
writeXMLFile();
auto doc = readXMLFile();
auto root = doc->RootElement();
auto id = root->FirstChildElement("id");
doc->DeleteNode(id);
auto randomid = doc->NewElement("randomid");
std::default_random_engine e;
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> u;
auto r = u(e, decltype(u)::param_type(1000000, 9000000));
randomid->SetText(r);
root->InsertFirstChild(randomid);
doc->Print();
delete doc;
}
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標籤：C++
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